SUBTITLE III—GENERAL AND INTERMODAL PROGRAMS

        

        

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title I, §21202(c), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 676, added item for chapter 67. Item was conformed to the style of this analysis and starting section number was supplied editorially.

2015—Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VI, §6019(c), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1581, added second item for chapter 63 and item for chapter 65.

2012—Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52011(c)(2), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 895, added first item for chapter 63.

2005—Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3002(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1545, substituted "Public" for "Mass" in item for chapter 53.

1998—Pub. L. 105–178, title VII, §7302(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 482, added item for chapter 61.

¹ So in original. Two items for chapter 63 have been enacted.

² Editorially supplied.

³ See 2021 Amendment note below.

CHAPTER 51—TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL

        

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2012—Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title III, §33007(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 836, added item 5118.

2005—Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §§7111, 7115(a)(2), (h), 7123(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1899, 1901, 1908, struck out item 5111 "Rail tank cars", substituted "Special permits and exclusions" for "Exemptions and exclusions" in item 5117, struck out item 5118 "Inspectors", added items 5127 and 5128, and struck out former item 5127 "Authorization of appropriations".

2001—Pub. L. 107–56, title X, §1012(a)(2), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 397, added item 5103a.

§5101. Purpose

The purpose of this chapter is to protect against the risks to life, property, and the environment that are inherent in the transportation of hazardous material in intrastate, interstate, and foreign commerce.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 759; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §7101(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1891.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5101	49 App.:1801.	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §102, 88 Stat. 2156.

The words "It is declared to be the policy of Congress", "the Nation", and "which are" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2005—Pub. L. 109–59 substituted "The purpose of this chapter is to protect against the risks to life, property, and the environment that are inherent in the transportation of hazardous material in intrastate, interstate, and foreign commerce" for "The purpose of this chapter is to provide adequate protection against the risks to life and property inherent in the transportation of hazardous material in commerce by improving the regulatory and enforcement authority of the Secretary of Transportation".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title of 2015 Amendment

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3001, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1446, provided that: "This title [amending sections 5302 to 5304, 5307, 5309 to 5312, 5314, 5315, 5323, 5325, 5327, 5329, 5336 to 5340, and 10501 of this title and sections 5313 and 5314 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, repealing sections 5313, 5319, and 5322 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under 5309, 5310, 5325, 5329, 5338 of this title, section 5313 of Title 5, and section 12143 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending provisions set out as a note under sections 5303 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 5309 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015'."

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VII, §7001, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1588, provided that: "This title [amending sections 5103, 5107 to 5109, 5116, 5117, 5121, and 5128 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 5103, 5116, 20103, 20141, 20155, and 31305 of this title] may be cited as the 'Hazardous Materials Transportation Safety Improvement Act of 2015'."

Short Title of 2012 Amendment

Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20001, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 622, provided that: "This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012'."

Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title III, §33001, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 832, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Hazardous Materials Transportation Safety Improvement Act of 2012'."

Short Title of 2005 Amendment

Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3001, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1544, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Federal Public Transportation Act of 2005'."

Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §7001, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1891, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Hazardous Materials Transportation Safety and Security Reauthorization Act of 2005'."

Short Title of 1998 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3001, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 338, provided that: "This title [amending sections 5302 to 5305, 5307 to 5315, 5317 to 5320, 5323, 5325 to 5328, and 5333 to 5338 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 301, 5301, 5307 to 5310, 5323, 5336, and 5338 of this title and sections 138 and 322 of Title 23, Highways] may be cited as the 'Federal Transit Act of 1998'."

Short Title of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–291, title II, §201, Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3453, provided that: "This title [enacting section 5908 of this title and amending sections 5901 to 5903 and 5905 to 5907 of this title] may be cited as the 'Intermodal Safe Container Transportation Amendments Act of 1996'."

Short Title of 1994 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–311, title I, §101, Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1673, provided that: "This title [amending sections 5102 to 5104, 5107, 5108, 5110, 5116, 5117, 5121, and 5125 to 5127 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 5103, 5112, and 5121 of this title, and section 307 of Title 23, Highways] may be cited as the 'Hazardous Materials Transportation Authorization Act of 1994'."

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of duties, powers, and authority of Research and Special Programs Administration under this chapter to the Administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 108–426, set out as a note under section 108 of this title.

Findings

Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §7101(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1891, provided that: "Congress finds with respect to hazardous materials transportation that—

"(1) approximately 4,000,000,000 tons of regulated hazardous materials are transported each year and approximately 1,200,000 movements of hazardous materials occur each day, according to Department of Transportation estimates;

"(2) the movement of hazardous materials in commerce is necessary to maintain economic vitality and meet consumer demands and must be conducted in a safe, secure, and efficient manner;

"(3) accidents involving, or unauthorized access to, hazardous materials in transportation may result in a release of such materials and pose a serious threat to public health and safety;

"(4) because of the potential risks to life, property, and the environment posed by unintentional releases of hazardous materials, consistency in laws and regulations governing the transportation of hazardous materials is necessary and desirable; and

"(5) in order to provide reasonable, adequate, and cost-effective protection from the risks posed by the transportation of hazardous materials, a network of well-trained State and local emergency response personnel and hazmat employees is essential."

Buy American

Pub. L. 103–311, title I, §123, Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1682, provided that:

"(a) Compliance With Buy American Act.—None of the funds made available under this title [see Short Title of 1994 Amendment note above] may be expended in violation of sections 2 through 4 of the Act of March 3, 1933 ([former] 41 U.S.C. 10a–10c; popularly known as the 'Buy American Act' [see 41 U.S.C. 8301 et seq.]), which are applicable to those funds.

"(b) Sense of Congress; Requirement Regarding Notice.—

"(1) In the case of any equipment or products that may be authorized to be purchased with financial assistance provided under this title, it is the sense of Congress that entities receiving such assistance should, in expending such assistance, purchase only American-made equipment and products.

"(2) In providing financial assistance under this title, the Secretary of Transportation shall provide to each recipient of the assistance a notice describing the statement made in paragraph (1) by Congress.

"(c) Prohibition of Contracts.—If it has been finally determined by a court or Federal agency that any person intentionally affixed a label bearing a 'Made in America' inscription, or any inscription with the same meaning, to any product sold in or shipped to the United States that is not made in the United States, such person shall be ineligible to receive any contract or subcontract made with funds provided pursuant to this title, pursuant to the debarment, suspension, and ineligibility procedures described in sections 9.400 through 9.409 of title 48, Code of Federal Regulations.

"(d) Reciprocity.—

"(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), no contract or subcontract may be made with funds authorized under this title to a company organized under the laws of a foreign country unless the Secretary of Transportation finds that such country affords comparable opportunities to companies organized under laws of the United States.

"(2)(A) The Secretary of Transportation may waive the provisions of paragraph (1) if the products or services required are not reasonably available from companies organized under the laws of the United States. Any such waiver shall be reported to Congress.

"(B) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to the extent that to do so would violate the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or any other international agreement to which the United States is a party."

"Secretary" Defined

Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title III, §33002, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 832, provided that: "In this title [see Tables for classification], the term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of Transportation."

§5102. Definitions

In this chapter—

(1) "commerce" means trade or transportation in the jurisdiction of the United States—

(A) between a place in a State and a place outside of the State;

(B) that affects trade or transportation between a place in a State and a place outside of the State; or

(C) on a United States-registered aircraft.

(2) "hazardous material" means a substance or material the Secretary designates under section 5103(a) of this title.

(3) "hazmat employee"—

(A) means an individual—

(i) who—

(I) is employed on a full time, part time, or temporary basis by a hazmat employer; or

(II) is self-employed (including an owner-operator of a motor vehicle, vessel, or aircraft) transporting hazardous material in commerce; and

(ii) who during the course of such full time, part time, or temporary employment, or such self employment, directly affects hazardous material transportation safety as the Secretary decides by regulation; and

(B) includes an individual, employed on a full time, part time, or temporary basis by a hazmat employer, or self employed, who during the course of employment—

(i) loads, unloads, or handles hazardous material;

(ii) designs, manufactures, fabricates, inspects, marks, maintains, reconditions, repairs, or tests a package, container, or packaging component that is represented, marked, certified, or sold as qualified for use in transporting hazardous material in commerce;

(iii) prepares hazardous material for transportation;

(iv) is responsible for the safety of transporting hazardous material; or

(v) operates a vehicle used to transport hazardous material.

(4) "hazmat employer"—

(A) means a person—

(i) who—

(I) employs or uses at least 1 hazmat employee on a full time, part time, or temporary basis; or

(II) is self-employed (including an owner-operator of a motor vehicle, vessel, or aircraft) transporting hazardous material in commerce; and

(ii) who—

(I) transports hazardous material in commerce;

(II) causes hazardous material to be transported in commerce; or

(III) designs, manufactures, fabricates, inspects, marks, maintains, reconditions, repairs, or tests a package, container, or packaging component that is represented, marked, certified, or sold as qualified for use in transporting hazardous material in commerce; and

(B) includes a department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government, or an authority of a State, political subdivision of a State, or Indian tribe, carrying out an activity described in clause (ii).

(5) "imminent hazard" means the existence of a condition relating to hazardous material that presents a substantial likelihood that death, serious illness, severe personal injury, or a substantial endangerment to health, property, or the environment may occur before the reasonably foreseeable completion date of a formal proceeding begun to lessen the risk of that death, illness, injury, or endangerment.

(6) "Indian tribe" has the same meaning given that term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450b).¹

(7) "motor carrier"—

(A) means a motor carrier, motor private carrier, and freight forwarder as those terms are defined in section 13102; but

(B) does not include a freight forwarder, as so defined, if the freight forwarder is not performing a function relating to highway transportation.

(8) "National Response Team" means the National Response Team established under the National Contingency Plan established under section 105 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. 9605).

(9) "person", in addition to its meaning under section 1 of title 1—

(A) includes a government, Indian tribe, or authority of a government or tribe that—

(i) offers hazardous material for transportation in commerce;

(ii) transports hazardous material to further a commercial enterprise; or

(iii) designs, manufactures, fabricates, inspects, marks, maintains, reconditions, repairs, or tests a package, container, or packaging component that is represented, marked, certified, or sold as qualified for use in transporting hazardous material in commerce; but

(B) does not include—

(i) the United States Postal Service; and

(ii) in sections 5123 and 5124 of this title, a department, agency, or instrumentality of the Government.

(10) "public sector employee"—

(A) means an individual employed by a State, political subdivision of a State, or Indian tribe and who during the course of employment has responsibilities related to responding to an accident or incident involving the transportation of hazardous material;

(B) includes an individual employed by a State, political subdivision of a State, or Indian tribe as a firefighter or law enforcement officer; and

(C) includes an individual who volunteers to serve as a firefighter for a State, political subdivision of a State, or Indian tribe.

(11) "Secretary" means the Secretary of Transportation except as otherwise provided.

(12) "State" means—

(A) except in section 5119 of this title, a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and any other territory or possession of the United States designated by the Secretary; and

(B) in section 5119 of this title, a State of the United States and the District of Columbia.

(13) "transports" or "transportation" means the movement of property and loading, unloading, or storage incidental to the movement.

(14) "United States" means all of the States.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 759; Pub. L. 103–311, title I, §117(a)(1), Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1678; Pub. L. 104–88, title III, §308(d), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 947; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §§7102, 7126, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1892, 1909; Pub. L. 110–244, title III, §302(a), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1618.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5102(1)	49 App.:1802(1)–(3), (13).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §103, 88 Stat. 2156; restated Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §3(a), 104 Stat. 3245; Oct. 24, 1992, Pub. L. 102–508, §§501, 502, 106 Stat. 3311.
5102(2)	49 App.:1802(4).
5102(3)	49 App.:1802(5).
5102(4)	49 App.:1802(6).
5102(5)	49 App.:1802(7).
5102(6)	49 App.:1802(8).
5102(7)	49 App.:1802(9).
5102(8)	49 App.:1802(10).
5102(9)	49 App.:1802(11).
5102(10)	49 App.:1802(12).
5102(11)	49 App.:1802(14).
5102(12)	49 App.:1802(15).
5102(13)	49 App.:1802(16).

In this chapter, the words "or shipped" are omitted as being included in "transported".

In clause (1), before subclause (A), the text of 49 App.:1802(1), (3), and (13) is omitted because the complete names of the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and Secretary of Transportation are used the first time the terms appear in a section. The words "traffic, commerce" are omitted as surplus. In subclause (B), the words "between a place in a State and a place outside of the State" are substituted for "described in clause (A)" for clarity.

In clauses (3)(C) and (10)(B), the words "at a minimum" are omitted as surplus.

In clause (5), the words "administrative hearing or other" are omitted as surplus.

In clause (9), before subclause (A), the words "including any trustee, receiver, assignee, or similar representative thereof" are omitted as surplus.

In clause (12), the words "by any mode" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450b), referred to in par. (6), is section 4 of Pub. L. 93–638, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2204, which was classified to section 450b of Title 25, Indians, prior to editorial reclassification as section 5304 of Title 25.

Amendments

2008—Par. (3). Pub. L. 110–244 amended Pub. L. 109–59, §7102(2). See 2005 Amendment notes below.

2005—Par. (1)(C). Pub. L. 109–59, §7102(1), added subpar. (C).

Par. (2). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation".

Par. (3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 109–59, §7102(2)(A), as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, §302(a)(1), (2), added cl. (i) and struck out former cl. (i) which read as follows: "employed by a hazmat employer; and".

Par. (3)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 109–59, §7102(2)(B), as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, §302(a)(1), (3), substituted "course of such full time, part time, or temporary employment, or such self employment," for "course of employment" and inserted "and" at end.

Par. (3)(B). Pub. L. 109–59, §7102(2)(D)(i), as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, §302(a)(1), substituted "employed on a full time, part time, or temporary basis by a hazmat employer, or self employed," for "employed by a hazmat employer," in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–59, §7102(2)(C), as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, §302(a)(1), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "includes an owner-operator of a motor vehicle transporting hazardous material in commerce; and".

Par. (3)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 109–59, §7102(2)(D)(ii), as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, §302(a)(1), added cl. (ii) and struck out former cl. (ii) which read as follows: "manufactures, reconditions, or tests containers, drums, and packagings represented as qualified for use in transporting hazardous material;".

Par. (3)(C). Pub. L. 109–59, §7102(2)(C), as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, §302(a)(1), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B).

Par. (4). Pub. L. 109–59, §7102(3), amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) consisted of subpars. (A) to (C), which included within definition of "hazmat employer" a person using at least one employee in connection with transporting or containers for transporting hazardous material, an owner-operator of a motor vehicle transporting hazardous material in commerce, and a department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government, or an authority of a State, political subdivision of a State, or Indian tribe, carrying out certain described activities.

Par. (5). Pub. L. 109–59, §7102(4), inserted "relating to hazardous material" after "of a condition".

Par. (7). Pub. L. 109–59, §7102(5), amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (7) read as follows: " 'motor carrier' means a motor carrier, motor private carrier, and freight forwarder as those terms are defined in section 13102 of this title."

Par. (8). Pub. L. 109–59, §7102(6), substituted "National Response Team" for "national response team" in two places and "National Contingency Plan" for "national contingency plan".

Par. (9)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §7102(7), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: "includes a government, Indian tribe, or authority of a government or tribe offering hazardous material for transportation in commerce or transporting hazardous material to further a commercial enterprise; but".

Pars. (11) to (14). Pub. L. 109–59, §7102(8), added par. (11) and redesignated former pars. (11) to (13) as (12) to (14), respectively.

1995—Par. (7). Pub. L. 104–88 substituted "motor carrier, motor private" for "motor common carrier, motor contract carrier, motor private" and "section 13102" for "section 10102".

1994—Pars. (3)(C)(ii), (4)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 103–311 substituted "packagings" for "packages".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–244 effective as of the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59 (Aug. 10, 2005) and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 109–59 as of that date, and provisions of Pub. L. 109–59, as in effect on the day before June 6, 2008, that are amended by Pub. L. 110–244 to be treated as not enacted, see section 121(b) of Pub. L. 110–244, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

¹ See References in Text note below.

§5103. General regulatory authority

(a) Designating Material as Hazardous.—The Secretary shall designate material (including an explosive, radioactive material, infectious substance, flammable or combustible liquid, solid, or gas, toxic, oxidizing, or corrosive material, and compressed gas) or a group or class of material as hazardous when the Secretary determines that transporting the material in commerce in a particular amount and form may pose an unreasonable risk to health and safety or property.

(b) Regulations for Safe Transportation.—(1) The Secretary shall prescribe regulations for the safe transportation, including security, of hazardous material in intrastate, interstate, and foreign commerce. The regulations—

(A) apply to a person who—

(i) transports hazardous material in commerce;

(ii) causes hazardous material to be transported in commerce;

(iii) designs, manufactures, fabricates, inspects, marks, maintains, reconditions, repairs, or tests a package, container, or packaging component that is represented, marked, certified, or sold as qualified for use in transporting hazardous material in commerce;

(iv) prepares or accepts hazardous material for transportation in commerce;

(v) is responsible for the safety of transporting hazardous material in commerce;

(vi) certifies compliance with any requirement under this chapter; or

(vii) misrepresents whether such person is engaged in any activity under clause (i) through (vi); and

(B) shall govern safety aspects, including security, of the transportation of hazardous material the Secretary considers appropriate.

(2) A proceeding to prescribe the regulations must be conducted under section 553 of title 5, including an opportunity for informal oral presentation.

(c) Federally Declared Disasters and Emergencies.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary may by order waive compliance with any part of an applicable standard prescribed under this chapter without prior notice and comment and on terms the Secretary considers appropriate if the Secretary determines that—

(A) it is in the public interest to grant the waiver;

(B) the waiver is not inconsistent with the safety of transporting hazardous materials; and

(C) the waiver is necessary to facilitate the safe movement of hazardous materials into, from, and within an area of a major disaster or emergency that has been declared under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.).

