CHAPTER 8—TRAVEL AND TRANSPORTATION ALLOWANCES
SUBCHAPTER I—TRAVEL AND TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITIES—NEW LAW
452.
Allowable travel and transportation: general authorities.
453.
Allowable travel and transportation: specific authorities.
454.
Travel and transportation: pilot programs.
455.
Appropriations for travel: may not be used for attendance at certain meetings.
456.
Managed travel program refunds.
SUBCHAPTER II—ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS
461.
Relationship to other travel and transportation authorities.
462.
Travel and transportation allowances paid to members that are unauthorized or in excess of authorized amounts: requirement for repayment.
463.
Program of compliance; electronic processing of travel claims.
1
[SUBCHAPTER III—REPEALED]
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2021—Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title VI, §604(b), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1768, struck out item for subchapter III "TRAVEL AND TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITIES—OLD LAW" and items 471 "Travel authorities transition expiration date", 472 "Definitions and other incorporated provisions of chapter 7", 474 "Travel and transportation allowances: general", 474a "Travel and transportation allowances: temporary lodging expenses", 474b "Travel and transportation allowances: payment of lodging expenses at temporary duty location during authorized absence of member", 475a "Travel and transportation allowances: departure allowances", 476 "Travel and transportation allowances: dependents; baggage and household effects", 476a "Travel and transportation allowances: authorized for travel performed under orders that are canceled, revoked, or modified", 476b "Travel and transportation allowances: members of the uniformed services attached to a ship overhauling or inactivating", 476c "Travel and transportation allowances: members assigned to a vessel under construction", 477 "Travel and transportation allowances: dislocation allowance", 478 "Travel and transportation allowances: travel within limits of duty station", 478a "Travel and transportation allowances: inactive duty training outside of the normal commuting distances", 479 "Travel and transportation allowances: house trailers and mobile homes", 480 "Travel and transportation allowances: miscellaneous categories", 481 "Travel and transportation allowances: administrative provisions", 481a "Travel and transportation allowances: travel performed in connection with convalescent leave", 481b "Travel and transportation allowances: travel performed in connection with leave between consecutive overseas tours", 481c "Travel and transportation allowances: travel performed in connection with rest and recuperative leave from certain stations in foreign countries", 481d "Travel and transportation allowances: transportation incident to personal emergencies for certain members and dependents", 481e "Travel and transportation allowances: transportation incident to certain emergencies for members performing temporary duty", 481f "Travel and transportation allowances: transportation for survivors of deceased member to attend the member's burial ceremonies", 481h "Travel and transportation allowances: transportation of designated individuals incident to hospitalization of members for treatment of wounds, illness, or injury", 481i "Travel and transportation allowances: parking expenses", 481j "Travel and transportation allowances: transportation of family members incident to the repatriation of members held captive", 481k "Travel and transportation allowances: non-medical attendants for members determined to be very seriously or seriously wounded, ill, or injured", 481l "Travel and transportation allowances: attendance of members and others at Yellow Ribbon Reintegration Program events", 484 "Travel and transportation: dependents of members in a missing status; household and personal effects; trailers; additional movements; motor vehicles; sale of bulky items; claims for proceeds; appropriation chargeable", 488 "Allowance for recruiting expenses", 489 "Travel and transportation allowances: minor dependent schooling", 490 "Travel and transportation: dependent children of members stationed overseas", 491 "Benefits for certain members assigned to the Defense Intelligence Agency", 492 "Travel and transportation: members escorting certain dependents", and 494 "Subsistence reimbursement relating to escorts of foreign arms control inspection teams".
Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title IV, §604(c)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3672, struck out item 475 "Travel and transportation allowances: per diem while on duty outside the continental United States" and item 495 "Funeral honors duty: allowance".
2019—Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title VI, §606(b), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1425, added item 456.
SUBCHAPTER I—TRAVEL AND TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITIES—NEW LAW
§451. Definitions
(a) Definitions Relating to Persons.—In this subchapter and subchapter II:
(1) The term "administering Secretary" or "administering Secretaries" means the following:
(A) The Secretary of Defense, with respect to the armed forces (including the Coast Guard when it is operating as a service in the Navy).
(B) The Secretary of Homeland Security, with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy.
(C) The Secretary of Commerce, with respect to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
(D) The Secretary of Health and Human Services, with respect to the Public Health Service.
(2) The term "authorized traveler" means a person who is authorized travel and transportation allowances when performing official travel ordered or authorized by the administering Secretary. Such term includes the following:
(A) A member of the uniformed services.
(B) A family member of a member of the uniformed services.
(C) A person acting as an escort or attendant for a member or family member who is traveling on official travel or is traveling with the remains of a deceased member or as an escort or attendant for dependents of a member for necessary travel performed not later than one year after the member is unable to accompany the dependents who are incapable of traveling alone.
(D) A person who participates in a military funeral honors detail.
(E) A Senior Reserve Officers' Training Corps cadet or midshipman.
(F) An applicant or rejected applicant for enlistment.
(G) Any person whose employment or service is considered directly related to a Government official activity or function under regulations prescribed under section 464 of this title.
(H) Any other person not covered by subparagraphs (A) through (G) who is determined by the administering Secretary pursuant to regulations prescribed under section 464 of this title as warranting the provision of travel benefits for purposes of the following:
(i) Transportation of survivors to attend burial services or transfer of deceased members after death overseas as provided in section 453(f) of this title.
(ii) Transportation of designated individuals incident to the hospitalization of members as provided in section 452(b)(12) of this title.
(iii) Transportation of designated individuals incident to the repatriation of members as provided in section 452(b)(13) of this title.
(iv) Transportation of non-medical attendants as provided in section 452(b)(14) of this title.
(v) Transportation of designated individuals to attend Yellow Ribbon Reintegration Program events as provided in section 452(b)(15) of this title.
(vi) Transportation of a person with regard to a single event when the administering Secretary determines that the travel is necessary to ensure fairness and equity, respond to emergency or humanitarian circumstances, or serve the best interests of the Government.
(vii) Transportation of a dependent child of a member of the uniformed services to the United States to obtain formal secondary, undergraduate, graduate, or vocational education, if the permanent duty assignment location of the member is outside the continental United States (other than in Alaska or Hawaii).
(viii) Transportation of a dependent child of a member of the uniformed services within the United States to obtain formal secondary, undergraduate, graduate, or vocational education, if the permanent duty assignment location of the member is in Alaska or Hawaii and the school is located in a State outside of the permanent duty assignment location.
(ix) Transportation of a dependent to a location where a member of the uniformed services is on permanent duty aboard a ship that is overhauling, inactivating, or under construction.
(3) The term "family member", with respect to a member of the uniformed services, means the following:
(A) A dependent, as defined in section 401(a) of this title.
(B) A child, as defined in section 401(b)(1) of this title.
(C) A parent, as defined in section 401(b)(2) of this title.
(D) A sibling of the member.
(E) A former spouse of the member.
(b) Definitions Relating to Travel and Transportation Allowances.—In this subchapter and subchapter II:
(1) The term "official travel" means the following:
(A) Military duty or official business performed by an authorized traveler away from a duty assignment location or other authorized location.
(B) Travel performed by an authorized traveler ordered to relocate from a permanent duty station to another permanent duty station.
(C) Travel performed by an authorized traveler ordered to the first permanent duty station, or separated or retired from uniformed service.