(2) Period of waiver.—A waiver under this subsection may be issued for a period of not more than 60 days and may be renewed upon application to the Secretary only after notice and an opportunity for a hearing on the waiver. The Secretary shall immediately revoke the waiver if continuation of the waiver would not be consistent with the goals and objectives of this chapter.

(3) Statement of reasons.—The Secretary shall include in any order issued under this section the reasons for granting the waiver.

(d) Consultation.—When prescribing a security regulation or issuing a security order that affects the safety of the transportation of hazardous material, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall consult with the Secretary of Transportation.

(e) Biennial Report.—The Secretary of Transportation shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation a biennial report providing information on whether the Secretary has designated as hazardous materials for purposes of chapter 51 of such title all by-products of the methamphetamine-production process that are known by the Secretary to pose an unreasonable risk to health and safety or property when transported in commerce in a particular amount and form.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 761; Pub. L. 103–311, title I, §117(a)(2), Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1678; Pub. L. 103–429, §6(3), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4378; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, §1711(a), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2319; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §§7103, 7126, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1893, 1909; Pub. L. 109–177, title VII, §741, Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 272; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VII, §7201, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1589.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5103(a)	49 App.:1803.	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §104, 88 Stat. 2156.
5103(b)	49 App.:1804(a) (1)–(3).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §105(a)(1)–(3), 88 Stat. 2157; restated Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §4, 104 Stat. 3247.

In subsection (a), the words "such quantity and form of material" and "in his discretion" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(1), before clause (A), the words "in accordance with section 553 of title 5" are omitted because 5:553 applies unless otherwise stated. In clause (A)(i), the words "hazardous material in commerce", and in clause (A)(ii), the words "hazardous material . . . in commerce", are added for consistency in this chapter.

Pub. L. 103–429

This amends 49:5103(b)(2) to clarify the restatement of 49 App.:1804(a)(2) by section 1 of the Act of July 5, 1994 (Public Law 103–272, 108 Stat. 761).

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(C), is Pub. L. 93–288, May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 143, which is classified principally to chapter 68 (§5121 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5121 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

2015—Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 114–94 added subsec. (c) and redesignated former subsecs. (c) and (d) as (d) and (e), respectively.

2006—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–177 added subsec. (d).

2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary shall designate" for "Secretary of Transportation shall designate".

Pub. L. 109–59, §7103(a), substituted "infectious substance, flammable or combustible liquid, solid, or gas, toxic, oxidizing, or corrosive material," for "etiologic agent, flammable or combustible liquid or solid, poison, oxidizing or corrosive material," and "determines" for "decides".

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §7103(b), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: "apply to a person—

"(i) transporting hazardous material in commerce;

"(ii) causing hazardous material to be transported in commerce; or

"(iii) manufacturing, fabricating, marking, maintaining, reconditioning, repairing, or testing a packaging or a container that is represented, marked, certified, or sold by that person as qualified for use in transporting hazardous material in commerce; and".

Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 109–59, §7103(c)(1), struck out heading and text of subpar. (C). Text read as follows: "When prescribing a security regulation or issuing a security order that affects the safety of the transportation of hazardous material, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall consult with the Secretary."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §7103(c)(2), added subsec. (c).

2002—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 107–296, §1711(a)(1), substituted "transportation, including security," for "transportation" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 107–296, §1711(a)(2), substituted "aspects, including security," for "aspects".

Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 107–296, §1711(a)(3), added subpar. (C).

1994—Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 103–311 substituted "a packaging or a" for "a package or".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 103–429 substituted "be conducted under section 553 of title 5, including" for "include" and "presentation" for "presentations".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–429 effective July 5, 1994, see section 9 of Pub. L. 103–429, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.

GAO Study on Acceptance of Classification Examinations

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VII, §7207, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1592, provided that:

"(a) In General.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 2015], the Comptroller General of the United States shall evaluate and transmit to the Secretary [of Transportation], the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, a report on the standards, metrics, and protocols that the Secretary uses to regulate the performance of persons approved to recommend hazard classifications pursuant to section 173.56(b) of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (commonly referred to as 'third-party labs').

"(b) Evaluation.—The evaluation required under subsection (a) shall—

"(1) identify what standards and protocols are used to approve such persons, assess the adequacy of such standards and protocols to ensure that persons seeking approval are qualified and capable of performing classifications, and make recommendations to address any deficiencies identified;

"(2) assess the adequacy of the Secretary's oversight of persons approved to perform the classifications, including the qualification of individuals engaged in the oversight of approved persons, and make recommendations to enhance oversight sufficiently to ensure that classifications are issued as required;

"(3) identify what standards and protocols exist to rescind, suspend, or deny approval of persons who perform such classifications, assess the adequacy of such standards and protocols, and make recommendations to enhance such standards and protocols if necessary; and

"(4) include annual data for fiscal years 2005 through 2015 on the number of applications received for new classifications pursuant to section 173.56(b) of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, of those applications how many classifications recommended by persons approved by the Secretary were changed to another classification and the reasons for the change, and how many hazardous materials incidents have been attributed to a classification recommended by such approved persons in the United States.

"(c) Action Plan.—Not later than 180 days after receiving the report required under subsection (a), the Secretary shall make available to the public a plan describing any actions the Secretary will take to establish standards, metrics, and protocols based on the findings and recommendations in the report to ensure that persons approved to perform classification examinations required under section 173.56(b) of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, can sufficiently perform such examinations in a manner that meets the hazardous materials regulations.

"(d) Regulations.—If the report required under subsection (a) recommends new regulations in order for the Secretary to have confidence in the accuracy of classification recommendations rendered by persons approved to perform classification examinations required under section 173.56(b) of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, the Secretary shall consider such recommendations, and if determined appropriate, issue regulations to address the recommendations not later than 18 months after the date of the publication of the plan under subsection (c)."

Railroad Carrier Employee Exposure to Radiation Study

Pub. L. 110–432, div. A, title IV, §411, Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4888, provided that:

"(a) Study.—The Secretary of Transportation shall, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Labor, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, as appropriate, conduct a study of the potential hazards to which employees of railroad carriers and railroad contractors or subcontractors are exposed during the transportation of high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel (as defined in section 5101(a) [probably means section 5105(a)] of title 49, United States Code), supplementing the report submitted under section 5101(b) [probably means section 5105(b)] of that title, which may include—

"(1) an analysis of the potential application of 'as low as reasonably achievable' principles for exposure to radiation to such employees with an emphasis on the need for special protection from radiation exposure for such employees during the first trimester of pregnancy or who are undergoing or have recently undergone radiation therapy;

"(2) the feasibility of requiring real-time dosimetry monitoring for such employees;

"(3) the feasibility of requiring routine radiation exposure monitoring in fixed railroad locations, such as yards and repair facilities; and

"(4) a review of the effectiveness of the Department's packaging requirements for radioactive materials.

"(b) Report.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 16, 2008], the Secretary of Transportation shall transmit a report on the results of the study required by subsection (a) and any recommendations to further protect employees of a railroad carrier or of a contractor or subcontractor to a railroad carrier from unsafe exposure to radiation during the transportation of high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the House of Representatives Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.

"(c) Regulatory Authority.—The Secretary of Transportation may issue regulations that the Secretary determines appropriate, pursuant to the report required by subsection (b), to protect railroad employees from unsafe exposure to radiation during the transportation of radioactive materials."

[For definitions of "railroad carrier", "Department", "railroad", and "Secretary", as used in section 411 of Pub. L. 110–432, set out above, see section 2(a) of Pub. L. 110–432, set out as a note under section 20102 of this title.]

Safe Placement of Train Cars

Pub. L. 103–311, title I, §111, Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1676, provided that: "The Secretary of Transportation shall conduct a study of existing practices regarding the placement of cars on trains, with particular attention to the placement of cars that carry hazardous materials. In conducting the study, the Secretary shall consider whether such placement practices increase the risk of derailment, hazardous materials spills, or tank ruptures or have any other adverse effect on safety. The results of the study shall be submitted to Congress within 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 26, 1994]."

Fiber Drum Packaging

Pub. L. 104–88, title IV, §406, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 957, provided that:

"(a) In General.—In the administration of chapter 51 of title 49, United States Code, the Secretary of Transportation shall issue a final rule within 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 1995] authorizing the continued use of fiber drum packaging with a removable head for the transportation of liquid hazardous materials with respect to those liquid hazardous materials transported by such drums pursuant to regulations in effect on September 30, 1991, if—

"(1) the packaging is in compliance with regulations of the Secretary under the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act [former 49 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.] as in effect on September 30, 1991; and

"(2) the packaging will not be used for the transportation of hazardous materials that include materials which are poisonous by inhalation or materials in Packing Groups I and II.

"(b) Expiration.—The regulation referred to in subsection (a) shall expire on the later of September 30, 1997, or the date on which funds are authorized to be appropriated to carry out chapter 51 of title 49, United States Code (relating to transportation of hazardous materials), for fiscal years beginning after September 30, 1997.

"(c) Study.—

"(1) In general.—Within 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 1995], the Secretary shall contract with the National Academy of Sciences to conduct a study—

"(A) to determine whether the requirements of section 5103(b) of title 49, United States Code (relating to regulations for safe transportation), as they pertain to fiber drum packaging with a removable head can be met for the transportation of liquid hazardous materials (with respect to those liquid hazardous materials transported by such drums pursuant to regulations in effect on September 30, 1991) with standards (including fiber drum industry standards set forth in a June 8, 1992, exemption application submitted to the Department of Transportation), other than the performance-oriented packaging standards adopted under docket number HM–181 contained in part 178 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations; and

"(B) to determine whether a packaging standard (including such fiber drum industry standards), other than such performance-oriented packaging standards, will provide an equal or greater level of safety for the transportation of liquid hazardous materials than would be provided if such performance-oriented packaging standards were in effect.

"(2) Completion.—The study shall be completed before March 1, 1997 and shall be transmitted to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee of the House of Representatives.

"(d) Secretarial Action.—By September 30, 1997, the Secretary shall issue final regulations to determine what standards should apply to fiber drum packaging with a removable head for transportation of liquid hazardous materials (with respect to those liquid hazardous materials transported by such drums pursuant to regulations in effect on September 30, 1991) after September 30, 1997. In issuing such regulations, the Secretary shall give full and substantial consideration to the results of the study conducted in subsection (c)."

Pub. L. 103–311, title I, §122, Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1681, provided that:

"(a) Initiation of Rulemaking Proceeding.—Not later than the 60th day following the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 26, 1994], the Secretary of Transportation shall initiate a rulemaking proceeding to determine whether the requirements of section 5103(b) of title 49, United States Code (relating to regulations for safe transportation), as they pertain to open head fiber drum packaging can be met for the domestic transportation of liquid hazardous materials (with respect to those classifications of liquid hazardous materials transported by such drums pursuant to regulations in effect on September 30, 1991) with standards other than the performance-oriented packaging standards adopted under docket number HM–181 contained in part 178 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.

"(b) Issuance of Standards.—If the Secretary of Transportation determines, as a result of the rulemaking proceeding initiated under subsection (a), that a packaging standard other than the performance-oriented packaging standards referred to in subsection (a) will provide an equal or greater level of safety for the domestic transportation of liquid hazardous materials than would be provided if such performance-oriented packaging standards were in effect, the Secretary shall issue regulations which implement such other standard and which take effect before October 1, 1996.

"(c) Completion of Rulemaking Proceeding.—The rulemaking proceeding initiated under subsection (a) shall be completed before October 1, 1995.

"(d) Limitations.—

"(1) The provisions of subsections (a), (b), and (c) shall not apply to packaging for those hazardous materials regulated by the Department of Transportation as poisonous by inhalation under chapter 51 of title 49, United States Code.

"(2) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the Secretary of Transportation from issuing or enforcing regulations for the international transportation of hazardous materials."

§5103a. Limitation on issuance of hazmat licenses

(a) Limitation.—

(1) Issuance of licenses.—A State may not issue to any individual a license to operate a motor vehicle transporting in commerce a hazardous material unless—

(A) "the Secretary of Homeland Security"; ¹ has first determined, upon receipt of a notification under subsection (d)(1)(B), that the individual does not pose a security risk warranting denial of the license; or

(B) the individual holds a valid transportation security card issued under section 70105 of title 46.

(2) Renewals included.—For the purposes of this section, the term "issue", with respect to a license, includes renewal of the license.

(b) Hazardous Materials Described.—The limitation in subsection (a) shall apply with respect to any material defined as hazardous material by the Secretary of Transportation for which the Secretary of Transportation requires placarding of a commercial motor vehicle transporting that material in commerce.

(c) Recommendations on Chemical and Biological Materials.—The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall recommend to the Secretary of Transportation any chemical or biological material or agent for regulation as a hazardous material under section 5103(a) if the Secretary of Health and Human Services determines that such material or agent poses a significant risk to the health of individuals.

(d) Background Records Check.—

(1) In general.—Upon the request of a State regarding issuance of a license under subsection (a)(1)(A) to an individual, the Attorney General—

(A) shall carry out a background records check regarding the individual; and

(B) upon completing the background records check, shall notify the Secretary of Homeland Security of the completion and results of the background records check.

(2) Scope.—A background records check regarding an individual under this subsection shall consist of the following:

(A) A check of the relevant criminal history data bases.

(B) In the case of an alien, a check of the relevant data bases to determine the status of the alien under the immigration laws of the United States.

(C) As appropriate, a check of the relevant international data bases through Interpol–U.S. National Central Bureau or other appropriate means.

(e) Reporting Requirement.—Each State shall submit to the Secretary of Homeland Security, at such time and in such manner as the Secretary of Homeland Security may prescribe, the name, address, and such other information as the Secretary of Homeland Security may require, concerning—

(1) each alien to whom the State issues a license described in subsection (a); and

(2) each other individual to whom such a license is issued, as the Secretary of Homeland Security may require.

(f) Alien Defined.—In this section, the term "alien" has the meaning given the term in section 101(a)(3) of the Immigration and Nationality Act.

(g) Background Checks for Drivers Hauling Hazardous Materials.—

(1) In general.—

(A) Employer notification.—Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Director of the Transportation Security Administration, after receiving comments from interested parties, shall develop and implement a process for notifying hazmat employers designated by an applicant of the results of the applicant's background record check, if—

(i) such notification is appropriate considering the potential security implications; and

(ii) the Director, in a final notification of threat assessment,² served on the applicant ² determines that the applicant does not meet the standards set forth in regulations issued to carry out this section.

(B) Relationship to other background records checks.—

(i) Elimination of redundant checks.—An individual with respect to whom the Transportation Security Administration—

(I) has performed a security threat assessment under this section; and

(II) has issued a final notification of no security threat,

 is deemed to have met the requirements of any other background check that is required for purposes of any Federal law applicable to transportation workers if that background check is equivalent to, or less stringent than, the background check required under this section.

(ii) Determination by director.—Not later than 60 days after the date of issuance of the report under paragraph (5), but no later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Director shall initiate a rulemaking proceeding, including notice and opportunity for comment, to determine which background checks required for purposes of Federal laws applicable to transportation workers are equivalent to, or less stringent than, those required under this section.

(iii) Future rulemakings.—The Director shall make a determination under the criteria established under clause (ii) with respect to any rulemaking proceeding to establish or modify required background checks for transportation workers initiated after the date of enactment of this subsection.

(2) Appeals process for more stringent state procedures.—If a State establishes its own standards for applicants for a hazardous materials endorsement to a commercial driver's license, the State shall also provide—

(A) an appeals process similar to and to the same extent as the process provided under part 1572 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, by which an applicant denied a hazardous materials endorsement to a commercial driver's license by that State may appeal that denial; and

(B) a waiver process similar to and to the same extent as the process provided under part 1572 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, by which an applicant denied a hazardous materials endorsement to a commercial driver's license by that State may apply for a waiver.

(3) Clarification of term defined in regulations.—The term "transportation security incident", as defined in part 1572 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, does not include a work stoppage or other nonviolent employee-related action resulting from an employer-employee dispute. Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Director shall modify the definition of that term to reflect the preceding sentence.

(4) Background check capacity.—Not later than October 1, 2005, the Director shall transmit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committees on Transportation and Infrastructure and Homeland Security of the House of Representatives a report on the implementation of fingerprint-based security threat assessments and the adequacy of fingerprinting locations, personnel, and resources to accomplish the timely processing of fingerprint-based security threat assessments for individuals holding commercial driver's licenses who are applying to renew hazardous materials endorsements.

(5) Report.—

(A) In general.—Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Director shall transmit to the committees referred to in paragraph (4) a report on the Director's plans to reduce or eliminate redundant background checks for holders of hazardous materials endorsements performed under this section.

(B) Contents.—The report shall—

(i) include a list of background checks and other security or threat assessment requirements applicable to transportation workers under Federal laws for which the Department of Homeland Security is responsible and the process by which the Secretary of Homeland Security will determine whether such checks or assessments are equivalent to, or less stringent than, the background check performed under this section; and

(ii) provide an analysis of how the Director plans to reduce or eliminate redundant background checks in a manner that will continue to ensure the highest level of safety and security.

(h) Commercial Motor Vehicle Operators Registered to Operate in Mexico or Canada.—

(1) In general.—Beginning on the date that is 6 months after the date of enactment of this subsection, a commercial motor vehicle operator registered to operate in Mexico or Canada shall not operate a commercial motor vehicle transporting a hazardous material in commerce in the United States until the operator has undergone a background records check similar to the background records check required for commercial motor vehicle operators licensed in the United States to transport hazardous materials in commerce.