(D) Local travel in or around the temporary duty or permanent duty station.
(E) Other travel as authorized or ordered by the administering Secretary.
(2) The term "actual and necessary expenses" means expenses incurred in fact by an authorized traveler as a reasonable consequence of official travel.
(3) The term "travel allowances" means the daily lodging, meals, and other related expenses, including relocation expenses, incurred by an authorized traveler while on official travel.
(4) The term "transportation allowances" means the costs of temporarily or permanently moving an authorized traveler, the personal property of an authorized traveler, or a combination thereof.
(5) The term "transportation-, lodging-, or meals-in-kind" means transportation, lodging, or meals provided by the Government without cost to an authorized traveler.
(6) The term "miscellaneous expenses" means authorized expenses incurred in addition to authorized allowances during the performance of official travel by an authorized traveler.
(7) The term "personal property", with respect to transportation allowances, includes baggage, furniture, and other household items, clothing, privately owned vehicles, house trailers, mobile homes, and any other personal items that would not otherwise be prohibited by any other provision of law or regulation prescribed under section 464 of this title.
(8) The term "relocation allowances" means the costs associated with relocating a member of the uniformed services and the member's dependents between an old and new temporary or permanent duty assignment location or other authorized location. Such costs include pet quarantine expenses.
(9) The term "dislocation allowances" means the costs associated with relocation of the household of a member of the uniformed services and the member's dependents in relation to a change in the member's permanent duty assignment location ordered for the convenience of the Government or incident to an evacuation.
(10)(A) The term "permanent duty assignment location" means—
(i) the official station of a member of the uniformed services; or
(ii) the residence of a dependent of a member of the uniformed services.
(B) As used in subparagraph (A)(ii), the residence of a dependent who is a student not living with the member while at school is the permanent duty assignment location of the dependent student.
(Added Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(b), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1453; amended Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title VI, §621(a)(1), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 783; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title VI, §603(b), (c)(2), (d)(2), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1766, 1767; Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title VI, §626(h)(6), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2629.)
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2022—Subsec. (a)(2)(H)(i). Pub. L. 117–263, §626(h)(6)(A), substituted "section 453(f)" for "section 481f".
Subsec. (a)(2)(H)(ii). Pub. L. 117–263, §626(h)(6)(B), substituted "section 452(b)(12)" for "section 481h".
Subsec. (a)(2)(H)(iii). Pub. L. 117–263, §626(h)(6)(C), substituted "section 452(b)(13)" for "section 481j".
Subsec. (a)(2)(H)(iv). Pub. L. 117–263, §626(h)(6)(D), substituted "section 452(b)(14)" for "section 481k".
Subsec. (a)(2)(H)(v). Pub. L. 117–263, §626(h)(6)(E), substituted "section 452(b)(15)" for "section 481l".
2021—Subsec. (a)(2)(H)(vii), (viii). Pub. L. 117–81, §603(c)(2)(A), added cls. (vii) and (viii).
Subsec. (a)(2)(H)(ix). Pub. L. 117–81, §603(d)(2), added cl. (ix).
Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 117–81, §603(b), inserted at end "Such costs include pet quarantine expenses."
Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 117–81, §603(c)(2)(B), added par. (10).
2013—Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 113–66 inserted "or as an escort or attendant for dependents of a member for necessary travel performed not later than one year after the member is unable to accompany the dependents who are incapable of traveling alone" before period at end.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Purpose of Consolidation and Reform of Travel and Transportation Authorities of the Uniformed Services
Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(a), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1452, provided that: "This section [see Tables for classification] establishes general travel and transportation provisions for members of the uniformed services and other travelers authorized to travel under official conditions. Recognizing the complexities and the changing nature of travel, the amendments made by this section [see Tables for classification] provide the Secretary of Defense and the other administering Secretaries with the authority to prescribe and implement travel and transportation policy that is simple, clear, efficient, and flexible, and that meets mission and servicemember needs, while realizing cost savings that should come with a more efficient and less cumbersome system for travel and transportation."
Transition Provisions
Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §632, Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1465, provided that:
"(a) Implementation Plan.—The Secretary of Defense shall develop a plan to implement subchapters I and II of chapter 8 of title 37, United States Code (as added by section 631(b) of this Act), and to transition all of the travel and transportation programs for members of the uniformed services under chapter 7 of title 37, United States Code, solely to provisions of those subchapters by the end of the transition period.
"(b) Authority for Modifications to Old-Law Authorities During Transition Period.—During the transition period, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretaries concerned, in using the authorities under subchapter III of chapter 8 of title 37, United States Code (as so added), may apply those authorities subject to the terms of such provisions and such modifications as the Secretary of Defense may include in the implementation plan required under subsection (a) or in any subsequent modification to that implementation plan.
"(c) Coordination.—The Secretary of Defense shall prepare the implementation plan under subsection (a) and any modification to that plan under subsection (b) in coordination with—
"(1) the Secretary of Homeland Security, with respect to the Coast Guard;
"(2) the Secretary of Health and Human Services, with respect to the commissioned corps of the Public Health Service; and
"(3) the Secretary of Commerce, with respect to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
"(d) Program of Compliance.—The Secretary of Defense and the other administering Secretaries shall commence the operation of the programs of compliance required by section 463 of title 37, United States Code (as so added), by not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 31, 2011].
"(e) Transition Period.—In this section, the term 'transition period' means the 10-year period beginning on the first day of the first month beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act."
§452. Allowable travel and transportation: general authorities
(a) In General.—Except as otherwise prohibited by law, a member of the uniformed services or other authorized traveler may be provided transportation-, lodging-, or meals-in-kind, or actual and necessary expenses of travel and transportation, for, or in connection with, official travel under circumstances as specified in regulations prescribed under section 464 of this title.
(b) Specific Circumstances.—The authority under subsection (a) includes travel under or in connection with, but not limited to, the following circumstances, to the extent specified in regulations prescribed under section 464 of this title:
(1) Temporary duty that requires travel between a permanent duty assignment location and another authorized temporary duty location, and travel in or around the temporary duty location.
(2) Permanent change of station that requires travel between an old and new temporary or permanent duty assignment location or other authorized location.
(3) Temporary duty or assignment relocation related to consecutive overseas tours or in-place-consecutive overseas tours.
(4) Recruiting duties for the armed forces.
(5) Assignment or detail to another Government department or agency.
(6) Rest and recuperative leave.
(7) Convalescent leave.
(8) Reenlistment leave.
(9) Reserve component inactive-duty training performed outside the normal commuting distance of the member's permanent residence.
(10) Ready Reserve muster duty.
(11) Unusual, extraordinary, hardship, or emergency circumstances.
(12) Presence of family members at a military medical facility incident to the illness or injury of members.
(13) Presence of family members at the repatriation of members held captive.
(14) Presence of non-medical attendants for very seriously or seriously wounded, ill, or injured members.
(15) Attendance at Yellow Ribbon Reintegration Program events.
(16) Missing status, as determined by the Secretary concerned under chapter 10 of this title.
(17) Attendance at or participation in international sports competitions described under section 717 of title 10.
(18) Travel by a dependent child to the United States to obtain formal secondary, undergraduate, graduate, or vocational education, if the permanent duty assignment location of the member of the uniformed services is outside the continental United States (other than in Alaska or Hawaii).
(19) Travel by a dependent child within the United States to obtain formal secondary, undergraduate, graduate, or vocational education, if the permanent duty assignment location of the member of the uniformed services is in Alaska or Hawaii and the school is located in a State outside of the permanent duty assignment location.
(20) Subject to subsection (i), travel by a dependent to a location where a member of the uniformed services is on permanent duty aboard a ship that is overhauling, inactivating, or under construction.
(21) Presence of family members at the funeral and memorial services of members.
(22) Permanent change of assignment to or from a naval vessel undergoing nuclear refueling or defueling and any concurrent complex overhaul, even if such assignment is within the same area as the current assignment of the member.
(23) Current assignment to a naval vessel entering or exiting nuclear refueling or defueling and any concurrent complex overhaul.
(c) Matters Included.—Travel and transportation allowances which may be provided under subsection (a) include the following:
(1) Allowances for transportation (including fares and tolls, without regard to distance travelled), lodging, and meals.
(2) Dislocation or relocation allowances paid in connection with a change in a member's temporary or permanent duty assignment location.
(3) A partial dislocation allowance paid to a member ordered to occupy or vacate housing provided by the United States.
(4) Passport and visa fees required for foreign travel.
(5) Other related miscellaneous expenses.
(d) Mode of Providing Travel and Transportation Allowances.—Any authorized travel and transportation may be provided—
(1) as an actual expense;
(2) as an authorized allowance;
(3) in-kind; or
(4) using a combination of the authorities under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3).
(e) Travel and Transportation Allowances When Travel Orders Are Modified, etc.—An authorized traveler whose travel and transportation order or authorization is canceled, revoked, or modified may be allowed actual and necessary expenses or travel and transportation allowances in connection with travel performed pursuant to such order or authorization.
(f) Advance Payments.—An authorized traveler may be allowed advance payments for authorized travel and transportation allowances.
(g) Responsibility for Unauthorized Expenses.—Any unauthorized travel or transportation expense is not the responsibility of the United States.
(h) Relationship to Other Authorities.—The administering Secretary may not provide payment under this section for an expense for which payment may be provided from any other appropriate Government or non-Government entity.
(i) Dependent Transportation Incident to Ship Construction, Inactivation, and Overhauling.—The authority under subsection (a) for travel in connection with circumstances described in subsection (b)(20) shall be subject to the following terms and conditions:
(1) The member of the uniformed services must be permanently assigned to the ship for 31 or more consecutive days to be eligible for allowances, and the transportation allowances accrue on the 31st day and every 60 days thereafter.
(2) Transportation in kind, reimbursement for personally procured transportation, or a monetary allowance for mileage in place of the cost of transportation may be provided, in lieu of the member's entitlement to transportation, for the member's dependents from the location that was the home port of the ship before commencement of overhaul or inactivation to the port of overhaul or inactivation.
(3) The total reimbursement for transportation for the member's dependents may not exceed the cost of one Government-procured commercial round-trip travel.
(Added Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(b), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1455; amended Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title VI, §607(b), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1425; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title VI, §605, title XII, §1299N, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3672, 4016; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title VI, §§603(c)(1), (d)(1), 623, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1766, 1767, 1772; Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title VI, §621, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2625.)
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2022—Subsec. (b)(18), (21). Pub. L. 117–263, §621(1), redesignated par. (18), relating to presence of family members at the funeral and memorial services of members, as (21).
Subsec. (b)(22), (23). Pub. L. 117–263, §621(2), added pars. (22) and (23).
2021—Subsec. (b)(18). Pub. L. 117–81, §623, added par. (18) relating to presence of family members at the funeral and memorial services of members at end of subsec. (b).
Pub. L. 117–81, §603(c)(1), added par. (18) relating to travel by a dependent child to the United States to obtain formal secondary, undergraduate, graduate, or vocational education.
Subsec. (b)(19). Pub. L. 117–81, §603(c)(1), added par. (19).
Subsec. (b)(20). Pub. L. 117–81, §603(d)(1)(A), added par. (20).
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, §605, inserted "(including fares and tolls, without regard to distance travelled)" after "transportation".
Subsec. (c)(4), (5). Pub. L. 116–283, §1299N, added par. (4) and redesignated former par. (4) as (5).
Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 117–81, §603(d)(1)(B), added subsec. (i).
2019—Subsec. (c)(3), (4). Pub. L. 116–92 added par. (3) and redesignated former par. (3) as (4).
§453. Allowable travel and transportation: specific authorities
(a) In General.—In addition to any other authority for the provision of travel and transportation allowances, the administering Secretaries may provide travel and transportation allowances under this subchapter in accordance with this section.
(b) Authorized Absence From Temporary Duty Location.—An authorized traveler may be paid travel and transportation allowances, or reimbursed for actual and necessary expenses of travel, incurred at a temporary duty location during an authorized absence from that location.
(c) Movement of Personal Property.—(1) A member of a uniformed service may be allowed moving expenses and transportation allowances for self and dependents associated with the movement of personal property and household goods, including such expenses when associated with a self-move.
(2) The authority in paragraph (1) includes the movement and temporary and non-temporary storage of personal property, household goods, and privately owned vehicles (but not to exceed one privately owned vehicle per member household) in connection with the temporary or permanent move between authorized locations.
(3) For movement of household goods, the administering Secretaries shall prescribe weight allowances in regulations under section 464 of this title. The prescribed weight allowances may not exceed 18,000 pounds (including household goods in temporary storage, but excluding packing and crating), except that the administering Secretary may, on a case-by-case basis, authorize additional weight allowances as necessary.
(4) The administering Secretary may prescribe the terms, rates, and conditions that authorize a member of the uniformed services to ship or store a privately owned vehicle.
(5) No carrier, port agent, warehouseman, freight forwarder, or other person involved in the transportation of property may have any lien on, or hold, impound, or otherwise interfere with, the movement of baggage and household goods being transported under this section.
(d) Unusual or Emergency Circumstances.—An authorized traveler may be provided travel and transportation allowances under this section for unusual, extraordinary, hardship, or emergency circumstances, including circumstances warranting evacuation from a permanent duty assignment location.
(e) Particular Separation Provisions.—The administering Secretary may provide travel-in-kind and transportation-in-kind for the following persons in accordance with regulations prescribed under section 464 of this title:
(1) A member who is retired, or is placed on the temporary disability retired list, under chapter 61 of title 10.
(2) A member who is retired with pay under any other law or who, immediately following at least eight years of continuous active duty with no single break therein of more than 90 days, is discharged with separation pay or is involuntarily released from active duty with separation pay or readjustment pay.
(3) A member who is discharged under section 1173 of title 10.
(f) Attendance at Memorial Ceremonies and Services.—A family member or member of the uniformed services who attends a deceased member's repatriation, burial, or memorial ceremony or service may be provided travel and transportation allowances to the extent provided in regulations prescribed under section 464 of this title.
(g) Reimbursement of Qualifying Spouse Relicensing Costs and Business Costs.—(1) From amounts otherwise made available for a fiscal year to provide travel and transportation allowances under this chapter, the Secretary concerned may reimburse a member of the uniformed services for qualified relicensing costs and qualified business costs of the spouse of the member when—
(A) the member relocates to a new jurisdiction or geographic area as the result of—
(i) an assignment to a duty station;
(ii) a reassignment, either as a result of a permanent change of station or permanent change of assignment, between duty stations;
(iii) a transfer from a regular component of a uniformed service into the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve of a uniformed service, if the member is authorized a final move from the last duty station to the new jurisdiction or geographic area; or
(iv) placement on the temporary disability retired list under chapter 61 of title 10; and
(B) the movement of the member's dependents is authorized at the expense of the United States under this section as part of the relocation.