(2) Extension.—The Director of the Transportation Security Administration may extend the deadline established by paragraph (1) for a period not to exceed 6 months if the Director determines that such an extension is necessary.

(3) Commercial motor vehicle defined.—In this subsection, the term "commercial motor vehicle" has the meaning given that term by section 31101.

(Added Pub. L. 107–56, title X, §1012(a)(1), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 396; amended Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §§7104, 7105, 7126, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1894, 1909; Pub. L. 110–53, title XV, §1556(a), Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 475; Pub. L. 110–244, title III, §302(b), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1618; Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, §1978, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3618.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

With respect to a "transportation security card issued under section 70105 of title 46", referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(B), amendments made by Pub. L. 117–263 to section 70105 of Title 46, Shipping, are such that section 70105 now refers to "transportation worker identification credential" rather than "transportation security card". See section 70105 of Title 46.

Section 101(a)(3) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, referred to in subsec. (f), is classified to section 1101(a)(3) of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.

The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsecs. (g) and (h), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 115–254, §1978(a), substituted "unless—" for "unless", "(A) 'the Secretary of Homeland Security';" for "the Secretary of Homeland Security", and "; or" for period at end and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 115–254, §1978(b), substituted "under subsection (a)(1)(A)" for "described in subsection (a)(1)" in introductory provisions.

2008—Subsec. (g)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 110–244 substituted "subsection" for "Act".

2007—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 110–53, §1556(a)(1), substituted "Secretary of Homeland Security" for "Secretary".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–53, §1556(a)(2), substituted "Secretary of Transportation" for "Secretary" in two places.

Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 110–53, §1556(a)(3), substituted "Secretary of Homeland Security" for "Secretary".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–53, §1556(a)(4), substituted "Secretary of Homeland Security" for "Secretary" wherever appearing.

2005—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation".

Pub. L. 109–59, §7104(c), substituted "subsection (d)(1)(B)," for "subsection (c)(1)(B),".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §7104(a), substituted "with respect to any material defined as hazardous material by the Secretary for which the Secretary requires placarding of a commercial motor vehicle transporting that material in commerce" for "with respect to—

"(1) any material defined as a hazardous material by the Secretary of Transportation; and

"(2) any chemical or biological material or agent determined by the Secretary of Health and Human Services or the Attorney General as being a threat to the national security of the United States".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §7104(b)(2), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–59, §7104(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "submit to the Secretary" for "submit to the Secretary of Transportation" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–59, §7104(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–59, §7104(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f).

Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 109–59, §7105, added subsecs. (g) and (h).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Authorization of Appropriations

Pub. L. 107–56, title X, §1012(c), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 398, provided that: "There is authorized to be appropriated for the Department of Transportation and the Department of Justice such amounts as may be necessary to carry out section 5103a of title 49, United States Code, as added by subsection (a)."

¹ So in original. The quotation marks and semicolon probably should not appear.

² So in original. Comma probably should appear after "applicant".

§5104. Representation and tampering

(a) Representation.—A person may represent, by marking or otherwise, that—

(1) a package, component of a package, or packaging for transporting hazardous material is safe, certified, or complies with this chapter only if the package, component of a package, or packaging meets the requirements of each applicable regulation prescribed under this chapter; or

(2) hazardous material is present in a package, container, motor vehicle, rail freight car, aircraft, or vessel only if the material is present.

(b) Tampering.—No person may alter, remove, destroy, or otherwise tamper unlawfully with—

(1) a marking, label, placard, or description on a document required under this chapter or a regulation prescribed under this chapter; or

(2) a package, component of a package, or packaging, container, motor vehicle, rail freight car, aircraft, or vessel used to transport hazardous material.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 761; Pub. L. 103–311, title I, §117(b), Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1678; Pub. L. 103–429, §6(4), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4378; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §7106, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1897.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5104(a)	49 App.:1804(e).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, 88 Stat. 2156, §105(e), (f); added Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §5, 104 Stat. 3252.
5104(b)	49 App.:1804(f).

In subsection (a)(1), the words "the requirements of" and "applicable" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b), before clause (1), the word "deface" is omitted as surplus.

Pub. L. 103–429

This amends 49:5104(a)(1) to clarify the restatement of 49 App.:1804(e)(1) by section 1 of the Act of July 5, 1994 (Public Law 103–272, 108 Stat. 761).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2005—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §7106(a), substituted "a package, component of a package, or packaging for" for "a container, package, or packaging (or a component of a container, package, or packaging) for" and "the package, component of a package, or packaging meets" for "the container, package, or packaging (or a component of a container, package, or packaging) meets".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §7106(b)(1), substituted "No person may" for "A person may not" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §7106(b)(2), inserted "component of a package, or packaging," after "package,".

1994—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 103–429 inserted "applicable" after "each".

Pub. L. 103–311 substituted ", package, or packaging (or a component of a container, package, or packaging)" for "or package" in two places.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–429 effective July 5, 1994, see section 9 of Pub. L. 103–429, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.

§5105. Transporting certain highly radioactive material

(a) Definitions.—In this section, "high-level radioactive waste" and "spent nuclear fuel" have the same meanings given those terms in section 2 of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 (42 U.S.C. 10101).

(b) Transportation Safety Study.—In consultation with the Secretary of Energy, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, potentially affected States and Indian tribes, representatives of the rail transportation industry, and shippers of high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel, the Secretary shall conduct a study comparing the safety of using trains operated only to transport high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel with the safety of using other methods of rail transportation for transporting that waste and fuel. The Secretary shall submit to Congress not later than November 16, 1991, a report on the results of the study.

(c) Safe Rail Transportation Regulations.—Not later than November 16, 1992, after considering the results of the study conducted under subsection (b) of this section, the Secretary shall prescribe amendments to existing regulations that the Secretary considers appropriate to provide for the safe rail transportation of high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel, including trains operated only for transporting high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel.

(d) Inspections of Motor Vehicles Transporting Certain Material.—(1) Not later than November 16, 1991, the Secretary shall require by regulation that before each use of a motor vehicle to transport a highway-route-controlled quantity of radioactive material in commerce, the vehicle shall be inspected and certified as complying with this chapter and applicable United States motor carrier safety laws and regulations. The Secretary may require that the inspection be carried out by an authorized United States Government inspector or according to appropriate State procedures.

(2) The Secretary may allow a person, transporting or causing to be transported a highway-route-controlled quantity of radioactive material, to inspect the motor vehicle used to transport the material and to certify that the vehicle complies with this chapter. The inspector qualification requirements the Secretary prescribes for an individual inspecting a motor vehicle apply to an individual conducting an inspection under this paragraph.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 762; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §§7107, 7126, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1897, 1909.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5105(a)	49 App.:1813(e).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, 88 Stat. 2156, §116(e); added Oct. 24, 1992, Pub. L. 102–508, §505(2), 106 Stat. 3311.
	49 App.:1813 (note).	Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §16(e), 104 Stat. 3263.
5105(b)	49 App.:1813(a).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, 88 Stat. 2156, §116(a)–(d); added Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98–559, §3, 98 Stat. 2907; restated Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §15, 104 Stat. 3261; Oct. 24, 1992, Pub. L. 102–508, §505(1), 106 Stat. 3311.
5105(c)	49 App.:1813(b).
5105(d)	49 App.:1813(c).
5105(e)	49 App.:1813(d).

In subsection (a), section 16(e) of the Hazardous Materials Transportation Uniform Safety Act of 1990 (Public Law 101–615, 104 Stat. 3263) is included to correct a mistake in the source provisions being restated. See section 16(a)(1) of the Act of 1990 (Public Law 101–615, 104 Stat. 3262), stating that the meanings of "high-level radioactive waste" and "spent nuclear fuel" are as defined in 49 App.:1813, as added by section 15 of the Act (104 Stat. 3261). See also Cong. Rec. S16863 (daily ed., Oct. 23, 1990).

In subsection (b), the words "Secretary of Energy" are substituted for "Department of Energy" because of 42:7131.

In subsection (c), the word "regulations" is substituted for "rule" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code and because "rule" and "regulation" are synonymous.

In subsection (d), before clause (1), the words "In combination" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2005—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary shall" for "Secretary of Transportation shall" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary shall" for "Secretary of Transportation shall" in par. (1) and "Secretary may" for "Secretary of Transportation may" in par. (2).

Pub. L. 109–59, §7107, redesignated subsec. (e) as (d) and struck out former subsec. (d) which related to a study to be conducted not later than Nov. 16, 1991, to decide which factors, if any, shippers and carriers should consider when selecting routes and modes that would enhance overall public safety related to the transportation of high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §7107(2), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d).

§5106. Handling criteria

The Secretary may prescribe criteria for handling hazardous material, including—

(1) a minimum number of personnel;

(2) minimum levels of training and qualifications for personnel;

(3) the kind and frequency of inspections;

(4) equipment for detecting, warning of, and controlling risks posed by the hazardous material;

(5) specifications for the use of equipment and facilities used in handling and transporting the hazardous material; and

(6) a system of monitoring safety procedures for transporting the hazardous material.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 763; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §7126, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1909.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5106	49 App.:1805(a).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §106(a), 88 Stat. 2157.

Before clause (1), the text of 49 App.:1805(a) (last sentence) is omitted as being included in "prescribe". In clause (4), the words "to be used" are omitted as surplus. In clause (6), the word "assurance" is omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2005—Pub. L. 109–59 substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation" in introductory provisions.

§5107. Hazmat employee training requirements and grants

(a) Training Requirements.—The Secretary shall prescribe by regulation requirements for training that a hazmat employer must give hazmat employees of the employer on the safe loading, unloading, handling, storing, and transporting of hazardous material and emergency preparedness for responding to an accident or incident involving the transportation of hazardous material. The regulations—

(1) shall establish the date, as provided by subsection (b) of this section, by which the training shall be completed; and

(2) may provide for different training for different classes or categories of hazardous material and hazmat employees.

(b) Beginning and Completing Training.—A hazmat employer shall begin the training of hazmat employees of the employer not later than 6 months after the Secretary prescribes the regulations under subsection (a) of this section. The training shall be completed within a reasonable period of time after—

(1) 6 months after the regulations are prescribed; or

(2) the date on which an individual is to begin carrying out a duty or power of a hazmat employee if the individual is employed as a hazmat employee after the 6-month period.

(c) Certification of Training.—After completing the training, each hazmat employer shall certify, with documentation the Secretary may require by regulation, that the hazmat employees of the employer have received training and have been tested on appropriate transportation areas of responsibility, including at least one of the following:

(1) recognizing and understanding the Department of Transportation hazardous material classification system.

(2) the use and limitations of the Department hazardous material placarding, labeling, and marking systems.

(3) general handling procedures, loading and unloading techniques, and strategies to reduce the probability of release or damage during or incidental to transporting hazardous material.

(4) health, safety, and risk factors associated with hazardous material and the transportation of hazardous material.

(5) appropriate emergency response and communication procedures for dealing with an accident or incident involving hazardous material transportation.

(6) the use of the Department Emergency Response Guidebook and recognition of its limitations or the use of equivalent documents and recognition of the limitations of those documents.

(7) applicable hazardous material transportation regulations.

(8) personal protection techniques.

(9) preparing a shipping document for transporting hazardous material.

(d) Coordination of Training Requirements.—In consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary shall ensure that the training requirements prescribed under this section do not conflict with or duplicate—

(1) the requirements of regulations the Secretary of Labor prescribes related to hazard communication, and hazardous waste operations, and emergency response that are contained in part 1910 of title 29, Code of Federal Regulations; and

(2) the regulations the Agency prescribes related to worker protection standards for hazardous waste operations that are contained in part 311 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations.

(e) Training Grants.—

(1) In general.—Subject to the availability of funds under section 5128(c), the Secretary shall make grants under this subsection—

(A) for training instructors to train hazmat employees; and

(B) to the extent determined appropriate by the Secretary, for such instructors to train hazmat employees.

(2) Eligibility.—A grant under this subsection shall be made through a competitive process to a nonprofit organization that demonstrates—

(A) expertise in conducting a training program for hazmat employees; and

(B) the ability to reach and involve in a training program a target population of hazmat employees.

(f) Training of Certain Employees.—The Secretary shall ensure that maintenance-of-way employees and railroad signalmen receive general awareness and familiarization training and safety training pursuant to section 172.704 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.

(g) Relationship to Other Laws.—(1) Chapter 35 of title 44 does not apply to an activity of the Secretary under subsections (a)–(d) of this section.

(2) An action of the Secretary under subsections (a)–(d) of this section and section 5106 is not an exercise, under section 4(b)(1) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 653(b)(1)), of statutory authority to prescribe or enforce standards or regulations affecting occupational safety or health.

(h) Existing Effort.—No grant under subsection (e) shall supplant or replace existing employer-provided hazardous materials training efforts or obligations.

(i) Community Safety Grants.—The Secretary shall establish a competitive program for making grants to nonprofit organizations for—

(1) conducting national outreach and training programs to assist communities in preparing for and responding to accidents and incidents involving the transportation of hazardous materials, including Class 3 flammable liquids by rail; and

(2) training State and local personnel responsible for enforcing the safe transportation of hazardous materials, including Class 3 flammable liquids.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 763; Pub. L. 103–311, title I, §§106, 119(c)(1)–(3), Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1674, 1680; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §§7108, 7126, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1897, 1909; Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title III, §33016, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 841; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VII, §7301, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1594.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5107(a)	49 App.:1805(b)(1), (2), (5) (1st sentence).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, 88 Stat. 2156, §106(b); added Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §7(3), 104 Stat. 3253.
5107(b)	49 App.:1805(b)(4), (5) (last sentence).
5107(c)	49 App.:1805(b)(6).
5107(d)	49 App.:1805(b)(3) (1st sentence).
5107(e)	49 App.:1816(a)–(c).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, 88 Stat. 2156, §118(a)–(c); added Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §18, 104 Stat. 3269.
5107(f)(1)	49 App.:1805(b)(7).
5107(f)(2)	49 App.:1805(b)(3) (last sentence).

In subsections (a)(1) and (b), before clause (1), the words "in order to comply with requirements established by such regulations" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "Within 18 months after November 16, 1990" are omitted as obsolete. In clause (1), the words "as provided by subsection (b) of this section" are added for clarity.

In subsection (b), before clause (1), the words "in accordance with the requirements established by such regulations" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c), before clause (1), the words "in accordance with the requirements established under this subsection" and "appropriate" before "documentation" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d), before clause (1), the words "take such actions as may be necessary to" are omitted as surplus. In clauses (1) and (2), the words "(and amendments thereto)" are omitted as surplus. In clause (1), the words "Secretary of Labor" are substituted for "Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the Department of Labor" because of 29:551.

In subsection (e), the words "and education" are omitted as being included in "training". Before clause (1), the words "regarding the safe loading, unloading, handling, storage, and transportation of hazardous materials and emergency preparedness for responding to accidents or incidents involving the transportation of hazardous materials in order to meet the requirements issued under section 1816(b) of this title may be made under this section" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (f)(1), the words "(relating to coordination of Federal information policy)" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 114–94 added subsec. (i).

2012—Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 112–141 inserted "through a competitive process" after "shall be made" and struck out "hazmat employee" after "nonprofit" in introductory provisions.

2005—Subsecs. (a) to (d). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation" in introductory provisions of subsecs. (a) to (c) and "Secretary shall" for "Secretary of Transportation shall" in introductory provisions of subsec. (d).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §7108(1), added subsec. (e) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (e). Text read as follows: "The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of funds under section 5127(c)(3), make grants for training instructors to train hazmat employees under this section. A grant under this subsection shall be made to a nonprofit hazmat employee organization that demonstrates—

"(1) expertise in conducting a training program for hazmat employees; and

"(2) the ability to reach and involve in a training program a target population of hazmat employees."

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–59, §7108(3), added subsec. (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–59, §7108(2), redesignated subsec. (f) as (g). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (h).

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation".

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation".

Pub. L. 109–59, §7108(4), substituted "section 5106" for "sections 5106, 5108(a)–(g)(1) and (h), and 5109 of this title".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 109–59, §7108(2), redesignated subsec. (g) as (h).

1994—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–311, §106, in introductory provisions inserted "or duplicate" after "conflict with" and in par. (1) substituted "hazard communication, and hazardous waste operations, and" for "hazardous waste operations and".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–311, §119(c)(1), (2), in first sentence substituted "The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of funds under section 5127(c)(3), make grants for training instructors to train hazmat employees under this section." for "In consultation with the Secretaries of Transportation and Labor and the Administrator, the Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences may make grants to train hazmat employees under this section." and in second sentence inserted "hazmat employee" after "nonprofit".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 103–311, §119(c)(3), added subsec. (g).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

§5108. Registration

(a) Persons Required to File.—(1) A person shall file a registration statement with the Secretary under this subsection if the person is transporting or causing to be transported in commerce any of the following:

(A) a highway-route-controlled quantity of radioactive material.

(B) more than 25 kilograms of a Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 explosive material in a motor vehicle, rail car, or transport container.

(C) more than one liter in each package of a hazardous material the Secretary designates as extremely toxic by inhalation.

(D) hazardous material in a bulk packaging, container, or tank, as defined by the Secretary, if the bulk packaging, container, or tank has a capacity of at least 3,500 gallons or more than 468 cubic feet.

(E) a shipment of at least 5,000 pounds (except in a bulk packaging) of a class of hazardous material for which placarding of a vehicle, rail car, or freight container is required under regulations prescribed under this chapter.

(2) The Secretary may require any of the following persons to file a registration statement with the Secretary under this subsection:

(A) a person transporting or causing to be transported hazardous material in commerce and not required to file a registration statement under paragraph (1) of this subsection.