(2)(A) Reimbursement provided to a member under this subsection for qualified relicensing costs may not exceed $1,000 in connection with each relocation described in paragraph (1).
(B) Reimbursement provided to a member under this subsection for qualified business costs may not exceed $1,000 in connection with each relocation described in paragraph (1).
(3) No reimbursement may be provided under this subsection for qualified relicensing costs or qualified business costs paid or incurred after December 31, 2029.
(4) In this subsection, the term "qualified relicensing costs" means costs, including exam, continuing education courses, business license, permit, and registration fees, incurred by the spouse of a member if—
(A) the spouse was licensed or certified in a profession, or owned a business, during the member's previous duty assignment and requires a new professional license or certification, or business license or permit, to engage in that profession in a new jurisdiction because of the member's relocation described in paragraph (1); and
(B) the costs were incurred or paid to secure or maintain the professional license or certification, or business license or permit, from the new jurisdiction in connection with such relocation.
(5) In this subsection, the term "qualified business costs" means costs, including moving services for equipment, equipment removal, new equipment purchases, information technology expenses, and inspection fees, incurred by the spouse of a member if—
(A) the spouse owned a business during the member's previous duty assignment and the costs result from a the member's relocation described in paragraph (1); and
(B) the costs were incurred or paid to move such business to a new location in connection with such relocation.
(h) Reimbursement for Transportation of Pets Arising From Certain Permanent Changes of Stations.—(1) The Secretary concerned may reimburse a member for any cost related to the relocation of a pet that arises from a permanent change of station of such member within the continental United States. Such reimbursement may not exceed $550 for each such permanent change of station.
(2) The Secretary concerned may reimburse a member for any cost related to the relocation of a pet that arises from a permanent change of station of such member to or from a duty station located outside the continental United States. Such reimbursement may not exceed $4,000 for each such permanent change of station.
(i) Attendance at Professional Military Education Institution or Training Classes.—
(1) The Secretary of the military department concerned may authorize temporary duty status, and travel and transportation allowances payable to a member in such status, for a member under the jurisdiction of such Secretary who is reassigned—
(A) between duty stations located within the United States;
(B) for a period of not more than one year;
(C) for the purpose of participating in professional military education or training classes,
(D) with orders to return to the duty station where the member maintains primary residence and the dependents of such member reside.
(2) If the Secretary of the military department concerned assigns permanent duty status to a member described in paragraph (1), such member shall be eligible for travel and transportation allowances including the following:
(A) Transportation, including mileage at the same rate paid for a permanent change of station.
(B) Per diem while traveling between the permanent duty station and professional military education institution or training site.
(C) Per diem paid in the same manner and amount as temporary lodging expenses.
(D) Per diem equal to the amount of the basic allowance for housing under section 403 of this title paid to a member—
(i) in the grade of such member;
(ii) without dependents;
(iii) who resides in the military housing area in which the professional military education institution or training site is located.
(E) Movement of household goods in an amount determined under applicable regulations.
(Added Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(b), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1457; amended Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title VI, §621(c)(1), (h), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 783, 784; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title V, §522(c), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2116; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title VI, §622(a), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3676; Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title VI, §§622(a), 623–625, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2625–2627; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title VI, §635, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 298.)
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2023—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 118–31, §635(1), substituted "Reimbursement of Qualifying Spouse Relicensing Costs and Business Costs" for Reimbursement of Qualifying Spouse Relicensing Costs or Business Costs Incident to a Member's Permanent Change of Station or Assignment in heading.
Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 118–31, §635(2)(A), substituted "and qualified business costs" for "or qualified business costs" in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (g)(1)(A). Pub. L. 118–31, §635(2)(B), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: "the member is reassigned, either as a permanent change of station or permanent change of assignment, between duty stations located in separate jurisdictions with unique licensing or certification requirements and authorities; and".
Subsec. (g)(1)(B). Pub. L. 118–31, §635(2)(C), substituted "relocation" for "reassignment".
Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 118–31, §635(3), substituted "relocation" for "reassignment" in subpars. (A) and (B).
Subsec. (g)(4)(A). Pub. L. 118–31, §635(4)(A), substituted "the member's relocation described in paragraph (1);" for "movement described in paragraph (1)(B) in connection with the member's change in duty location pursuant to reassignment described in paragraph (1)(A);".
Subsec. (g)(4)(B). Pub. L. 118–31, §635(4)(B), substituted "relocation" for "reassignment".
Subsec. (g)(5)(A). Pub. L. 118–31, §635(5)(A), substituted "the member's relocation described in paragraph (1);" for "movement described in paragraph (1)(B) in connection with the member's change in duty location pursuant to reassignment described in paragraph (1)(A);".
Subsec. (g)(5)(B). Pub. L. 118–31, §635(5)(B), substituted "relocation" for "reassignment".
2022—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 117–263, §622(a)(1), inserted "Relicensing Costs" after "Relicensing Costs" in heading.
Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 117–263, §622(a)(2), inserted "or qualified business costs" after "qualified relicensing costs" in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 117–263, §622(a)(3), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted "for qualified relicensing costs" after "subsection", substituted "$1,000" for "$1000", and added subpar. (B).
Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 117–263, §§622(a)(4), 623, inserted "or qualified business costs" after "qualified relicensing costs" and substituted "December 31, 2029" for "December 31, 2024".
Subsec. (g)(4). Pub. L. 117–263, §622(a)(5)(A), inserted "business license, permit," after "courses," in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (g)(4)(A). Pub. L. 117–263, §622(a)(5)(B), inserted ", or owned a business," before "during", "professional" before "license", and ", or business license or permit," after "certification".
Subsec. (g)(4)(B). Pub. L. 117–263, §622(a)(5)(C), inserted "professional" before "license" and ", or business license or permit," after "certification".
Subsec. (g)(5). Pub. L. 117–263, §622(a)(6), added par. (5).
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 117–263, §624, added subsec. (h).
Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 117–263, §625, added subsec. (i).
2021—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 116–283 added subsec. (g).
2016—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 114–328 struck out subsec. (g). Text read as follows: "A member may be reimbursed as specified in regulations prescribed under section 464 of this title for travel and related expenses incurred by the member as a result of the cancellation of previously approved leave when the leave is cancelled in conjunction with the member's participation in a contingency operation and the cancellation occurs within 48 hours of the time the leave would have commenced. The settlement for reimbursement under this subsection is final and conclusive."
2013—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 113–66, §621(h), substituted "(including household goods in temporary storage, but excluding packing and crating)" for "(including packing, crating, and household goods in temporary storage)".
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 113–66, §621(c)(1), added subsec. (g).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Storage of Household Effects
Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title V, §503(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1558, as amended by Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, §561(l)(2), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1668; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title V, §561(f), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2025; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title V, §571(f)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A-134; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(f)(4)(B), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948, provided that:
"(1) The Secretary of a military department shall exercise the authority provided by section 476 of title 37, United States Code, to provide nontemporary storage of baggage and household effects for a period not longer than one year in the case of individuals who are involuntarily separated during the period beginning on October 1, 1990, and ending on December 31, 2001.
"(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term 'involuntarily separated' has the meaning given that term in section 1141 of title 10, United States Code."
§454. Travel and transportation: pilot programs
(a) Pilot Programs.—Except as otherwise prohibited by law, the Secretary of Defense may conduct pilot programs to evaluate alternative travel and transportation programs, policies, and processes for Department of Defense authorized travelers. Any such pilot program shall be designed to enhance cost savings or other efficiencies that accrue to the Government and be conducted so as to evaluate one or more of the following:
(1) Alternative methods for performing and reimbursing travel.
(2) Means for limiting the need for travel.
(3) Means for reducing the environmental impact of travel.
(b) Limitations.—(1) Not more than three pilot programs may be carried out under subsection (a) at any one time.
(2) The duration of a pilot program may not exceed four years.
(3) The authority to carry out a pilot program is subject to the availability of appropriated funds.
(c) Reports.—(1) Not later than 30 days before the commencement of a pilot program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the pilot program. The report on a pilot program under this paragraph shall set forth a description of the pilot program, including the following:
(A) The purpose of the pilot program.
(B) The duration of the pilot program.
(C) The cost savings or other efficiencies anticipated to accrue to the Government under the pilot program.
(2) Not later than 60 days after the completion of a pilot program, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the pilot program. The report on a pilot program under this paragraph shall set forth the following:
(A) A description of results of the pilot program.
(B) Such recommendations for legislative or administrative action as the Secretary considers appropriate in light of the pilot program.
(d) Congressional Defense Committees Defined.—In this section, the term "congressional defense committees" has the meaning given that term in section 101(a)(16) of title 10.
(Added Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(b), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1458.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Pilot Program To Reimburse Members of the Armed Forces for Certain Child Care Costs Incident to a Permanent Change of Station or Assignment
Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title VI, §627, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2630, provided that:
"(a) Establishment.—The Secretary of Defense shall carry out a pilot program to reimburse members of the Armed Forces for certain child care costs incident to a permanent change of station or assignment.
"(b) Travel and Transportation Allowances.—Under the pilot program, the Secretary of Defense shall treat a designated child care provider as an authorized traveler if child care is not available to a member of the Armed Forces at a military child development center at the permanent duty location of such member not later than 30 days after the member arrives at such location.
"(c) Reimbursement of Certain Child Care Costs.—
"(1) Authority.—Under the pilot program, the Secretary of Defense may reimburse a member of the Armed Forces for travel expenses for a designated child care provider when—
"(A) the member is reassigned, either as a permanent change of station or permanent change of assignment, to a new duty station;
"(B) the movement of the member's dependents is authorized at the expense of the United States under section 451 of title 37, United States Code, as part of the reassignment;
"(C) child care is not available at a military child development center at such duty station not later than 30 days after the member arrives at such duty station; and
"(D) the dependent child is on the wait list for child care at such military child development center.
"(2) Maximum amounts.—Reimbursement provided to a member under this subsection may not exceed—
"(A) $500 for a reassignment between duty stations within the continental United States; and
"(B) $1,500 for a reassignment involving a duty station outside of the continental United States.
"(3) Deadline.—A member may not apply for reimbursement under this subsection later than one year after a reassignment described in paragraph (1).
"(4) Concurrent receipt prohibited.—In the event a household contains more than one member eligible for reimbursement under this subsection, reimbursement may be paid to one member among such members as such members shall jointly elect.
"(d) Report.—Not later than January 1, 2027, the Secretary shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report on the pilot program, including the recommendation of the Secretary whether to make the pilot program permanent.
"(e) Termination.—The pilot program shall terminate on September 30, 2028.
"(f) Definitions.—In this section:
"(1) The term 'authorized traveler' has the meaning given such term in section 451 of title 37, United States Code.
"(2) The term 'designated child care provider' means an adult selected by a member of the armed forces to provide child care to a dependent child of such member.
"(3) The term 'military child development center' has the meaning given such term in section 1800 of title 10, United States Code."
§455. Appropriations for travel: may not be used for attendance at certain meetings
Appropriations of the Department of Defense that are available for travel may not, without the approval of the Secretary concerned or his designee, be used for expenses incident to attendance of a member of an armed force under that department at a meeting of a technical, scientific, professional, or similar organization.
(Pub. L. 87–649, Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 476, §412; renumbered §455, Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(1), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460.)
The words "may not . . . be used" are substituted for the words "shall not be available". The words "on and after August 1, 1953" are omitted as executed. The words "Secretary concerned" are substituted for the words "Secretary of the department concerned" to conform to other sections of this revised title and to the definition in section 101(5) of this revised title. So much of the source statute as relates to civilian employees is omitted as superseded by the Act of July 7, 1958, Pub. L. 85–507, 72 Stat. 327.
Editorial Notes
Prior Provisions
Act Aug. 1, 1953, cited as the source of this section in the Historical and Revision Notes above, is known as the Department of Defense Appropriation Act, 1954. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:
July 10, 1952, ch. 630, title VI, §606, 66 Stat. 531.
Oct. 18, 1951, ch. 512, title VI, §606, 65 Stat. 445.
Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, ch. X, title VI, §607, 64 Stat. 752.
Oct. 29, 1949, ch. 787, title VI, §607, 63 Stat. 1018.
June 24, 1948, ch. 632, 62 Stat. 652.
July 30, 1947, ch. 357, title I, 61 Stat. 554.
July 16, 1946, ch. 583, 60 Stat. 545.
July 3, 1945, ch. 265, 59 Stat. 388.
June 28, 1944, ch. 303, 58 Stat. 577.
Amendments
2011—Pub. L. 112–81 renumbered section 412 of this title as this section.
§456. Managed travel program refunds
(a) Credit of Refunds.—The Secretary of Defense may credit refunds attributable to Department of Defense managed travel programs as a direct result of official travel to such operation and maintenance or research, development, test, and evaluation accounts of the Department as designated by the Secretary that are available for obligation for the fiscal year in which the refund or amount is collected.
(b) Use of Refunds.—Refunds credited under subsection (a) may only be used for official travel or operations and efficiency improvements for improved financial management of official travel.
(c) Definitions.—In this section:
(1) Managed travel program.—The term "managed travel program" includes air, rental car, train, bus, dining, lodging, and travel management, but does not include rebates or refunds attributable to the use of the Government travel card, the Government Purchase Card, or Government travel arranged by Government Contracted Travel Management Centers.
(2) Refund.—The term "refund" includes miscellaneous receipts credited to the Department identified as a refund, rebate, repayment, or other similar amounts collected.
(Added Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title VI, §606(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1424.)
SUBCHAPTER II—ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS
§461. Relationship to other travel and transportation authorities
An authorized traveler may not be paid travel and transportation allowances or receive travel-in-kind and transportation-in-kind, or a combination thereof, under both subchapter I and subchapter III for official travel performed under a single or related travel and transportation order or authorization by the administering Secretary.
(Added Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(b), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1459.)
§462. Travel and transportation allowances paid to members that are unauthorized or in excess of authorized amounts: requirement for repayment
(a) Repayment Required.—Except as provided in subsection (b), a member of the uniformed services or other person who is paid travel and transportation allowances under subchapter I shall repay to the United States any amount of such payment that is determined to be unauthorized or in excess of the applicable authorized amount.
(b) Exception.—The regulations prescribed under section 464 of this title shall specify procedures for determining the circumstances under which an exception to repayment otherwise required by subsection (a) may be granted.