(B) a person designing, manufacturing, fabricating, inspecting, marking, maintaining, reconditioning, repairing, or testing a package, container, or packaging component that is represented, marked, certified, or sold as qualified for use in transporting hazardous material in commerce.

(3) A person required to file a registration statement under this subsection may transport or cause to be transported, or design, manufacture, fabricate, inspect, mark, maintain, recondition, repair, or test a package, container packaging component, or container for use in transporting, hazardous material, only if the person has a statement on file as required by this subsection.

(4) The Secretary may waive the filing of a registration statement, or the payment of a fee, required under this subsection, or both, for any person not domiciled in the United States who solely offers hazardous materials for transportation to the United States from a place outside the United States if the country of which such person is a domiciliary does not require persons domiciled in the United States who solely offer hazardous materials for transportation to the foreign country from places in the United States to file registration statements, or to pay fees, for making such an offer.

(b) Form, Contents, and Limitation on Filings.—(1) A registration statement under subsection (a) of this section shall be in the form and contain information the Secretary requires by regulation. The Secretary may use existing forms of the Department of Transportation and the Environmental Protection Agency to carry out this subsection. The statement shall include—

(A) the name and principal place of business of the registrant;

(B) a description of each activity the registrant carries out for which filing a statement under subsection (a) of this section is required; and

(C) each State in which the person carries out any of the activities.

(2) A person carrying out more than one activity, or an activity at more than one location, for which filing is required only has to file one registration statement to comply with subsection (a) of this section.

(c) Filing.—Each person required to file a registration statement under subsection (a) shall file the statement in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary.

(d) Simplifying the Registration Process.—The Secretary may take necessary action to simplify the registration process under subsections (a)–(c) of this section and to minimize the number of applications, documents, and other information a person is required to file under this chapter and other laws of the United States.

(e) Cooperation With Administrator.—The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall assist the Secretary in carrying out subsections (a)–(g)(1) and (h) of this section by providing the Secretary with information the Secretary requests to carry out the objectives of subsections (a)–(g)(1) and (h).

(f) Availability of Statements.—The Secretary shall make a registration statement filed under subsection (a) of this section available for inspection by any person for a fee the Secretary establishes. However, this subsection does not require the release of information described in section 552(b) of title 5 or otherwise protected by law from disclosure to the public.

(g) Fees.—(1) The Secretary shall establish, impose, and collect from a person required to file a registration statement under subsection (a) of this section a fee necessary to pay for the costs of the Secretary in processing the statement.

(2)(A) In addition to a fee established under paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Secretary shall establish and impose by regulation and collect an annual fee. Subject to subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, the fee shall be at least $250 but not more than $3,000 from each person required to file a registration statement under this section. The Secretary shall determine the amount of the fee under this paragraph on at least one of the following:

(i) gross revenue from transporting hazardous material.

(ii) the type of hazardous material transported or caused to be transported.

(iii) the amount of hazardous material transported or caused to be transported.

(iv) the number of shipments of hazardous material.

(v) the number of activities that the person carries out for which filing a registration statement is required under this section.

(vi) the threat to property, individuals, and the environment from an accident or incident involving the hazardous material transported or caused to be transported.

(vii) the percentage of gross revenue derived from transporting hazardous material.

(viii) the amount to be made available to carry out sections 5108(g)(2), 5115, and 5116 of this title.

(ix) other factors the Secretary considers appropriate.

(B) The Secretary shall adjust the amount being collected under this paragraph to reflect any unexpended balance in the account established under section 5116(h) of this title. However, the Secretary is not required to refund any fee collected under this paragraph.

(C) The Secretary shall transfer to the Secretary of the Treasury amounts the Secretary of Transportation collects under this paragraph for deposit in the Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness Fund established under section 5116(h) of this title.

(3) Fees on exempt persons.—Notwithstanding subsection (a)(4), the Secretary shall impose and collect a fee of $25 from a person who is required to register under this section but who is otherwise exempted by the Secretary from paying any fee under this section. The fee shall be used to pay the costs incurred by the Secretary in processing registration statements filed by such persons.

(h) Maintaining Proof of Filing and Payment of Fees.—The Secretary may prescribe regulations requiring a person required to file a registration statement under subsection (a) of this section to maintain proof of the filing and payment of fees imposed under subsection (g) of this section.

(i) Relationship to Other Laws.—(1) Chapter 35 of title 44 does not apply to an activity of the Secretary under subsections (a)–(g)(1) and (h) of this section.

(2)(A) This section does not apply to an employee of a hazmat employer.

(B) Subsections (a)–(h) of this section do not apply to a department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government, an authority of a State or political subdivision of a State, an Indian tribe, or an employee of a department, agency, instrumentality, or authority carrying out official duties.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 765; Pub. L. 103–311, title I, §§104, 117(a)(3), 119(d)(1), Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1673, 1678, 1680; Pub. L. 105–102, §2(3), Nov. 20, 1997, 111 Stat. 2204; Pub. L. 105–225, §7(b)(1), Aug. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1511; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §§7109(a)–(c), (e), (f), 7114(d)(3), 7126, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1897, 1898, 1900, 1909; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VII, §7203(b)(1), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1591.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5108(a)(1)	49 App.:1805(c)(1).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, 88 Stat. 2156, §106(c); added Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §8(a), 104 Stat. 3255; Oct. 24, 1992, Pub. L. 102–508, §503(a)(1)–(3), (b), 106 Stat. 3311.
5108(a)(2)	49 App.:1805(c)(3).
5108(a)(3)	49 App.:1805(c)(4).
5108(b)	49 App.:1805(c)(7), (8).
5108(c)	49 App.:1805(c)(5), (6).
5108(d)	49 App.:1805(c)(9).
5108(e)	49 App.:1805(c)(2).
5108(f)	49 App.:1805(c)(10).
5108(g)(1)	49 App.:1805(c)(11).
5108(g)(2)	49 App.:1815(h) (1)–(5).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, 88 Stat. 2156, §117A(h)(1)– (5); added Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §17, 104 Stat. 3267.
5108(h)	49 App.:1805(c)(12).
5108(i)	49 App.:1805(c) (13)–(15).

In subsection (b)(1), before clause (A), the words "at a minimum" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d), the words "streamline and", "with respect to a person who is required to file a registration statement under this subsection", and "with the Department of Transportation" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (g), the word "impose" is substituted for "assess" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

In subsection (g)(2)(A), before clause (i), the words "Not later than September 30, 1992" are omitted as obsolete. In clause (viii), the words "of funds" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (g)(2)(B), the words "of fees" and "from persons" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (i)(1), the words "(relating to coordination of Federal information policy)" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (i)(2)(A), the words "Notwithstanding any other provisions of this subsection" are omitted as surplus.

Pub. L. 105–102

This amends 49:5108(f) to correct an erroneous cross-reference.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (g)(2)(B), (C). Pub. L. 114–94 substituted "5116(h)" for "5116(i)".

2005—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 109–59, §7109(a)(1), substituted "Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 explosive material" for "class A or B explosive".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary may" for "Secretary of Transportation may" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 109–59, §7109(a)(2), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: "a person manufacturing, fabricating, marking, maintaining, reconditioning, repairing, or testing a package or container the person represents, marks, certifies, or sells for use in transporting in commerce hazardous material the Secretary designates."

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §7109(a)(3), substituted "design, manufacture, fabricate, inspect, mark, maintain, recondition, repair, or test a package, container packaging component, or" for "manufacture, fabricate, mark, maintain, recondition, repair, or test a package or".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary requires" for "Secretary of Transportation requires" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 109–59, §7109(b), substituted "any of the activities" for "the activity".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §7109(c), amended heading and text of subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(1) Each person required to file a registration statement under subsection (a) of this section must file the first statement not later than March 31, 1992. The Secretary of Transportation may extend that date to September 30, 1992, for activities referred to in subsection (a)(1) of this section. A person shall renew the statement periodically consistent with regulations the Secretary prescribes, but not more than once each year and not less than once every 5 years.

"(2) The Secretary of Transportation shall decide by regulation when and under what circumstances a registration statement must be amended and the procedures to follow in amending the statement."

Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation" in subsec. (d), "Secretary in carrying" for "Secretary of Transportation in carrying" in subsec. (e), and "Secretary shall" for "Secretary of Transportation shall" in subsec. (f).

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary shall" for "Secretary of Transportation shall".

Pub. L. 109–59, §7109(f)(1), substituted "shall" for "may".

Subsec. (g)(2)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary shall establish" for "Secretary of Transportation shall establish" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–59, §7109(f)(2), substituted "$3,000" for "$5,000" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (g)(2)(B). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary shall" for "Secretary of Transportation shall".

Subsec. (g)(2)(C). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary shall" for "Secretary of Transportation shall".

Pub. L. 109–59, §7114(d)(3), substituted "the Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness Fund established" for "the account the Secretary of the Treasury establishes".

Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §7109(f)(3), added par. (3).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation".

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation".

Subsec. (i)(2)(B). Pub. L. 109–59, §7109(e), inserted "an Indian tribe," after "subdivision of a State,".

1998—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–225 substituted "section 552(b)" for "section 552(f)".

1997—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–102 which directed substitution of "section 552(b)" for "section 522(f)" could not be executed because "section 522(f)" did not appear.

1994—Subsec. (a)(1)(D). Pub. L. 103–311, §117(a)(3), substituted "a bulk packaging" for "a bulk package" and "the bulk packaging" for "the package".

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 103–311, §104, added par. (4).

Subsec. (g)(2)(A)(viii). Pub. L. 103–311, §119(d)(1), struck out "5107(e)," before "5108(g)(2)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Registration

Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §7109(d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1898, provided that: "As soon as practicable, the Administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration shall transmit to the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration hazardous material registrant information obtained before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 10, 2005] under section 5108 of title 49, United States Code, together with any Department of Transportation identification number for each registrant."

§5109. Motor carrier safety permits

(a) Requirement.—A motor carrier may transport or cause to be transported by motor vehicle in commerce hazardous material only if the carrier holds a safety permit the Secretary issues under this section authorizing the transportation and keeps a copy of the permit, or other proof of its existence, in the vehicle. The Secretary shall issue a permit if the Secretary finds the carrier is fit, willing, and able—

(1) to provide the transportation to be authorized by the permit;

(2) to comply with this chapter and regulations the Secretary prescribes to carry out this chapter; and

(3) to comply with applicable United States motor carrier safety laws and regulations and applicable minimum financial responsibility laws and regulations.

(b) Applicable Transportation.—The Secretary shall prescribe by regulation the hazardous material and amounts of hazardous material to which this section applies. However, this section shall apply at least to transportation by a motor carrier, in amounts the Secretary establishes, of—

(1) a class A or B explosive;

(2) liquefied natural gas;

(3) hazardous material the Secretary designates as extremely toxic by inhalation; and

(4) a highway-route-controlled quantity of radioactive material, as defined by the Secretary.

(c) Applications.—A motor carrier shall file an application with the Secretary for a safety permit to provide transportation under this section. The Secretary may approve any part of the application or deny the application. The application shall be under oath and contain information the Secretary requires by regulation.

(d) Amendments, Suspensions, and Revocations.—(1) After notice and an opportunity for a hearing, the Secretary may amend, suspend, or revoke a safety permit, as provided by procedures prescribed under subsection (e) of this section, when the Secretary decides the motor carrier is not complying with a requirement of this chapter, a regulation prescribed under this chapter, or an applicable United States motor carrier safety law or regulation or minimum financial responsibility law or regulation.

(2) If the Secretary decides an imminent hazard exists, the Secretary may amend, suspend, or revoke a permit before scheduling a hearing.

(e) Procedures.—The Secretary shall prescribe by regulation—

(1) application procedures, including form, content, and fees necessary to recover the complete cost of carrying out this section;

(2) standards for deciding the duration, terms, and limitations of a safety permit;

(3) procedures to amend, suspend, or revoke a permit; and

(4) other procedures the Secretary considers appropriate to carry out this section.

(f) Shipper Responsibility.—A person offering hazardous material for motor vehicle transportation in commerce may offer the material to a motor carrier only if the carrier has a safety permit issued under this section authorizing the transportation.

(g) Conditions.—A motor carrier may provide transportation under a safety permit issued under this section only if the carrier complies with conditions the Secretary finds are required to protect public safety.

(h) Limitation on Denial.—The Secretary may not deny a non-temporary permit held by a motor carrier pursuant to this section based on a comprehensive review of that carrier triggered by safety management system scores or out-of-service disqualification standards, unless—

(1) the carrier has the opportunity, prior to the denial of such permit, to submit a written description of corrective actions taken and other documentation the carrier wishes the Secretary to consider, including a corrective action plan; and

(2) the Secretary determines the actions or plan is insufficient to address the safety concerns identified during the course of the comprehensive review.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 767; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §7126, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1909; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VII, §7202, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1589.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5109(a)	49 App.:1805(d)(1), (2).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, 88 Stat. 2156, §106(d); added Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §8(a), 104 Stat. 3257; Oct. 24, 1992, Pub. L. 102–508, §503(a)(4), (5), (b), 106 Stat. 3311.
5109(b)	49 App.:1805(d)(5).
5109(c)	49 App.:1805(d)(7).
5109(d)	49 App.:1805(d)(4).
5109(e)	49 App.:1805(d)(6).
5109(f)	49 App.:1805(d)(3).
5109(g)	49 App.:1805(d)(8).
5109(h)	49 App.:1805 (note).	Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §8(b), 104 Stat. 3258.

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "Except as provided in this subsection" and "used to provide such transportation" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b), before clause (1), the word "all" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (e)(2), the word "conditions" is omitted as being included in "terms".

In subsection (h), the text of section 8(b) (words before semicolon of the Hazardous Materials Transportation Uniform Safety Act of 1990 (Public Law 101–615, 104 Stat. 3258) is omitted as obsolete.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 114–94 amended subsec. (h) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary shall prescribe regulations necessary to carry out this section not later than November 16, 1991."

2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59 substituted "Secretary issues" for "Secretary of Transportation issues" in introductory provisions.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Motor Carrier Safety Permits

Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title III, §33014, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 840, provided that:

"(a) Review.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of Title 23, Highways], the Secretary [of Transportation] shall conduct a study of, and transmit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report on, the implementation of the hazardous material safety permit program under section 5109 of title 49, United States Code. In conducting the study, the Secretary shall review, at a minimum—

"(1) the list of hazardous materials requiring a safety permit;

"(2) the number of permits that have been issued, denied, revoked, or suspended since inception of the program and the number of commercial motor carriers that have never had a permit denied, revoked, or suspended since inception of the program;

"(3) the reasons for such denials, revocations, or suspensions;

"(4) the criteria used by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration to determine whether a hazardous material safety permit issued by a State is equivalent to the Federal permit; and

"(5) actions the Secretary could implement to improve the program, including whether to provide opportunities for an additional level of fitness review prior to the denial, revocation, or suspension of a safety permit.

"(b) Actions Taken.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, based on the study conducted under subsection (a), the Secretary shall either institute a rulemaking to make any necessary improvements to the hazardous materials safety permit program under section 5109 of title 49, United States Code or publish in the Federal Register the Secretary's justification for why a rulemaking is not necessary."

§5110. Shipping papers and disclosure

(a) Providing Shipping Papers.—Each person offering for transportation in commerce hazardous material to which the shipping paper requirements of the Secretary apply shall provide to the carrier providing the transportation a shipping paper that makes the disclosures the Secretary prescribes in regulations.

(b) Keeping Shipping Papers on the Vehicle.—(1) A motor carrier, and the person offering the hazardous material for transportation if a private motor carrier, shall keep the shipping paper on the vehicle transporting the material.

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (1) of this subsection, the shipping paper shall be kept in a location the Secretary specifies in a motor vehicle, train, vessel, aircraft, or facility until—

(A) the hazardous material no longer is in transportation; or

(B) the documents are made available to a representative of a department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government or a State or local authority responding to an accident or incident involving the motor vehicle, train, vessel, aircraft, or facility.

(c) Disclosure to Emergency Response Authorities.—When an incident involving hazardous material being transported in commerce occurs, the person transporting the material, immediately on request of appropriate emergency response authorities, shall disclose to the authorities information about the material.

(d) Retention of Papers.—

(1) Offerors.—The person who provides the shipping paper under this section shall retain the paper, or an electronic format of it, for a period of 2 years after the date that the shipping paper is provided to the carrier, with the paper or electronic format to be accessible through the offeror's principal place of business.

(2) Carriers.—The carrier required to keep the shipping paper under this section,¹ shall retain the paper, or an electronic format of it, for a period of 1 year after the date that the shipping paper is provided to the carrier, with the paper or electronic format to be accessible through the carrier's principal place of business.

(3) Availability to government agencies.—Any person required to keep a shipping paper under this subsection shall, upon request, make it available to a Federal, State, or local government agency at reasonable times and locations.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 768; Pub. L. 103–311, title I, §115, Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1678; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §§7110, 7126, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1898, 1909; Pub. L. 110–244, title III, §302(i), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1618.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5110(a)	49 App.:1804(g)(1) (1st sentence words before "for the carrier").	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, 88 Stat. 2156, §105(g); added Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §6, 104 Stat. 3253.
5110(b)	49 App.:1804(g)(2).
5110(c)	49 App.:1804(g)(1) (1st sentence words after "paragraph (2)", last sentence), (3).
5110(d)	49 App.:1804(g)(4).

In subsection (c)(1), the words "A motor carrier" are substituted for "the carrier" for clarity.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 110–244, §302(i)(2), substituted "offeror's" for "shipper's".

Pub. L. 110–244, §302(i)(1), which directed substitution of "Offerors" for "Shippers" "in the subsection heading", was executed by making the substitution in par. (1) heading to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary apply" for "Secretary of Transportation apply".

Pub. L. 109–59, §7110(a)(1), substituted "in regulations" for "under subsection (b) of this section".

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §7110(a)(2), (3), redesignated subsecs. (c) and (d) as (b) and (c), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to considerations and requirements in carrying out subsec. (a).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–59, §7110(b), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "After the hazardous material to which a shipping paper provided to a carrier under subsection (a) applies is no longer in transportation, the person who provided the shipping paper and the carrier required to maintain it under subsection (a) shall retain the paper or electronic image thereof for a period of 1 year to be accessible through their respective principal places of business. Such person and carrier shall, upon request, make the shipping paper available to a Federal, State, or local government agency at reasonable times and locations."

Pub. L. 109–59, §7110(a)(3), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (c).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §7110(a)(3), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d).

1994—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–311 added subsec. (e).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Improvements to Hazardous Materials Identification Systems

Pub. L. 101–615, §25, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3273, provided that:

"(a) Rulemaking Proceeding.—

"(1) Initiation.—In order to develop methods of improving the current system of identifying hazardous materials being transported in vehicles for safeguarding the health and safety of persons responding to emergencies involving such hazardous materials and the public and to facilitate the review and reporting process required by subsection (d), the Secretary of Transportation shall initiate a rulemaking proceeding not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 16, 1990].

"(2) Primary purposes.—The primary purposes of the rulemaking proceeding initiated under this subsection are—

"(A) to determine methods of improving the current system of placarding vehicles transporting hazardous materials; and

"(B) to determine methods for establishing and operating a central reporting system and computerized telecommunications data center described in subsection (b)(1).

"(3) Methods of improving placarding system.—The methods of improving the current system of placarding to be considered under the rulemaking proceeding initiated under this subsection shall include methods to make such placards more visible, methods to reduce the number of improper and missing placards, alternative methods of marking vehicles for the purpose of identifying the hazardous materials being transported, methods of modifying the composition of placards in order to ensure their resistance to flammability, methods of improving the coding system used with respect to such placards, identification of appropriate emergency response procedures through symbols on placards, and whether or not telephone numbers of any continually monitored telephone systems which are established under the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act [see 49 U.S.C. 5101 et seq.] are displayed on vehicles transporting hazardous materials.

"(4) Completion of rulemaking proceeding with respect to reporting system and data center.—Not later than 19 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 16, 1990], the Secretary of Transportation shall complete the rulemaking proceeding initiated with respect to the central reporting system and computerized telecommunications data center described in subsection (b).

"(5) Final rule with respect to placarding.—Not later than 30 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall issue a final rule relating to improving the current system for placarding vehicles transporting hazardous materials.

"(b) Central Reporting System and Computerized Telecommunications Data Center Study.—

"(1) Arrangements with national academy of sciences.—Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 16, 1990], the Secretary of Transportation shall undertake to enter into appropriate arrangements with the National Academy of Sciences to conduct a study of the feasibility and necessity of establishing and operating a central reporting system and computerized telecommunications data center that is capable of receiving, storing, and retrieving data concerning all daily shipments of hazardous materials, that can identify hazardous materials being transported by any mode of transportation, and that can provide information to facilitate responses to accidents and incidents involving the transportation of hazardous materials.

"(2) Consultation and report.—In entering into any arrangements with the National Academy of Sciences for conducting the study under this section, the Secretary of Transportation shall request the National Academy of Sciences—

"(A) to consult with the Department of Transportation, the Department of Health and Human Services, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, shippers and carriers of hazardous materials, manufacturers of computerized telecommunications systems, State and local emergency preparedness organizations (including law enforcement and firefighting organizations), and appropriate international organizations in conducting such study; and

"(B) to submit, not later than 19 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, to the Secretary, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, and the Committees on Energy and Commerce and Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives a report on the results of such study.

Such report shall include recommendations of the National Academy of Sciences with respect to establishment and operation of a central reporting system and computerized telecommunications data center described in paragraph (1).

"(3) Authorization of appropriation.—In addition to amounts authorized under section 115 of the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act [see 49 U.S.C. 5127(a)], there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Transportation to carry out this subsection $350,000.

"(c) Additional Purposes of Rulemaking Proceeding and Study.—Additional purposes of the rulemaking proceeding initiated under subsection (a) with respect to a central reporting system and computerized telecommunications data center described in subsection (b) and the study conducted under subsection (b) are—

"(1) to determine whether such a system and center should be established and operated by the United States Government or by a private entity, either on its own initiative or under contract with the United States;

"(2) to determine, on an annualized basis, the estimated cost for establishing, operating, and maintaining such a system and center and for carrier and shipper compliance with such a system;

"(3) to determine methods for financing the cost of establishing, operating, and maintaining such a system and center;

"(4) to determine projected safety benefits of establishing and operating such a system and center;

"(5) to determine whether or not shippers, carriers, and handlers of hazardous materials, in addition to law enforcement officials and persons responsible for responding to emergencies involving hazardous materials, should have access to such system for obtaining information concerning shipments of hazardous materials and technical and other information and advice with respect to such emergencies;

"(6) to determine methods for ensuring the security of the information and data stored in such a system;

"(7) to determine types of hazardous materials and types of shipments for which information and data should be stored in such a system;

"(8) to determine the degree of liability of the operator of such a system and center for providing incorrect, false, or misleading information;

"(9) to determine deadlines by which shippers, carriers, and handlers of hazardous materials should be required to submit information to the operator of such a system and center and minimum standards relating to the form and contents of such information;

"(10) to determine measures (including the imposition of civil and criminal penalties) for ensuring compliance with the deadlines and standards referred to in paragraph (9); and

"(11) to determine methods for accessing such a system through mobile satellite service or other technologies having the capability to provide 2-way voice, data, or facsimile services.

"(d) Review and Report to Congress.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 25 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 16, 1990], the Secretary of Transportation shall review the report of the National Academy of Sciences submitted under subsection (b) and the results of rulemaking proceeding initiated under subsection (a) with respect to a central reporting system and computerized telecommunications data center and shall prepare and submit to Congress a report summarizing the report of the National Academy of Sciences and the results of such rulemaking proceeding, together with the Secretary's recommendations concerning the establishment and operation of such a system and center and the Secretary's recommendations concerning implementation of the recommendations contained in the report of the National Academy of Sciences.

"(2) Weight to be given to recommendations of nas.—In conducting the review and preparing the report under this subsection, the Secretary shall give substantial weight to the recommendations contained in the report of the National Academy of Sciences submitted under subsection (b).

"(3) Inclusion of reasons for not following recommendations.—If the Secretary does not include in the report prepared for submission to Congress under this subsection a recommendation for implementation of a recommendation contained in the report of the National Academy of Sciences submitted under subsection (b), the Secretary shall include in the report to Congress under this subsection the Secretary's reasons for not recommending implementation of the recommendation of the National Academy of Sciences."

Continually Monitored Telephone Systems

Pub. L. 101–615, §26, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3273, provided that:

"(a) Rulemaking Proceeding.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 16, 1990], the Secretary of Transportation shall initiate a rulemaking proceeding on the feasibility, necessity, and safety benefits of requiring carriers involved in the hazardous materials transportation industry to establish continually monitored telephone systems equipped to provide emergency response information and assistance with respect to accidents and incidents involving hazardous materials. Additional objectives of such proceeding shall be to determine which hazardous materials, if any, should be covered by such a requirement and which segments of such industry (including persons who own and operate motor vehicles, trains, vessels, aircraft, and in-transit storage facilities) should be covered by such a requirement.

"(b) Completion of Proceeding.—Not later than 30 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 16, 1990], the Secretary of Transportation shall complete the proceeding under this section and may issue a final rule relating to establishment of continually monitored telephone systems described in subsection (a)."

¹ So in original. Comma probably should not appear.

[§5111. Repealed. Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §7111, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1899]

Section, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 769, related to use of rail tank cars built before Jan. 1, 1971, to transport hazardous material in commerce.

§5112. Highway routing of hazardous material

(a) Application.—(1) This section applies to a motor vehicle only if the vehicle is transporting hazardous material in commerce for which placarding of the vehicle is required under regulations prescribed under this chapter. However, the Secretary by regulation may extend application of this section or a standard prescribed under subsection (b) of this section to—

(A) any use of a vehicle under this paragraph to transport any hazardous material in commerce; and

(B) any motor vehicle used to transport hazardous material in commerce.

(2) Except as provided by subsection (d) of this section and section 5125(c) of this title, each State and Indian tribe may establish, maintain, and enforce—

(A) designations of specific highway routes over which hazardous material may and may not be transported by motor vehicle; and

(B) limitations and requirements related to highway routing.

(b) Standards for States and Indian Tribes.—(1) The Secretary, in consultation with the States, shall prescribe by regulation standards for States and Indian tribes to use in carrying out subsection (a) of this section. The standards shall include—

(A) a requirement that a highway routing designation, limitation, or requirement of a State or Indian tribe shall enhance public safety in the area subject to the jurisdiction of the State or tribe and in areas of the United States not subject to the jurisdiction of the State or tribe and directly affected by the designation, limitation, or requirement;

(B) minimum procedural requirements to ensure public participation when the State or Indian tribe is establishing a highway routing designation, limitation, or requirement;

(C) a requirement that, in establishing a highway routing designation, limitation, or requirement, a State or Indian tribe consult with appropriate State, local, and tribal officials having jurisdiction over areas of the United States not subject to the jurisdiction of that State or tribe establishing the designation, limitation, or requirement and with affected industries;

(D) a requirement that a highway routing designation, limitation, or requirement of a State or Indian tribe shall ensure through highway routing for the transportation of hazardous material between adjacent areas;

(E) a requirement that a highway routing designation, limitation, or requirement of one State or Indian tribe affecting the transportation of hazardous material in another State or tribe may be established, maintained, and enforced by the State or tribe establishing the designation, limitation, or requirement only if—

(i) the designation, limitation, or requirement is agreed to by the other State or tribe within a reasonable period or is approved by the Secretary under subsection (d) of this section; and

(ii) the designation, limitation, or requirement is not an unreasonable burden on commerce;

(F) a requirement that establishing a highway routing designation, limitation, or requirement of a State or Indian tribe be completed in a timely way;

(G) a requirement that a highway routing designation, limitation, or requirement of a State or Indian tribe provide reasonable routes for motor vehicles transporting hazardous material to reach terminals, facilities for food, fuel, repairs, and rest, and places to load and unload hazardous material;

(H) a requirement that a State be responsible—

(i) for ensuring that political subdivisions of the State comply with standards prescribed under this subsection in establishing, maintaining, and enforcing a highway routing designation, limitation, or requirement; and

(ii) for resolving a dispute between political subdivisions; and

(I) a requirement that, in carrying out subsection (a) of this section, a State or Indian tribe shall consider—

(i) population densities;

(ii) the types of highways;

(iii) the types and amounts of hazardous material;

(iv) emergency response capabilities;

(v) the results of consulting with affected persons;

(vi) exposure and other risk factors;

(vii) terrain considerations;

(viii) the continuity of routes;

(ix) alternative routes;

(x) the effects on commerce;

(xi) delays in transportation; and

(xii) other factors the Secretary considers appropriate.

(2) The Secretary may not assign a specific weight that a State or Indian tribe shall use when considering the factors under paragraph (1)(I) of this subsection.

(c) List of Route Designations.—

(1) In general.—In coordination with the States, the Secretary shall update and publish periodically a list of currently effective hazardous material highway route designations.

(2) State responsibilities.—

(A) In general.—Each State shall submit to the Secretary, in a form and manner to be determined by the Secretary and in accordance with subparagraph (B)—

(i) the name of the State agency responsible for hazardous material highway route designations; and

(ii) a list of the State's currently effective hazardous material highway route designations.

(B) Frequency.—Each State shall submit the information described in subparagraph (A)(ii)—

(i) at least once every 2 years; and

(ii) not later than 60 days after a hazardous material highway route designation is established, amended, or discontinued.

(d) Dispute Resolution.—(1) The Secretary shall prescribe regulations for resolving a dispute related to through highway routing or to an agreement with a proposed highway route designation, limitation, or requirement between or among States, political subdivisions of different States, or Indian tribes.

(2) A State or Indian tribe involved in a dispute under this subsection may petition the Secretary to resolve the dispute. The Secretary shall resolve the dispute not later than one year after receiving the petition. The resolution shall provide the greatest level of highway safety without being an unreasonable burden on commerce and shall ensure compliance with standards prescribed under subsection (b) of this section.

(3)(A) After a petition is filed under this subsection, a civil action about the subject matter of the dispute may be brought in a court only after the earlier of—

(i) the day the Secretary issues a final decision; or

(ii) the last day of the one-year period beginning on the day the Secretary receives the petition.

(B) A State or Indian tribe adversely affected by a decision of the Secretary under this subsection may bring a civil action for judicial review of the decision in an appropriate district court of the United States not later than 89 days after the day the decision becomes final.

(e) Relationship to Other Laws.—This section and regulations prescribed under this section do not affect sections 31111 and 31113 of this title or section 127 of title 23.

(f) Existing Radioactive Material Routing Regulations.—The Secretary is not required to amend or again prescribe regulations related to highway routing designations over which radioactive material may and may not be transported by motor vehicles, and limitations and requirements related to the routing, that were in effect on November 16, 1990.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 769; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §7126, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1909; Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title III, §33013(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 839.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5112(a)(1)	49 App.:1804(b)(7).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §105(b)(1)–(3), (5)–(9), (c), 88 Stat. 2157; restated Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §4, 104 Stat. 3248, 3251.
5112(a)(2)	49 App.:1804(b)(1).
5112(b)(1)	49 App.:1804(b)(2), (3).
5112(b)(2)	49 App.:1804(b)(9).
5112(c)	49 App.:1804(c).
5112(d)	49 App.:1804(b)(5).
5112(e)	49 App.:1804(b)(6).
5112(f)	49 App.:1804(b)(8).

In subsection (a)(1), the words "in the area which is subject to the jurisdiction of such State or Indian tribe" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(1), before clause (A), the words "Not later than 18 months after November 16, 1990" are omitted as obsolete. In clause (H)(i), the words "prescribed under this subsection" are added for clarity.

In subsection (d)(1), the words "within 18 months of November 16, 1990" are omitted as obsolete. The words "over a matter" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d)(3), the word "civil" is added for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

In subsection (e), the words "superseding or otherwise", "application of", "relating to vehicle weight limitations", and "relating to vehicle length and vehicle width limitations, respectively" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (f), the word "modify" is omitted as surplus and for consistency in the revised title. The words "issued by the Department of Transportation before November 16, 1990, and" are omitted as obsolete.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2012—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 112–141 designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, and added par. (2).

2005—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–59 substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation" in introductory provisions.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Study of Hazardous Materials Transportation by Motor Carriers Near Federal Prisons

Pub. L. 103–311, title I, §121, Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1681, directed Secretary of Transportation to submit to Congress, not later than 1 year after Aug. 26, 1994, report on results of study to determine safety considerations of transporting hazardous materials by motor carriers in close proximity to Federal prisons, particularly those housing maximum security prisoners, which was to include evaluation of ability of such facilities and designated local planning agencies to safely evacuate such prisoners in event of emergency and any special training, equipment, or personnel that would be required by such facility and designated local emergency planning agencies to carry out such evacuation.

§5113. Unsatisfactory safety rating

A violation of section 31144(c)(3) shall be considered a violation of this chapter, and shall be subject to the penalties in sections 5123 and 5124.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 771; Pub. L. 105–178, title IV, §4009(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 407; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §7112(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1899.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5113(a)	49 App.:1814(a).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, 88 Stat. 2156, §117; added Nov. 3, 1990, Pub. L. 101–500, §15(b)(1), 104 Stat. 1218.
5113(b)	49 App.:1814(b).
5113(c)	49 App.:1814(c).
5113(d)	49 App.:2501 (note).	Nov. 3, 1990, Pub. L. 101–500, §15(b)(2), 104 Stat. 1219.

In subsections (a) and (c), the words "individuals" is substituted for "passengers, including the driver" for clarity and consistency.

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "Effective January 1, 1991" are omitted as obsolete. The words "to take such action as may be necessary " are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b), the words "from the Secretary" and "conditions and other" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d), the words "Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act" are omitted as obsolete.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2005—Pub. L. 109–59 amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "See section 31144."

1998—Pub. L. 105–178 substituted "See section 31144." for subsecs. (a) to (d) which related to unsatisfactory safety ratings.

§5114. Air transportation of ionizing radiation material

(a) Transporting in Air Commerce.—Material that emits ionizing radiation spontaneously may be transported on a passenger-carrying aircraft in air commerce (as defined in section 40102(a) of this title) only if the material is intended for a use in, or incident to, research or medical diagnosis or treatment and does not present an unreasonable hazard to health and safety when being prepared for, and during, transportation.

(b) Procedures.—The Secretary shall prescribe procedures for monitoring and enforcing regulations prescribed under this section.

(c) Nonapplication.—This section does not apply to material the Secretary decides does not pose a significant hazard to health or safety when transported because of its low order of radioactivity.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 772; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §7126, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1909.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5114(a)	49 App.:1807(a) (1st, 2d sentences), (b) (1st sentence).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §108, 88 Stat. 2159; Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §10, 104 Stat. 3259.
5114(b)	49 App.:1807(a) (last sentence).
5114(c)	49 App.:1807(b) (last sentence).

In subsection (a), the text of 49 App.:1807(a) (1st sentence) is omitted as executed. The words "or combination of materials" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b), the words "further" and "effective" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2005—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59 substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation".