(c) Effect of Bankruptcy.—An obligation to repay the United States under this section is, for all purposes, a debt owed the United States. A discharge in bankruptcy under title 11 does not discharge a person from such debt if the discharge order is entered less than five years after the date on which the debt was incurred.
(Added Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(b), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1459.)
§463. Programs of compliance; electronic processing of travel claims
(a) Programs of Compliance.—The administering Secretaries shall provide for compliance with the requirements of this chapter through programs of compliance established and maintained for that purpose.
(b) Elements.—The programs of compliance under subsection (a) shall—
(1) minimize the provision of benefits under this chapter based on inaccurate claims, unauthorized claims, overstated or inflated claims, and multiple claims for the same benefits through the electronic verification of travel claims on a near-time basis and such other means as the administering Secretaries may establish for purposes of the programs of compliance; and
(2) ensure that benefits provided under this chapter do not exceed reasonable or actual and necessary expenses of travel claimed or reasonable allowances based on commercial travel rates.
(c) Electronic Processing of Travel Claims.—(1) By not later than the date that is five years after the date of the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012, any travel claim under this chapter shall be processed electronically.
(2) The administering Secretary, or the Secretary's designee, may waive the requirement in paragraph (1) with respect to a particular claim in the interests of the department concerned.
(3) The electronic processing of claims under this subsection shall be subject to the regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense under section 464 of this title which shall apply uniformly to all members of the uniformed services and, to the extent practicable, to all other authorized travelers.
(Added Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(b), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1459.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The date of the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 112–81, which was approved Dec. 31, 2011.
§464. Regulations
This subchapter and subchapter I shall be administered under terms, rates, conditions, and regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense in consultation with the other administering Secretaries for members of the uniformed services. Such regulations shall be uniform for the Department of Defense and shall apply as uniformly as practicable to the uniformed services under the jurisdiction of the other administering Secretaries.
(Added Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(b), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460.)
[SUBCHAPTER III—REPEALED]
Section 471, added Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(b), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, defined the term "travel authorities transition expiration date" in this subchapter.
Section 472, added Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(b), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, related to application of sections 401, 421, and 423 of this title to this subchapter.
Section 474, Pub. L. 87–649, Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 472, §404; Pub. L. 89–680, §1(1), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 957; Pub. L. 89–718, §§55, 56, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1122, 1123; Pub. L. 90–168, §3, Dec. 1, 1967, 81 Stat. 525; Pub. L. 91–183, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 840; Pub. L. 94–296, §1, May 29, 1976, 90 Stat. 584; Pub. L. 96–342, title VIII, §807(a), Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1096; Pub. L. 96–343, §5(a), Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1126; Pub. L. 97–60, title I, §121(a), Oct. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 999; Pub. L. 98–94, title IX, §908(b), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 637; Pub. L. 98–525, title V, §533(g), title VI, §613(a), title XIV, §1402(c), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2528, 2539, 2621; Pub. L. 99–145, title VI, §612(a), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 639; Pub. L. 99–500, §101(c) [title IX, §9073], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783-113, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [title IX, §9073], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341-113; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title VI, §614(a), title XIII, §1343(b)(2), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3879, 3995; Pub. L. 100–26, §8(a), (d)(6), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 284, 285; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title VI, §617(a), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1096; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VI, §621(a), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1446; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title V, §503(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1558; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, §702(b)(1)–(3), (c), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 117; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title VI, §624, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2423; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, §561(l)(1), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1668; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title VI, §§621, 622, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2784; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title VI, §621, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 363; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XII, §1252, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2698; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VI, §602(b)(1), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1772; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title V, §561(f), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2025; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, §631, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 661; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title V, §571(f), title X, §1087(b)(3)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A-134, 1654A-292; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title VI, §631, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1143; renumbered §474 and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(1), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1461; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VI, §621(a), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1778; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VI, §603(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1794; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title VI, §603(a)(2), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1766, related to travel and transportation allowances for a member of a uniformed service.
Section 474a, added Pub. L. 97–60, title I, §122(a)(1), Oct. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 1002, §404a; amended Pub. L. 99–145, title VI, §613(a), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 640; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, §702(b)(1), (2), (c), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 117; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title VI, §621, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2422; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VI, §621(a), (b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1682; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, §632, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 661; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title VI, §641(a), (c)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A-159, 1654A-161; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title VI, §632(a), (b), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1144; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VI, §609(b), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3290; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VI, §603(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 145; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title VI, §603, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4483; renumbered §474a and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(2), (f)(4)(A), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1461, 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948, related to subsistence expenses of a member of a uniformed service and the member's dependents while occupying temporary quarters incident to a change of permanent station.
Section 474b, added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title VI, §635(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1510, §404b; amended Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VI, §651(a), (b)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3311; renumbered §474b and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(3), (f)(4)(A), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1461, 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948, related to lodging expenses incurred by the member of the armed forces during an authorized absence from a temporary duty location.
Editorial Notes
Codification
Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500. Amendment of section 474 by Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591 is based on section 615(a) of S. 2638, Ninety-ninth Congress, as passed by the Senate on Aug. 9, 1986, which was enacted into permanent law by Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591. S. 2638 was subsequently enacted as Pub. L. 99–661.
Prior Provisions
Provisions similar to those in subsec. (g) of section 474 were contained in the following appropriations acts:
Oct. 12, 1984, Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(h) [title VIII, §8053], 98 Stat. 1904, 1933.
Dec. 8, 1983, Pub. L. 98–212, title VII, §761, 97 Stat. 1449.
Dec. 21, 1982, Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §101(c) [title VII, §767], 96 Stat. 1833, 1861.
Dec. 29, 1981, Pub. L. 97–114, title VII, §771, 95 Stat. 1590.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title VI, §604(a), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1767, provided that the repeal of this subchapter is effective December 31, 2021.
[§475. Renumbered §405]
Section 475a, added Pub. L. 89–26, §1(1), May 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 116, §405a; amended Pub. L. 89–608, §2, Sept. 30, 1966, 80 Stat. 851; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2303(e), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2165; Pub. L. 97–60, title I, §§121(c), 123, Oct. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 1002, 1003; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIII, §1343(b)(3), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3995; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, §702(b)(1), (c), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 117; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title VI, §625(b)(1), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2424; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title VI, §622(a), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 363; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title VI, §653(c), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2052; renumbered §475a and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(5), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1462, related to expenses incident to an authorized or ordered departure.
Section 476, Pub. L. 87–649, Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 473, §406; Pub. L. 88–431, §1(a), Aug. 14, 1964, 78 Stat. 439; Pub. L. 89–101, §2, July 30, 1965, 79 Stat. 425; Pub. L. 89–680, §1(2), (3), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 957; Pub. L. 89–718, §§58, 59, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1123; Pub. L. 90–623, §3(6), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1314; Pub. L. 96–107, title VIII, §814, Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 817; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §506(7), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2919; Pub. L. 97–60, title I, §121(b), Oct. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 1000; Pub. L. 97–86, title IV, §404, Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1105; Pub. L. 97–258, §2(i)(1), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1061; Pub. L. 97–295, §3(4), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1303; Pub. L. 98–94, title IX, §909, Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 638; Pub. L. 99–145, title VI, §§612(b), 614(a), 617(a), title XIII, §1303(b)(9), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 639–641, 741; Pub. L. 99–433, title VI, §602(f)(2), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1070; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title VI, §§617(a), 620(a), (b)(1), 652(a), (b), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3880, 3882, 3888; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title VI, §616(b), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1096; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title VI, §602(a), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1976; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VI, §623(a), (b), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1447; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title V, §503(b), title VI, §§621, 622(a), title XIV, §1484(i)(9), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1558, 1580, 1718; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, §702(b)(1)–(3), (c), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 117; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title XI, §1111(d)(4), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1492; Pub. L. 102–241, §12, Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2213; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title VI, §622(a), title X, §1054(a)(4), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2422, 2502; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, §561(l)(1), title XI, §1182(d)(1), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1668, 1773; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title VI, §§623, 642(a)(1), title XV, §§1502(b), 1505(d), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 363, 368, 506, 514; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title III, §368(b), title VI, §§621(a), 624, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2498, 2548; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VI, §§603(d)(1)(B), 631, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1782, 1795; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title V, §561(f), title VI, §§631(a), (b)(1), 632, 653(b), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2025, 2043, 2044, 2051; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title V, §571(f), title VI, §§642(a), 643], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A-134, 1654A-161; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title VI, §§633(a), 634(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1144; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, §1704(c), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, §571, title VI, §631(b), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1484, 1508; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VI, §§652, 654(a), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3312, 3313; Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title VI, §2609, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2862; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title VI, §§621, 622, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4491, 4492; renumbered §476 and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(6), (f)(4)(A), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1462, 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VI, §621(b), title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1779, 1948; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title V, §556(a), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1403; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title V, §577, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1406; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title VI, §622(b), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3677, related to certain travel and transportation allowances.
Section 476a, added Pub. L. 88–238, §1(1), Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 475, §406a; renumbered §476a and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(7), (f)(4)(A), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1462, 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948, related to expenses for travel performed under orders that are canceled, revoked, or modified.
Section 476b, added Pub. L. 91–210, §1(1), Mar. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 53, §406b; amended Pub. L. 93–170, Nov. 29, 1973, 87 Stat. 689; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §516(11), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2938; Pub. L. 97–22, §11(b)(3)(A), July 10, 1981, 95 Stat. 138; Pub. L. 99–145, title VI, §616(a), (c)(1), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 641; Pub. L. 100–26, §8(d)(7), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 285; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title XII, §1233(a)(3), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1161; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VI, §624(b), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1448; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, §1054(a)(5), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2502; renumbered §476b and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(8), (f)(4)(A), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1462, 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948, related to travel expenses for a member of the uniformed services who is on permanent duty aboard a ship which is being overhauled or inactivated away from its home port and whose dependents are residing at the home port of the ship.
Section 476c, added Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VI, §624(a)(1), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1447, §406c; amended Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title VI, §622, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1378; renumbered §476c and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(9), (f)(4)(A), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1462, 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948, related to travel expenses for a member of the uniformed services who is assigned to permanent duty aboard a ship that is under construction at a location other than the home port or the area where the dependents of the member are residing.
Section 477, Pub. L. 87–649, Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 474, §407; Pub. L. 89–26, §1(3), (4), May 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 117; Pub. L. 89–718, §60, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1123; Pub. L. 90–207, §1(4), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 651; Pub. L. 97–60, title I, §124, Oct. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 1003; Pub. L. 99–145, title VI, §611(a), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 639; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title VI, §619(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3881; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title VI, §613, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1093; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, §702(b)(1), (c), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 117; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title VI, §624, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 363; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title VI, §622(a), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2548; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VI, §632(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1795; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title VI, §644], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A-161; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title VI, §§635(a), (b), 636(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1144, 1145; renumbered §477 and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(10), (f)(4)(A), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1462, 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title VI, §607(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1425, related to primary, secondary, and partial dislocation allowances.
Section 478, Pub. L. 87–649, Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 475, §408; Pub. L. 99–145, title VI, §619(a), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 642; Pub. L. 100–26, §8(d)(6), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 285; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title VI, §623, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1379; renumbered §478 and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(11), (f)(4)(A), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1462, 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948, related to expenses for travel within limits of duty station.
Section 478a, added Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VI, §631(a)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 153, §408a; amended Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title VI, §621, Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4238; renumbered §478a and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §§621, 631(d)(2), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1452, 1460; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VI, §611(7), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1776; Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title VI, §611(7), title X, §1091(b)(3), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 780, 876; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title VI, §611(7), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3399; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VI, §611(7), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 837; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VI, §§611(7), 621, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2157, 2161; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title VI, §611(7), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1421, related to reimbursement of expenses to an eligible member of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve for travel to an inactive duty training location outside the normal commuting distance.
Section 479, Pub. L. 87–649, Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 475, §409; Pub. L. 88–406, Aug. 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 383; Pub. L. 89–718, §§61, 62, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1123; Pub. L. 90–246, Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 782; Pub. L. 96–342, title VIII, §808(a)(1), Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1096; Pub. L. 100–26, §8(e)(6), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 286; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, §702(b)(1), (2), (c), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 117; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title VI, §654(b)(3), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2582; renumbered §479 and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(12), (f)(4)(A), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1462, 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948, related to transportation of a house trailer or mobile home dwelling.
Section 480, Pub. L. 87–649, Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 475, §410; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, §702(b)(1), (c), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 117; renumbered §480 and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(13), (f)(4)(A), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1462, 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948, related to travel and transportation allowances provided by section 474 to certain other persons.
Section 481, Pub. L. 87–649, Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 476, §411; Pub. L. 89–26, §1(5), May 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 117; Pub. L. 96–343, §5(b), Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1126; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §516(12), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2938; Pub. L. 97–60, title I, §122(b), Oct. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 1003; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, §702(b)(1), (c), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 117; renumbered §481 and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(14), (f)(4)(A), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1463, 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948, related to administration of this subchapter.
Section 481a, added Pub. L. 90–207, §9(1), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 655, §411a; renumbered §481a and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(15), (f)(4)(A), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1463, 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VI, §618(h)(3), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2161, related to travel and transportation allowances for travel from a place of medical treatment in connection with authorized leave for convalescence from illness or injury incurred while the member was eligible for the receipt of hostile fire pay under section 310 or 351 of this title.
Section 481b, added Pub. L. 93–213, §1(1), Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 910, §411b; amended Pub. L. 97–60, title I, §125, Oct. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 1003; Pub. L. 99–145, title VI, §615(a), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 641; Pub. L. 100–26, §8(d)(8), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 286; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title VI, §614(d)(1), (2), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1095; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title VI, §624, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1379; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title VI, §623(a), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2548; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title VI, §637, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1146; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title VI, §§621(a), (b), 654(b)(4), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2570, 2571, 2582; renumbered §481b and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(16), (f)(4)(A), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1463, 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948, related to travel performed in connection with leave between consecutive overseas tours.
Section 481c, added Pub. L. 97–60, title I, §126(a), Oct. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 1003, §411c; amended Pub. L. 100–26, §8(d)(9), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 286; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title VI, §633(a), (b)(1), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2044; renumbered §481c and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(17), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1463, related to travel from a duty station outside the United States in an area specifically designated by the Secretary concerned to certain locations for rest and recuperative leave.
Section 481d, added Pub. L. 97–60, title I, §126(a), Oct. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 1004, §411d; amended Pub. L. 98–525, title VI, §612(a)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2538; Pub. L. 100–26, §8(e)(6), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 286; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, §702(b)(1), (2), (c), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 117; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title VI, §623, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2784; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, §633, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 661; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title VI, §654(b)(5), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2582; renumbered §481d and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(18), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1463, related to travel incident to emergency leave granted for reasons of a personal emergency only when Government transportation is not reasonably available.