§5115. Training curriculum for the public sector

(a) In General.—In coordination with the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Secretaries of Labor, Energy, and Health and Human Services, and the Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and using existing coordinating mechanisms of the National Response Team and, for radioactive material, the Federal Radiological Preparedness Coordinating Committee, the Secretary of Transportation shall maintain, and update periodically, a current curriculum of courses, including online curriculum as appropriate, necessary to train public sector emergency response and preparedness teams in matters relating to the transportation of hazardous material. Only in developing the curriculum, the Secretary of Transportation shall consult with regional response teams established under the national contingency plan established under section 105 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. 9605), representatives of commissions established under section 301 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986 (42 U.S.C. 11001), persons (including governmental entities) that provide training for responding to accidents and incidents involving the transportation of hazardous material, and representatives of persons that respond to those accidents and incidents.

(b) Requirements.—The curriculum maintained and updated under subsection (a) of this section—

(1) shall include—

(A) a recommended course of study to train public sector employees to respond to an accident or incident involving the transportation of hazardous material and to plan for those responses;

(B) recommended courses and minimum number of hours of instruction necessary for public sector employees to be able to respond safely and efficiently to an accident or incident involving the transportation of hazardous material and to plan those responses; and

(C) appropriate emergency response training and planning programs for public sector employees developed with Federal financial assistance, including programs developed with grants made under section 126(g) of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (42 U.S.C. 9660a); and

(2) may include recommendations on material appropriate for use in a recommended course described in clause (1)(B) of this subsection.

(c) Training on Complying With Legal Requirements.—A recommended course described in subsection (b)(1)(B) of this section shall provide the training necessary for public sector employees to comply with—

(1) regulations related to hazardous waste operations and emergency response contained in part 1910 of title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, prescribed by the Secretary of Labor;

(2) regulations related to worker protection standards for hazardous waste operations contained in part 311 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, prescribed by the Administrator; and

(3) standards related to emergency response training prescribed by the National Fire Protection Association and such other voluntary consensus standard-setting organizations as the Secretary of Transportation determines appropriate.

(d) Distribution and Publication.—With the National Response Team—

(1) the Secretary shall distribute the curriculum and any updates to the curriculum to the regional response teams and all committees and commissions established under section 301 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986 (42 U.S.C. 11001); and

(2) the Secretary may publish and distribute a list of programs and courses maintained and updated under this section and of any programs utilizing such courses.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 772; Pub. L. 103–429, §6(5), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4378; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §§7113, 7126, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1899, 1909; Pub. L. 109–295, title VI, §612(c), Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1410; Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title III, §33004(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 832; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VI, §6013, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1570.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5115(a)	49 App.:1815(g)(1), (5).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, 88 Stat. 2156, §117A (g)(1)–(6), (8); added Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §17, 104 Stat. 3265, 3267.
5115(b)	49 App.:1815(g)(2), (3).
5115(c)	49 App.:1815(g)(4).
5115(d)(1)	49 App.:1815(g)(6).
5115(d)(2)	49 App.:1815(g)(8).

In subsection (c)(3), the words "including standards 471 and 472" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d)(1), the word "updates" is substituted for "amendments" for clarity.

Pub. L. 103–429

This amends 49:5115(b)(1)(C) to make a cross-reference more precise.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–94 inserted ", including online curriculum as appropriate," after "a current curriculum of courses".

2012—Subsecs. (b)(1)(B), (2), (c). Pub. L. 112–141 struck out "basic" after "recommended".

2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §7113(a), inserted heading and first sentence and struck out former heading and first sentence. Text read as follows: "Not later than November 16, 1992, in coordination with the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, Secretaries of Labor, Energy, and Health and Human Services, and Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and using the existing coordinating mechanisms of the national response team and, for radioactive material, the Federal Radiological Preparedness Coordinating Committee, the Secretary of Transportation shall develop and update periodically a curriculum consisting of a list of courses necessary to train public sector emergency response and preparedness teams."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §7113(b)(1), substituted "maintained and updated" for "developed" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 109–59, §7113(b)(2), substituted "with Federal financial assistance, including programs" for "under other United States Government grant programs, including those".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §7113(c), inserted "and such other voluntary consensus standard-setting organizations as the Secretary of Transportation determines appropriate" before period at end.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–59, §7113(d)(1), substituted "National Response Team" for "national response team" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §7113(d)(2), substituted "Secretary" for "Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation".

Pub. L. 109–59, §7113(d)(3), inserted "and distribute" after "publish" and substituted "list of programs and courses maintained and updated under this section and of any programs utilizing such courses" for "list of programs that uses a course developed under this section for training public sector employees to respond to an accident or incident involving the transportation of hazardous material".

1994—Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 103–429 substituted "126(g)" for "126".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency" substituted for "Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency" in subsec. (a) on authority of section 612(c) of Pub. L. 109–295, set out as a note under section 313 of Title 6, Domestic Security. Any reference to the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency in title VI of Pub. L. 109–295 or an amendment by title VI to be considered to refer and apply to the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency until Mar. 31, 2007, see section 612(f)(2) of Pub. L. 109–295, set out as a note under section 313 of Title 6.

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–429 effective July 5, 1994, see section 9 of Pub. L. 103–429, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.

§5116. Planning and training grants, monitoring, and review

(a) Planning and Training Grants.—(1) The Secretary shall make grants to States and Indian tribes—

(A) to develop, improve, and carry out emergency plans under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986 (42 U.S.C. 11001 et seq.), including ascertaining flow patterns of hazardous material on lands under the jurisdiction of a State or Indian tribe, and between lands under the jurisdiction of a State or Indian tribe and lands of another State or Indian tribe;

(B) to decide on the need for regional hazardous material emergency response teams; and

(C) to train public sector employees to respond to accidents and incidents involving hazardous material.

(2) To the extent that a grant is used to train emergency responders under paragraph (1)(C), the State or Indian tribe shall provide written certification to the Secretary that the emergency responders who receive training under the grant will have the ability to protect nearby persons, property, and the environment from the effects of accidents or incidents involving the transportation of hazardous material in accordance with existing regulations or National Fire Protection Association standards for competence of responders to accidents and incidents involving hazardous materials.

(3) The Secretary may make a grant to a State or Indian tribe under paragraph (1) of this subsection only if—

(A) the State or Indian tribe certifies that the total amount the State or Indian tribe expends (except amounts of the Federal Government) for the purpose of the grant will at least equal the average level of expenditure for the last 5 years; and

(B) any emergency response training provided under the grant shall consist of—

(i) a course developed or identified under section 5115 of this title; or

(ii) any other course the Secretary determines is consistent with the objectives of this section.

(4) A State or Indian tribe receiving a grant under this subsection shall ensure that planning and emergency response training under the grant is coordinated with adjacent States and Indian tribes.

(5) A training grant under paragraph (1)(C) may be used—

(A) to pay—

(i) the tuition costs of public sector employees being trained;

(ii) travel expenses of those employees to and from the training facility;

(iii) room and board of those employees when at the training facility; and

(iv) travel expenses of individuals providing the training;

(B) by the State, political subdivision, or Indian tribe to provide the training; and

(C) to make an agreement with a person (including an authority of a State, a political subdivision of a State or Indian tribe, or a local jurisdiction), subject to approval by the Secretary, to provide the training if—

(i) the agreement allows the Secretary and the State or Indian tribe to conduct random examinations, inspections, and audits of the training without prior notice;

(ii) the person agrees to have an auditable accounting system; and

(iii) the State or Indian tribe conducts at least one on-site observation of the training each year.

(6) The Secretary shall allocate amounts made available for grants under this subsection among eligible States and Indian tribes based on the needs of the States and Indian tribes for emergency response planning and training. In making a decision about those needs, the Secretary shall consider—

(A) the number of hazardous material facilities in the State or on land under the jurisdiction of the Indian tribe;

(B) the types and amounts of hazardous material transported in the State or on such land;

(C) whether the State or Indian tribe imposes and collects a fee for transporting hazardous material;

(D) whether such fee is used only to carry out a purpose related to transporting hazardous material;

(E) the past record of the State or Indian tribe in effectively managing planning and training grants; and

(F) any other factors the Secretary determines are appropriate to carry out this subsection.

(b) Compliance With Certain Law.—The Secretary may make a grant to a State under this section in a fiscal year only if the State certifies that the State complies with sections 301 and 303 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986 (42 U.S.C. 11001, 11003).

(c) Applications.—A State or Indian tribe interested in receiving a grant under this section shall submit an application to the Secretary. The application must be submitted at the time, and contain information, the Secretary requires by regulation to carry out the objectives of this section.

(d) Government's Share of Costs.—A grant under this section is for 80 percent of the cost the State or Indian tribe incurs in the fiscal year to carry out the activity for which the grant is made. Amounts of the State or tribe under subsection (a)(3)(A) of this section are not part of the non-Government share under this subsection.

(e) Monitoring and Technical Assistance.—In coordination with the Secretaries of Transportation and Energy, Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall monitor public sector emergency response planning and training for an accident or incident involving hazardous material. Considering the results of the monitoring, the Secretaries, Administrators, and Director each shall provide technical assistance to a State, political subdivision of a State, or Indian tribe for carrying out emergency response training and planning for an accident or incident involving hazardous material and shall coordinate the assistance using the existing coordinating mechanisms of the National Response Team and, for radioactive material, the Federal Radiological Preparedness Coordinating Committee.

(f) Delegation of Authority.—To minimize administrative costs and to coordinate Federal financial assistance for emergency response training and planning, the Secretary may delegate to the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and Secretaries of Labor and Energy any of the following:

(1) authority to receive applications for grants under this section.

(2) authority to review applications for technical compliance with this section.

(3) authority to review applications to recommend approval or disapproval.

(4) any other ministerial duty associated with grants under this section.

(g) Minimizing Duplication of Effort and Expenses.—The Secretaries of Transportation, Labor, and Energy, Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall review periodically, with the head of each department, agency, or instrumentality of the Government, all emergency response and preparedness training programs of that department, agency, or instrumentality to minimize duplication of effort and expense of the department, agency, or instrumentality in carrying out the programs and shall take necessary action to minimize duplication.

(h) Annual Registration Fee Account and Its Uses.—The Secretary of the Treasury shall establish an account in the Treasury (to be known as the "Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness Fund") into which the Secretary of the Treasury shall deposit amounts the Secretary of Transportation transfers to the Secretary of the Treasury under section 5108(g)(2)(C) of this title. Without further appropriation, amounts in the account are available—

(1) to make grants under this section and section 5107(e);

(2) to monitor and provide technical assistance under subsection (e) of this section;

(3) to publish and distribute an emergency response guide; and

(4) to pay administrative costs of carrying out this section and sections 5107(e) and 5108(g)(2) of this title, except that not more than 2 percent of the amounts made available from the account in a fiscal year may be used to pay those costs.

(i) Supplemental Training Grants.—

(1) In order to further the purposes of subsection (a), the Secretary shall, subject to the availability of funds and through a competitive process, make a grant or make grants to national nonprofit fire service organizations for the purpose of training instructors to conduct hazardous materials response training programs for individuals with statutory responsibility to respond to hazardous materials accidents and incidents.

(2) For the purposes of this subsection the Secretary, after consultation with interested organizations, shall—

(A) identify regions or locations in which fire departments or other organizations which provide emergency response to hazardous materials transportation accidents and incidents are in need of hazardous materials training; and

(B) prioritize such needs and develop a means for identifying additional specific training needs.

(3) Funds granted to an organization under this subsection shall only be used—

(A) to provide training, including portable training, for instructors to conduct hazardous materials response training programs;

(B) to purchase training equipment used exclusively to train instructors to conduct such training programs; and

(C) to disseminate such information and materials as are necessary for the conduct of such training programs.

(4) The Secretary may only make a grant to an organization under this subsection in a fiscal year if the organization enters into an agreement with the Secretary to provide training, including portable training, for instructors to conduct hazardous materials response training programs in such fiscal year that will use—

(A) a course or courses developed or identified under section 5115 of this title; or

(B) other courses which the Secretary determines are consistent with the objectives of this subsection;

for training individuals with statutory responsibility to respond to accidents and incidents involving hazardous materials. Such agreement also shall provide that training courses shall comply with Federal regulations and national consensus standards for hazardous materials response and be open to all such individuals on a nondiscriminatory basis.

(5) The Secretary may not award a grant to an organization under this subsection unless the organization ensures that emergency responders who receive training under the grant will have the ability to protect nearby persons, property, and the environment from the effects of accidents or incidents involving the transportation of hazardous material in accordance with existing regulations or National Fire Protection Association standards for competence of responders to accidents and incidents involving hazardous materials.

(6) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (3), to the extent determined appropriate by the Secretary, a grant awarded by the Secretary to an organization under this subsection to conduct hazardous material response training programs may be used to train individuals with responsibility to respond to accidents and incidents involving hazardous material.

(7) For the purposes of this subsection, the term "portable training" means live, instructor-led training provided by certified fire service instructors that can be offered in any suitable setting, rather than specific designated facilities. Under this training delivery model, instructors travel to locations convenient to students and utilize local facilities and resources.

(8) The Secretary may impose such additional terms and conditions on grants to be made under this subsection as the Secretary determines are necessary to protect the interests of the United States and to carry out the objectives of this subsection.

(j) Alert Grant Program.—

(1) Assistance for local emergency response training.—The Secretary shall establish a grant program to make grants to eligible entities described in paragraph (2)—

(A) to develop a hazardous materials response training curriculum for emergency responders, including response activities for the transportation of crude oil, ethanol, and other flammable liquids by rail, consistent with the standards of the National Fire Protection Association; and

(B) to make the training described in subparagraph (A) available in an electronic format.

(2) Eligible entities.—An eligible entity referred to in paragraph (1) is a nonprofit organization that—

(A) represents first responders or public officials responsible for coordinating disaster response; and

(B) is able to provide direct or web-based training to individuals responsible for responding to accidents and incidents involving hazardous materials.

(3) Funding.—

(A) In general.—To carry out the grant program under paragraph (1), the Secretary may use, for each fiscal year, any amounts recovered during such fiscal year from grants awarded under this section during a prior fiscal year.

(B) Other hazardous material training activities.—For each fiscal year, after providing grants under paragraph (1), if funds remain available, the Secretary may use the amounts described in subparagraph (A)—

(i) to make grants under—

(I) subsection (a)(1)(C);

(II) subsection (i); and

(III) section 5107(e);

(ii) to conduct monitoring and provide technical assistance under subsection (e);

(iii) to publish and distribute the emergency response guide referred to in subsection (h)(3); and

(iv) to pay administrative costs in accordance with subsection (h)(4).

(C) Obligation limitation.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for each fiscal year, amounts described in subparagraph (A) shall not be included in the obligation limitation for the Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness grant program for that fiscal year.

(k) Reports.—The Secretary shall submit an annual report to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and make available the report to the public. The report submitted under this subsection shall include information on the allocation and uses of the planning and training grants under subsection (a) and grants under subsections (i) and (j) of this section and under subsections (e) and (i) of section 5107. The report submitted under this subsection shall identify the ultimate recipients of such grants and include—

(1) a detailed accounting and description of each grant expenditure by each grant recipient, including the amount of, and purpose for, each expenditure;

(2) the number of persons trained under the grant program, by training level;

(3) an evaluation of the efficacy of such planning and training programs; and

(4) any recommendations the Secretary may have for improving such grant programs.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 773; Pub. L. 103–311, title I, §§105, 119(a), (d)(2), (3), Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1673, 1679, 1680; Pub. L. 103–429, §7(c), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4389; Pub. L. 104–287, §§5(8), 6(b), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3389, 3398; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §§7114(a)–(d)(2), (e), 7126, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1900, 1909; Pub. L. 109–295, title VI, §612(c), Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1410; Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title III, §33004(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 832; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VII, §7203(a), (b)(2), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1589, 1591; Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title VI, §26002, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 882.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5116(a)	49 App.:1815(a).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, 88 Stat. 2156, §117A(a)–(f), (g)(7), (9), (h)(6); added Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §17, 104 Stat. 3263, 3266, 3267, 3268.
5116(b)(1)	49 App.:1815(b)(1).
5116(b)(2)	49 App.:1815(b) (2)–(4).
5116(b)(3)	49 App.:1815(b)(5), (6).
5116(b)(4)	49 App.:1815(b)(7).
5116(c)	49 App.:1815(c).
5116(d)	49 App.:1815(e).
5116(e)	49 App.:1815(d).
5116(f)	49 App.:1815(g)(7).
5116(g)	49 App.:1815(f).
5116(h)	49 App.:1815(g)(9).
5116(i)	49 App.:1815(h)(6).

In subsections (a)(2)(A) and (b)(2)(A), the words "at least equal" are substituted for "be maintained at a level which does not fall below" to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (a)(2)(B), the words "by the State emergency response commission" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(2)(B)(i), the words "or courses" are omitted because of 1:1.

In subsection (c), the words "including compliance with such sections with respect to accidents and incidents involving the transportation of hazardous materials" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d), the word "section" is substituted for "subsection" for clarity because there are no objectives in the subsection being restated.

In subsection (e), the words "A grant under this section is for" are substituted for "By a grant under this section, the Secretary shall reimburse any State or Indian tribe an amount not to exceed" to eliminate unnecessary words and for consistency in the revised title. The words "which are required to be expended under subsections (a)(2) and (b)(2) of this section" are omitted as surplus. The words "under this subsection" are added for clarity.

In subsection (h), the words "including coordination of training programs" are omitted as surplus.

Pub. L. 104–287, §5(8)

This amends 49:5116(j)(4)(A) to correct an erroneous cross-reference.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(A), is title III of Pub. L. 99–499, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1728, which is classified generally to chapter 116 (§11001 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 11001 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 117–58, §26002(3), added subsec. (j). Former subsec. (j) redesignated (k).