Section 481e, added Pub. L. 97–60, title I, §126(a), Oct. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 1004, §411e; amended Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title VI, §623(a), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1984; renumbered §481e and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(19), (f)(4)(A), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1463, 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948, related to travel to and from a place of temporary duty to the member's permanent duty station or other location if such travel has been approved incident to a personal emergency of the member.
Section 481f, added Pub. L. 99–145, title VI, §620(a)(1), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 642, §411f; amended Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title VI, §632(b), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1986; Pub. L. 103–35, title II, §204(a)(2), May 31, 1993, 107 Stat. 102; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title VI, §638(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1146; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title VI, §631, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1956; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VI, §632, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 154; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, §542(b)(1), (2)(A), title VI, §631, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2299, 2300, 2359; renumbered §481f and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(20), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1463; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VI, §§621, 622(a), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 841; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XI, §1104(b), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3890, related to travel of eligible relatives of a member of the uniformed services for the member's burial ceremony, memorial service, and ceremonies for the transfer of the member.
Section 481h, added Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title VI, §615(a)(1), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1095, §411h; amended Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title VI, §632(a), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1985; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title VI, §624, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2785; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title VI, §632, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1508; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title VI, §632(a), (b), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1956; Pub. L. 109–13, div. A, title I, §1026(a), (b)(1), May 11, 2005, 119 Stat. 254; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VI, §655(b), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3314; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title VI, §631, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2258; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title VI, §632(a)–(g)(1), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2359–2362; renumbered §481h and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(21), (f)(4)(A), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1463, 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948, related to transportation of designated individuals incident to hospitalization of members for treatment of wounds, illness, or injury.
Section 481i, added Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title VI, §645(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A-161, §411i; renumbered §481i and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(22), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1463; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VI, §604, Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1795; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title IX, §925(f), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3827, related to parking expenses.
Section 481j, added Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VI, §653(a), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3312, §411j; renumbered §481j and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(23), (f)(4)(A), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1463, 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948, related to transportation of family members incident to the repatriation of members held captive.
Section 481k, added Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title VI, §633(a)(1), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2362, §411k; amended Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title X, §1075(c)(4), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4372; renumbered §481k and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(24), (f)(4)(A), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1463, 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948, related to travel for non-medical attendants for certain members who are determined to be very seriously or seriously wounded, ill, or injured.
Section 481l, added Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title VI, §622(a)(1), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4238, §411l; renumbered §481l and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(25), (f)(4)(A), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1464, 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948, related to travel and transportation allowances so an authorized member of the uniformed services may attend a Yellow Ribbon Reintegration Program event.
Section 484, added Pub. L. 89–554, §5(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 627, §554; amended Pub. L. 90–83, §5(2), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 221; Pub. L. 90–236, Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 764; Pub. L. 90–623, §3(7), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1315; Pub. L. 92–477, §1, Oct. 9, 1972, 86 Stat. 793; Pub. L. 93–548, §3, Dec. 26, 1974, 88 Stat. 1743; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, §702(b)(1), (2), (c), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 117; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, §1063(a), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1476; Pub. L. 104–316, title II, §202(s), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3845; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title VI, §653(d), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2052; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title VI, §622(a), (b), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2571; renumbered §484 and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(3), (e)(26), (f)(4)(A), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1461, 1464, 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948, related to transport, storage, and sale of household and personal effects.
Section 488, added Pub. L. 92–129, title II, §205(a), Sept. 28, 1971, 85 Stat. 359, §428; renumbered §488 and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(27), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1464, related to reimbursement for recruiting expenses.
Section 489, added Pub. L. 95–561, title XIV, §1407(e)(1)(A), formerly §1407(c)(1)(A), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2367, renumbered §1407(d)(1)(A), Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title V, §504(a)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1559, renumbered §1407(e)(1)(A), Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title III, §353(1), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1063, §429; amended Pub. L. 99–145, title XIII, §1303(b)(10), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 741; renumbered §489 and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(28), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1464; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(6), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948, related to transportation for a minor dependent attending an overseas school on a dormitory basis.
Section 490, added Pub. L. 98–94, title IX, §910(a)(1), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 638, §430; amended Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VI, §625(a), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1448; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, §1484(e)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1717; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, §702(b)(1), (2), (c), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 117; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title VI, §634, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2044; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title VI, §646], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A-162; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title VI, §639(a)–(c), title IX, §931(c), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1148, 1200; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title VI, §654(b)(6), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2582; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title VI, §633, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1509; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title VI, §633, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1957; renumbered §490 and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(29), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1464, related to transportation for eligible dependent children of one annual trip between certain schools and the member's duty station outside the continental United States.
Editorial Notes
Prior Provisions
Act Aug. 1, 1953, cited as the source of subsec. (j) of section 476 in the Historical and Revision Notes, is known as the Department of Defense Appropriation Act, 1954. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:
July 10, 1952, ch. 630, title VI, §605, 66 Stat. 531.
Oct. 18, 1951, ch. 512, title VI, §605, 65 Stat. 445.
Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, ch. X, title VI, §605, 64 Stat. 752.
Oct. 29, 1949, ch. 787, title VI, §605, 63 Stat. 1017.
June 24, 1948, ch. 632, 62 Stat. 652.
July 30, 1947, ch. 357, title I, 61 Stat. 554.
July 16, 1946, ch. 583, 60 Stat. 545.
July 3, 1945, ch. 265, 59 Stat. 388.
June 28, 1944, ch. 303, 58 Stat. 577.
July 1, 1943, ch. 185, 57 Stat. 351.
July 2, 1942, ch. 477, 56 Stat. 614.
June 30, 1941, ch. 262, 55 Stat. 371.
June 13, 1940, ch. 343, 54 Stat. 356.
Apr. 26, 1939, ch. 88, 53 Stat. 598.
June 11, 1938, ch. 347, 52 Stat. 647.
July 1, 1937, ch. 423, 50 Stat. 448.
[§491. Renumbered §431]
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section 491 of this title, which related to benefits for certain members assigned to the Defense Intelligence Agency, was originally section 431 of this title and was transferred to chapter 8 of this title by Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, and renumbered section 491 of this title by Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(h)(2), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1955. Section 491 was repealed by Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title VI, §604(a), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1767. The section was revived to read as it did immediately before its repeal and renumbered section 431 of this title by Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title VI, §615(a), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2624. The section was transferred to its original location in Chapter 7 of this title to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Prior Provisions
Provisions similar to section 491 were contained in section 192 of Title 10, Armed Forces, prior to enactment of section 491 by Pub. L. 99–145.
Section 492, added Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title VI, §615(a)(1), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3879, §431; renumbered §432, Pub. L. 100–26, §8(b)(1), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 285; amended Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title IX, §931(c), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1200; renumbered §492 and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(30), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1464, related to travel of a member under competent orders as an escort for the member's dependent who is incapable of traveling alone because of age, mental or physical incapacity, or other extraordinary circumstances.
Section 494, added Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title VI, §623(a)(1), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2422, §434; renumbered §494 and amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(d)(2), (e)(31), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1460, 1464, related to cost of subsistence incurred by the member while performing duties as an escort or member of an arms control inspection team of a foreign country while engaged in activities related to the implementation of an arms control treaty or agreement.
[§495. Renumbered §435]