Pub. L. 117–58, §26002(1), substituted "subsections (i) and (j)" for "subsection (i)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 117–58, §26002(2), redesignated subsec. (j) as (k).

2015—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–94, §7203(a)(3), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which related to planning grants.

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 114–94, §7203(a)(1), (2), redesignated subsecs. (c) and (d) as (b) and (c), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to training grants.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–94, §7203(a)(1), (b)(2)(A), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d) and substituted "subsection (a)(3)(A)" for "subsections (a)(2)(A) and (b)(2)(A)". Former subsec. (d) redesignated (c).

Subsecs. (e) to (g). Pub. L. 114–94, §7203(a)(1), redesignated subsecs. (f) to (h) as (e) to (g), respectively. Former subsec. (e) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 114–94, §7203(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (i) as (h). Former subsec. (h) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, §7203(b)(2)(B)(i), inserted "and section 5107(e)" after "section".

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 114–94, §7203(b)(2)(B)(ii), substituted "subsection (e)" for "subsection (f)".

Subsec. (h)(4). Pub. L. 114–94, §7203(b)(2)(B)(iii), substituted "5107(e) and 5108(g)(2)" for "5108(g)(2) and 5115".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 114–94, §7203(a)(1), (b)(2)(C), redesignated subsec. (j) as (i) and substituted "subsection (a)" for "subsection (b)" in par. (1). Former subsec. (i) redesignated (h).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 114–94, §7203(b)(2)(D), substituted, in introductory provisions, "planning and training grants under subsection (a) and grants under subsection (i) of this section and under subsections (e) and (i) of section 5107" for "planning grants allocated under subsection (a), training grants under subsection (b), and grants under subsection (j) of this section and under section 5107" and redesignated subpars. (A) to (D) as pars. (1) to (4), respectively.

Pub. L. 114–94, §7203(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (k) as (j). Former subsec. (j) redesignated (i).

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 114–94, §7203(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (k) as (j).

2012—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 112–141, §33004(b)(1), inserted at end "To the extent that a grant is used to train emergency responders, the State or Indian tribe shall provide written certification to the Secretary that the emergency responders who receive training under the grant will have the ability to protect nearby persons, property, and the environment from the effects of accidents or incidents involving the transportation of hazardous material in accordance with existing regulations or National Fire Protection Association standards for competence of responders to accidents and incidents involving hazardous materials."

Subsec. (j)(1). Pub. L. 112–141, §33004(b)(2)(A), substituted "funds and through a competitive process, make a grant or make grants to national nonprofit fire service organizations for" for "funds, make grants to national nonprofit employee organizations engaged solely in fighting fires for".

Subsec. (j)(3)(A). Pub. L. 112–141, §33004(b)(2)(B), substituted "provide training, including portable training, for" for "train".

Subsec. (j)(4). Pub. L. 112–141, §33004(b)(2)(C)(ii), which directed insertion of "comply with Federal regulations and national consensus standards for hazardous materials response and" after "training course shall", was executed by making the insertion after "training courses shall" in concluding provisions, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 112–141, §33004(b)(2)(C)(i), substituted "provide training, including portable training, for" for "train" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (j)(5) to (8). Pub. L. 112–141, §33004(b)(2)(D), (E), added pars. (5) to (7) and redesignated former par. (5) as (8).

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 112–141, §33004(b)(3), substituted "an annual report" for "annually" and inserted "the report" after "make available" in first sentence, substituted ". The report submitted under this subsection shall include information" for "information" and "The report submitted under this subsection shall identify the ultimate recipients of such grants and include—" for "The report shall identify the ultimate recipients of training grants and include a detailed accounting of all grant expenditures by grant recipients, the number of persons trained under the grant programs, and an evaluation of the efficacy of training programs carried out.", and added pars. (A) to (D).

2005—Subsec. (a)(1), (2). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §7114(a), substituted "5 fiscal years" for "2 fiscal years".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §7114(a), substituted "5 fiscal years" for "2 fiscal years".

Subsec. (b)(3)(C), (4). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation" in introductory provisions of par. (3)(C) and "Secretary shall allocate" for "Secretary of Transportation shall allocate" in introductory provisions of par. (4).

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation" in subsec. (c) and "Secretary." for "Secretary of Transportation." in subsec. (d).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–59, §7114(b), substituted "National Response Team" for "national response team".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–59, §7114(c), substituted "Federal financial assistance" for "Government grant programs" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 109–59, §7114(d)(1), (2), in introductory provisions, inserted "(to be known as the 'Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness Fund')" after "an account in the Treasury" and struck out "collects under section 5108(g)(2)(A) of this title and" before "transfers to the Secretary", added par. (3), and redesignated former par. (3) as (4) and substituted "2 percent" for "10 percent".

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 109–59, §7114(e), substituted "The Secretary shall submit annually to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and make available to the public information on the allocation and uses of the planning grants allocated under subsection (a), training grants under subsection (b), and grants under subsection (j) of this section and under section 5107" for "Not later than September 30, 1997, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the allocation and uses of training grants authorized under subsection (b) for fiscal year 1993 through fiscal year 1996 and grants authorized under subsection (j) and section 5107 for fiscal years 1995 and 1996" and "The report" for "Such report".

1996—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 104–287, §6(b), made technical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 103–311, §105(b)(2). See 1994 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (j)(4)(A). Pub. L. 104–287, §5(8), substituted "section 5115 of this title" for "subsection (g)".

1994—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 103–311, §105(a), in introductory provisions inserted "and Indian tribes" after "States", and in subpar. (A) substituted "on lands under the jurisdiction of a State or Indian tribe, and between lands under the jurisdiction of a State or Indian tribe and lands of another State or Indian tribe" for "in a State and between States".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 103–311, §105(b)(2), as amended by Pub. L. 104–287, §6(b), struck out "the State" after "only if" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 103–311, §105(b)(1), inserted "or Indian tribe" after "grant to a State" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 103–311, §105(b)(1), (3), inserted "the State or Indian tribe" before "certifies" and "or Indian tribe" before "expends".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 103–311, §105(b)(4), inserted "the State" before "agrees".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 103–311, §105(c), added par. (3).

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 103–311, §119(d)(2), as amended by Pub. L. 103–429, struck out "and section 5107(e) of this title" after "under this section".

Subsec. (i)(3). Pub. L. 103–311, §119(d)(3), as amended by Pub. L. 103–429, substituted "5108(g)(2)" for "5107(e), 5108(g)(2),".

Subsecs. (j), (k). Pub. L. 103–311, §119(a), added subsecs. (j) and (k).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency", "Administrators, and Director", and "Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences" substituted for "Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency", "Administrator, and Directors", and "Directors of the Federal Emergency Management Agency and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences", respectively, in subsecs. (f) to (h), on authority of section 612(c) of Pub. L. 109–295, set out as a note under section 313 of Title 6, Domestic Security. Any reference to the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency in title VI of Pub. L. 109–295 or an amendment by title VI to be considered to refer and apply to the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency until Mar. 31, 2007, see section 612(f)(2) of Pub. L. 109–295, set out as a note under section 313 of Title 6.

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–287, §6(b), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3398, provided that the amendment made by section 6(b) is effective Aug. 26, 1994.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–429, §7(c), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4389, provided that the amendment made by section 7(c) is effective Aug. 26, 1994.

Savings Clause

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VII, §7203(c), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1591, provided that: "Nothing in this section [amending this section and section 5108 of this title] may be construed to prohibit the Secretary [of Transportation] from recovering and deobligating funds from grants that are not managed or expended in compliance with a grant agreement."

§5117. Special permits and exclusions

(a) Authority To Issue Special Permits.—(1) As provided under procedures prescribed by regulation, the Secretary may issue, modify, or terminate a special permit authorizing a variance from this chapter or a regulation prescribed under section 5103(b), 5104, 5110, or 5112 of this title to a person performing a function regulated by the Secretary under section 5103(b)(1) in a way that achieves a safety level—

(A) at least equal to the safety level required under this chapter; or

(B) consistent with the public interest and this chapter, if a required safety level does not exist.

(2) A special permit issued under this section shall be effective for an initial period of not more than 2 years and may be renewed by the Secretary upon application for successive periods of not more than 4 years each or, in the case of a special permit relating to section 5112, for an additional period of not more than 2 years.

(b) Applications.—When applying for a special permit or renewal of a special permit under this section, the person must provide a safety analysis prescribed by the Secretary that justifies the special permit. The Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register notice that an application for a new special permit or a modification to an existing special permit has been filed and shall give the public an opportunity to inspect the safety analysis and comment on the application. The Secretary shall make available to the public on the Department of Transportation's Internet Web site any special permit other than a new special permit or a modification to an existing special permit and shall give the public an opportunity to inspect the safety analysis and comment on the application for a period of not more than 15 days. This subsection does not require the release of information protected by law from public disclosure.

(c) Applications To Be Dealt With Promptly.—The Secretary shall issue or renew a special permit or approval for which an application was filed or deny such issuance or renewal within 120 days after the first day of the month following the date of the filing of such application, or the Secretary shall make available to the public a statement of the reason why the Secretary's decision on a special permit or approval is delayed, along with an estimate of the additional time necessary before the decision is made.

(d) Exclusions.—(1) The Secretary shall exclude, in any part, from this chapter and regulations prescribed under this chapter—

(A) a public vessel (as defined in section 2101 of title 46);

(B) a vessel exempted under section 3702 of title 46 from chapter 37 of title 46; and

(C) a vessel to the extent it is regulated under the Ports and Waterways Safety Act of 1972 ¹ (33 U.S.C. 1221 et seq.).

(2) This chapter and regulations prescribed under this chapter do not prohibit—

(A) or regulate transportation of a firearm (as defined in section 232 of title 18), or ammunition for a firearm, by an individual for personal use; or

(B) transportation of a firearm or ammunition in commerce.

(e) Limitation on Authority.—Unless the Secretary decides that an emergency exists, a special permit or renewal granted under this section is the only way a person subject to this chapter may be granted a variance from this chapter.

(f) Incorporation Into Regulations.—

(1) In general.—Not later than 1 year after the date on which a special permit has been in continuous effect for a 10-year period, the Secretary shall conduct a review and analysis of that special permit to determine whether it may be converted into the hazardous materials regulations.

(2) Factors.—In conducting the review and analysis under paragraph (1), the Secretary may consider—

(A) the safety record for hazardous materials transported under the special permit;

(B) the application of a special permit;

(C) the suitability of provisions in the special permit for incorporation into the hazardous materials regulations; and

(D) rulemaking activity in related areas.

(3) Rulemaking.—After completing the review and analysis under paragraph (1) and after providing notice and opportunity for public comment, the Secretary shall either institute a rulemaking to incorporate the special permit into the hazardous materials regulations or publish in the Federal Register the Secretary's justification for why the special permit is not appropriate for incorporation into the regulations.

(g) Disclosure of Final Action.—The Secretary shall periodically, but at least every 120 days—

(1) publish in the Federal Register notice of the final disposition of each application for a new special permit, modification to an existing special permit, or approval during the preceding quarter; and

(2) make available to the public on the Department of Transportation's Internet Web site notice of the final disposition of any other special permit during the preceding quarter.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 776; Pub. L. 103–311, title I, §120(a), Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1680; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §§7115(a)(1), (b)–(g), 7126, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1901, 1909; Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title III, §33012(c), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 839; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VII, §7204, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1592.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5117(a)	49 App.:1806(a) (1st, 2d sentences).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §107, 88 Stat. 2158; Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §9, 104 Stat. 3259.
5117(b)	49 App.:1806(a) (3d–last sentences).
5117(c)(1)	49 App.:1806(b).
5117(c)(2)	49 App.:1806(c).
5117(d)	49 App.:1806(d).

In subsection (a)(1), before clause (A), the words "or renew" and "subject to the requirements of this chapter" are omitted as surplus. In clause (A), the words "at least equal to the safety level required under this chapter" are substituted for "which is equal to or exceeds that level of safety which would be required in the absence of such exemption" to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (a)(2), the words "issued or renewed" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b), the words "upon application" and "grant of such" are omitted as surplus. The words "give the public an opportunity to inspect" are substituted for "afford access to . . . public" for clarity. The words "described by subsection (b) of section 552 of title 5, or which is otherwise" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c)(1), clauses (A) and (B) are substituted for "any vessel which is excepted from the application of section 201 of the Ports and Waterways Safety Act of 1972 by paragraph (2) of such section". Section 201 of that Act amended section 4417a of the Revised Statutes (classified at 46:391a prior to its repeal and reenactment as part of the codification of subtitle II of title 46 in 1983). Clauses (A) and (B) restate the exceptions provided by section 201 of that Act and by section 4417a of the Revised Statutes as subsequently amended. Clause (C) is substituted for "any other vessel regulated under such Act, to the extent of such regulation" because of the restatement.

In subsection (c)(2), before clause (A), the word "prescribed" is substituted for "issued" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

In subsection (d), the words "by which", "the requirements of", and "or relieved of the obligation to meet any requirements imposed under" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Ports and Waterways Safety Act of 1972, referred to in subsec. (d)(1)(C), is Pub. L. 92–340, July 10, 1972, 86 Stat. 424, which was renamed the Ports and Waterways Safety Act by Pub. L. 95–474, §2, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1471, and was classified generally to chapter 25 (§1221 et seq.) of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 115–282, title IV, §402(e), Dec. 4, 2018, 132 Stat. 4264. See Transitional and Savings Provisions note preceding section 101 of Title 46, Shipping, and chapter 700 (§70001 et seq.) of Title 46.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–94, §7204(1), substituted "an application for a new special permit or a modification to an existing special permit" for "an application for a special permit" and inserted "The Secretary shall make available to the public on the Department of Transportation's Internet Web site any special permit other than a new special permit or a modification to an existing special permit and shall give the public an opportunity to inspect the safety analysis and comment on the application for a period of not more than 15 days." before "This subsection".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–94, §7204(2), substituted "a special permit or approval" for "the special permit" in two places, "120 days" for "180 days", and "make available to the public" for "publish", and struck out "in the Federal Register" after "a statement".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 114–94, §7204(3), added subsec. (g).

2012—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 112–141 added subsec. (f).

2005—Pub. L. 109–59, §7115(a)(1), substituted "Special permits and exclusions" for "Exemptions and exclusions" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §7115(b), substituted "Issue Special Permits" for "Exempt" in heading.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–59, §7115(c), in introductory provisions, substituted "issue, modify, or terminate a special permit authorizing a variance" for "issue an exemption" and "performing a function regulated by the Secretary under section 5103(b)(1)" for "transporting, or causing to be transported, hazardous material".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §7115(d), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "An exemption under this subsection is effective for not more than 2 years and may be renewed on application to the Secretary."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §7115(e), substituted "the special permit" for "the exemption" and substituted "a special permit" for "an exemption" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §7115(f), substituted "the special permit" for "the exemption" in two places.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §7115(g), substituted "a special permit" for "an exemption" and "be granted a variance" for "be exempt".

1994—Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 103–311 added subsec. (c) and redesignated former subsecs. (c) and (d) as (d) and (e), respectively.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Special Permits, Approvals, and Exclusions

Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title III, §33012(a), (b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 838, provided that:

"(a) Rulemaking.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of Title 23, Highways], the Secretary [of Transportation], after providing notice and an opportunity for public comment, shall issue regulations that establish—

"(1) standard operating procedures to support administration of the special permit and approval programs; and

"(2) objective criteria to support the evaluation of special permit and approval applications.

"(b) Review of Special Permits.—

"(1) Review.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall conduct a review and analysis of special permits that have been in continuous effect for a 10-year period to determine which special permits may be converted into the hazardous materials regulations.

"(2) Factors.—In conducting the review and analysis under paragraph (1), the Secretary may consider—

"(A) the safety record for hazardous materials transported under the special permit;

"(B) the application of a special permit;

"(C) the suitability of provisions in the special permit for incorporation into the hazardous materials regulations; and

"(D) rulemaking activity in related areas.

"(3) Rulemaking.—After completing the review and analysis under paragraph (1), but not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, and after providing notice and opportunity for public comment, the Secretary shall issue regulations to incorporate into the hazardous materials regulations any special permits identified in the review under paragraph (1) that the Secretary determines are appropriate for incorporation, based on the factors identified in paragraph (2)."

¹ See References in Text note below.

§5118. Hazardous material technical assessment, research and development, and analysis program

(a) Risk Reduction.—

(1) Program authorized.—The Secretary of Transportation may develop and implement a hazardous material technical assessment, research and development, and analysis program for the purpose of—

(A) reducing the risks associated with the transportation of hazardous material; and

(B) identifying and evaluating new technologies to facilitate the safe, secure, and efficient transportation of hazardous material.

(2) Coordination.—In developing the program under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall—

(A) utilize information gathered from other modal administrations with similar programs;

(B) coordinate with other modal administrations, as appropriate; and

(C) coordinate, as appropriate, with other Federal agencies.

(b) Cooperation.—In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary shall work cooperatively with regulated and other entities, including shippers, carriers, emergency responders, State and local officials, and academic institutions.

(c) Cooperative Research.—

(1) In general.—As part of the program established under subsection (a), the Secretary may carry out cooperative research on hazardous materials transport.

(2) National academies.—The Secretary may enter into an agreement with the National Academies to support research described in paragraph (1).

(3) Research.—Research conducted under this subsection may include activities relating to—

(A) emergency planning and response, including information and programs that can be readily assessed and implemented in local jurisdictions;

(B) risk analysis and perception and data assessment;

(C) commodity flow data, including voluntary collaboration between shippers and first responders for secure data exchange of critical information;

(D) integration of safety and security;

(E) cargo packaging and handling;

(F) hazmat release consequences; and

(G) materials and equipment testing.

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title III, §33007(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 835; amended Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VI, §6014, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1570.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5118, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 777; Pub. L. 108–426, §2(c)(2), Nov. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2424, related to employment of additional hazardous material safety inspectors, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §7115(h), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1901.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 114–94, §6014(1), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–94, §6014(2), added subsec. (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

§5119. Uniform forms and procedures

(a) Establishment of Working Group.—The Secretary shall establish a working group of State and local government officials, including representatives of the National Governors' Association, the National Association of Counties, the National League of Cities, the United States Conference of Mayors, the National Conference of State Legislatures, and the Alliance for Uniform Hazmat Transportation Procedures.

(b) Purpose of Working Group.—The purpose of the working group shall be to develop uniform forms and procedures for a State to register, and to issue permits to, persons that transport, or cause to be transported, hazardous material by motor vehicle in the State.

(c) Limitation on Working Group.—The working group may not propose to define or limit the amount of a fee a State may impose or collect.

(d) Procedure.—The Secretary shall develop a procedure for the working group to employ in developing recommendations for the Secretary to harmonize existing State registration and permit laws and regulations relating to the transportation of hazardous materials, with special attention paid to each State's unique safety concerns and interest in maintaining strong hazmat safety standards.

(e) Report of Working Group.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this subsection, the working group shall transmit to the Secretary a report containing recommendations for establishing uniform forms and procedures described in subsection (b).

(f) Regulations.—Not later than 18 months after the date the working group's report is delivered to the Secretary, the Secretary shall issue regulations to carry out such recommendations of the working group as the Secretary considers appropriate. In developing such regulations, the Secretary shall consider the State needs associated with the transition to and implementation of a uniform forms and procedures program.

(g) Limitation on Statutory Construction.—Nothing in this section shall be construed as prohibiting a State from voluntarily participating in a program of uniform forms and procedures until such time as the Secretary issues regulations under subsection (f).

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 777; Pub. L. 104–287, §5(9), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3389; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §7116, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1901.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5119(a)	49 App.:1819(a).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, 88 Stat. 2156, §121(a)–(g); added Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §22, 104 Stat. 3271; Oct. 24, 1992, Pub. L. 102–508, §507, 106 Stat. 3312.
5119(b)	49 App.:1819(b), (c).
5119(c)(1)	49 App.:1819(d).
5119(c)(2)	49 App.:1819(e).
5119(c)(3)	49 App.:1819(f).
5119(d)	49 App.:1819(g).

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "As soon as practicable after November 16, 1990" are omitted as obsolete.

In subsection (c)(1), the words "Subject to the provisions of this subsection" and "to the Secretary" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (e), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

Amendments

2005—Pub. L. 109–59 reenacted section catchline without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, section consisted of subsecs. (a) to (d) relating to establishment of working group, consultation and reporting, regulations, and relationship to other laws.

1996—Subsec. (b)(2), Pub. L. 104–287 substituted "Transportation and Infrastructure" for "Public Works and Transportation".

§5120. International uniformity of standards and requirements

(a) Participation in International Forums.—Subject to guidance and direction from the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Transportation shall participate in international forums that establish or recommend mandatory standards and requirements for transporting hazardous material in international commerce.

(b) Consultation.—The Secretary may consult with interested authorities to ensure that, to the extent practicable, regulations the Secretary prescribes under sections 5103(b), 5104, 5110, and 5112 of this title are consistent with standards and requirements related to transporting hazardous material that international authorities adopt.

(c) Differences With International Standards and Requirements.—This section—

(1) does not require the Secretary to prescribe a standard or requirement identical to a standard or requirement adopted by an international authority if the Secretary decides the standard or requirement is unnecessary or unsafe; and

(2) does not prohibit the Secretary from prescribing a safety standard or requirement more stringent than a standard or requirement adopted by an international authority if the Secretary decides the standard or requirement is necessary in the public interest.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 778; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §§7117, 7126, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1902, 1909.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5120(a)	49 App.:1804(d)(1).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §105(d), 88 Stat. 2157; restated Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615 §4, 104 Stat. 3252.
5120(b)	49 App.:1804(d)(2) (1st sentence).
5120(c)	49 App.:1804(d)(2) (last sentence).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2005—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary may" for "Secretary of Transportation may".

Pub. L. 109–59, §7117(a), inserted "and requirements" after "standards".

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary to prescribe" for "Secretary of Transportation to prescribe".

Pub. L. 109–59, §7117(b)(1), inserted "or requirement" after "standard" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §7117(b)(2), struck out "included in a standard" before "adopted" and inserted "standard or" before "requirement" wherever appearing.

§5121. Administrative

(a) General Authority.—To carry out this chapter, the Secretary may investigate, conduct tests, make reports, issue subpenas, conduct hearings, require the production of records and property, take depositions, and conduct research, development, demonstration, and training activities. Except as provided in subsections (c) and (d), after notice and an opportunity for a hearing, the Secretary may issue an order requiring compliance with this chapter or a regulation prescribed, or an order, special permit, or approval issued, under this chapter.

(b) Records, Reports, and Information.—A person subject to this chapter shall—

(1) maintain records and property, make reports, and provide information the Secretary by regulation or order requires; and

(2) make the records, property, reports, and information available for inspection when the Secretary undertakes an investigation or makes a request.

(c) Inspections and Investigations.—

(1) In general.—A designated officer, employee, or agent of the Secretary—

(A) may inspect and investigate, at a reasonable time and in a reasonable manner, records and property relating to a function described in section 5103(b)(1);

(B) except in the case of packaging immediately adjacent to its hazardous material contents, may gain access to, open, and examine a package offered for, or in, transportation when the officer, employee, or agent has an objectively reasonable and articulable belief that the package may contain a hazardous material;

(C) may remove from transportation a package or related packages in a shipment offered for or in transportation for which—

(i) such officer, employee, or agent has an objectively reasonable and articulable belief that the package may pose an imminent hazard; and

(ii) such officer, employee, or agent contemporaneously documents such belief in accordance with procedures set forth in guidance or regulations prescribed under subsection (e);

(D) may gather information from the offeror, carrier, packaging manufacturer or tester, or other person responsible for the package, to ascertain the nature and hazards of the contents of the package;

(E) as necessary, under terms and conditions specified by the Secretary, may order the offeror, carrier, packaging manufacturer or tester, or other person responsible for the package to have the package transported to, opened, and the contents examined and analyzed, at a facility appropriate for the conduct of such examination and analysis;

(F) when safety might otherwise be compromised, may authorize properly qualified personnel to assist in the activities conducted under this subsection; and

(G) shall provide to the affected offeror, carrier, packaging manufacturer or tester, or other person responsible for the package reasonable notice of—

(i) his or her decision to exercise his or her authority under paragraph (1);

(ii) any findings made; and

(iii) any actions being taken as a result of a finding of noncompliance.

(2) Display of credentials.—An officer, employee, or agent acting under this subsection shall display proper credentials, in person or in writing, when requested.

(3) Safe resumption of transportation.—In instances when, as a result of an inspection or investigation under this subsection, an imminent hazard is not found to exist, the Secretary, in accordance with procedures set forth in regulations prescribed under subsection (e), shall assist—

(A) in the safe and prompt resumption of transportation of the package concerned; or

(B) in any case in which the hazardous material being transported is perishable, in the safe and expeditious resumption of transportation of the perishable hazardous material.

(d) Emergency Orders.—

(1) In general.—If, upon inspection, investigation, testing, or research, the Secretary determines that a violation of a provision of this chapter, or a regulation prescribed under this chapter, or an unsafe condition or practice, constitutes or is causing an imminent hazard, the Secretary may issue or impose emergency restrictions, prohibitions, recalls, or out-of-service orders, without notice or an opportunity for a hearing, but only to the extent necessary to abate the imminent hazard.

(2) Written orders.—The action of the Secretary under paragraph (1) shall be in a written emergency order that—

(A) describes the violation, condition, or practice that constitutes or is causing the imminent hazard;

(B) states the restrictions, prohibitions, recalls, or out-of-service orders issued or imposed; and

(C) describes the standards and procedures for obtaining relief from the order.

(3) Opportunity for review.—After taking action under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall provide for review of the action under section 554 of title 5 if a petition for review is filed within 20 calendar days of the date of issuance of the order for the action.

(4) Expiration of effectiveness of order.—If a petition for review of an action is filed under paragraph (3) and the review under that paragraph is not completed by the end of the 30-day period beginning on the date the petition is filed, the action shall cease to be effective at the end of such period unless the Secretary determines, in writing, that the imminent hazard providing a basis for the action continues to exist.

(5) Out-of-service order defined.—In this subsection, the term "out-of-service order" means a requirement that an aircraft, vessel, motor vehicle, train, railcar, locomotive, other vehicle, transport unit, transport vehicle, freight container, potable tank, or other package not be moved until specified conditions have been met.

(e) Regulations.—

(1) Temporary regulations.—Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of the Hazardous Materials Transportation Safety and Security Reauthorization Act of 2005, the Secretary shall issue temporary regulations to carry out subsections (c) and (d). The temporary regulations shall expire on the date of issuance of the regulations under paragraph (2).

(2) Final regulations.—Not later than 1 year after such date of enactment, the Secretary shall issue regulations to carry out subsections (c) and (d) in accordance with subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5.

(3) Matters to be addressed.—The regulations issued under this subsection shall address—

(A) the safe and expeditious resumption of transportation of perishable hazardous material, including radiopharmaceuticals and other medical products, that may require timely delivery due to life-threatening situations;

(B) the means by which—

(i) noncompliant packages that present an imminent hazard are placed out-of-service until the condition is corrected; and

(ii) noncompliant packages that do not present a hazard are moved to their final destination;

(C) appropriate training and equipment for inspectors; and

(D) the proper closure of packaging in accordance with the hazardous material regulations.

(f) Facility, Staff, and Reporting System on Risks, Emergencies, and Actions.—(1) The Secretary shall—

(A) maintain a facility and technical staff sufficient to provide, within the United States Government, the capability of evaluating a risk related to the transportation of hazardous material and material alleged to be hazardous;

(B) maintain a central reporting system and information center capable of providing information and advice to law enforcement and firefighting personnel, other interested individuals, and officers and employees of the Government and State and local governments on meeting an emergency related to the transportation of hazardous material; and

(C) conduct a continuous review on all aspects of transporting hazardous material to decide on and take appropriate actions to ensure safe transportation of hazardous material.

(2) Paragraph (1) of this subsection does not prevent the Secretary from making a contract with a private entity for use of a supplemental reporting system and information center operated and maintained by the contractor.

(g) Grants and Cooperative Agreements.—The Secretary may enter into grants and cooperative agreements with a person, agency, or instrumentality of the United States, a unit of State or local government, an Indian tribe, a foreign government (in coordination with the Department of State), an educational institution, or other appropriate entity—

(1) to expand risk assessment and emergency response capabilities with respect to the safety and security of transportation of hazardous material;

(2) to enhance emergency communications capacity as determined necessary by the Secretary, including the use of integrated, interoperable emergency communications technologies where appropriate;

(3) to conduct research, development, demonstration, risk assessment, and emergency response planning and training activities; or

(4) to otherwise carry out this chapter.

(h) Report.—The Secretary shall, once every 2 years, prepare and make available to the public on the Department of Transportation's Internet Web site a comprehensive report on the transportation of hazardous materials during the preceding 2 calendar years. The report shall include—

(1) a statistical compilation of accidents and casualties related to the transportation of hazardous material;

(2) a list and summary of applicable Government regulations, criteria, orders, and special permits;

(3) a summary of the basis for each special permit;

(4) an evaluation of the effectiveness of enforcement activities relating to a function regulated by the Secretary under section 5103(b)(1) and the degree of voluntary compliance with regulations;

(5) a summary of outstanding problems in carrying out this chapter in order of priority; and

(6) recommendations for appropriate legislation.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 779; Pub. L. 103–311, title I, §§108, 117(a)(2), Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1674, 1678; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §§7118, 7126, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1902, 1909; Pub. L. 110–244, title III, §302(e), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1618; Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title II, §32501(c), title III, §33009(a), (b)(1), (c), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 803, 836, 837; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VII, §7205, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1592.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5121(a)	49 App.:1808(a) (1st sentence, last sentence words before semicolon).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §109(a) (1st sentence, last sentence words before semicolon), (b), (c), 88 Stat. 2159.
5121(b)	49 App.:1808(b).
5121(c)	49 App.:1808(c).
5121(d)	49 App.:1808(d).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §109(d), 88 Stat. 2159; Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98–559, §1(a), 98 Stat. 2907; Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §11, 104 Stat. 3259.
5121(e)	49 App.:1808(e).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §109(e), 88 Stat. 2159; Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98–559, §1(b), 98 Stat. 2907.

In subsection (a), the words "to the extent necessary . . . his responsibilities under" and "relevant" are omitted as surplus. The word "documents" is omitted as being included in "records". The words "directly or indirectly" are omitted as surplus. The word "prescribed" is substituted for "issued" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

In subsection (b), before clause (1), the words "requirements under" are omitted as surplus. In clause (1), the words "establish and" are omitted as surplus. The word "requires" is substituted for "prescribe" for clarity and consistency.

In subsection (c)(1), before clause (A), the words "enter upon . . . and examine" and "of persons to the extent such records and properties" are omitted as surplus. In clause (B), the words "or shipment by any person" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d)(1), before clause (A), the words "establish and" are omitted as executed. In clause (B), the words "capable of" are substituted for "so as to be able to" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "technical and other" and "of communities" are omitted as surplus. The words "and employees" are added for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the Code. In clause (C), the words "in order" and "to be able to" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (e), before clause (1), the words "prepare and" and "comprehensive" are omitted as surplus. In clause (1), the word "thorough" is omitted as surplus. In clause (2), the words "in effect" are omitted as surplus. In clause (3), the words "granted or maintained" are omitted as surplus. In clause (6), the words "additional . . . as are deemed necessary or" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of the Hazardous Materials Transportation Safety and Security Reauthorization Act of 2005, referred to in subsec. (e), is the date of enactment of title VII of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 114–94 substituted "make available to the public on the Department of Transportation's Internet Web site" for "transmit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate" in introductory provisions.

2012—Subsec. (c)(1)(G). Pub. L. 112–141, §33009(a), added subpar. (G).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 112–141, §32501(c), inserted ", in person or in writing," after "proper credentials".

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 112–141, §33009(b)(1), added par. (3).

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 112–141, §33009(c), inserted "safety and" before "security".

2008—Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 110–244, §302(e)(1), substituted "special permits" for "exemptions".

Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 110–244, §302(e)(2), substituted "special permit" for "exemption".

2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary may investigate" for "Secretary of Transportation may investigate".

Pub. L. 109–59, §7118(a), inserted "conduct tests," after "investigate," and substituted "Except as provided in subsections (c) and (d), after" for "After" and "regulation prescribed, or an order, special permit, or approval issued," for "regulation prescribed".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §7118(b)(1), inserted "and property" after "records".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §7118(b)(2), inserted "property," after "records," and "for inspection" after "available" and substituted "undertakes an investigation or makes a request" for "requests".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §7118(c), amended heading and text of subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(1) The Secretary may authorize an officer, employee, or agent to inspect, at a reasonable time and in a reasonable way, records and property related to—

"(A) manufacturing, fabricating, marking, maintaining, reconditioning, repairing, testing, or distributing a packaging or a container for use by a person in transporting hazardous material in commerce; or

"(B) the transportation of hazardous material in commerce.

"(2) An officer, employee, or agent under this subsection shall display proper credentials when requested."

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §7118(d), added subsecs. (d) and (e). Former subsecs. (d) and (e) redesignated (f) and (h), respectively.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–59, §7118(d)(1), redesignated subsec. (d) as (f).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–59, §7118(e), added subsec. (g).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 109–59, §7118(f)(1), substituted "transmit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate" for "submit to the President for transmittal to the Congress" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–59, §7118(d)(1), redesignated subsec. (e) as (h).

Subsec. (h)(4). Pub. L. 109–59, §7118(f)(2), inserted "relating to a function regulated by the Secretary under section 5103(b)(1)" after "activities".

1994—Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 103–311, §117(a)(2), substituted "a packaging or a" for "a package or".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–311, §108, substituted "Report" for "Annual Report" in heading and substituted first sentence for former first sentence which read as follows: "The Secretary shall submit to the President, for submission to Congress, not later than June 15th of each year, a report about the transportation of hazardous material during the prior calendar year."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Paperless Hazard Communications Pilot Program

Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title III, §33005, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 833, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Secretary [of Transportation] may conduct pilot projects to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of using paperless hazard communications systems. At least 1 of the pilot projects under this section shall take place in a rural area.

"(b) Requirements.—In conducting pilot projects under this section, the Secretary—

"(1) may not waive the requirements under section 5110 of title 49, United States Code; and

"(2) shall consult with organizations representing—

"(A) fire services personnel;

"(B) law enforcement and other appropriate enforcement personnel;

"(C) other emergency response providers;

"(D) persons who offer hazardous material for transportation;

"(E) persons who transport hazardous material by air, highway, rail, and water; and

"(F) employees of persons who transport or offer for transportation hazardous material by air, highway, rail, and water.

"(c) Report.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of Title 23, Highways], the Secretary shall—

"(1) prepare a report on the results of the pilot projects carried out under this section, including—

"(A) a detailed description of the pilot projects;

"(B) an evaluation of each pilot project, including an evaluation of the performance of each paperless hazard communications system in such project;

"(C) an assessment of the safety and security impact of using paperless hazard communications systems, including any impact on the public, emergency response, law enforcement, and the conduct of inspections and investigations;

"(D) an analysis of the associated benefits and costs of using the paperless hazard communications systems for each mode of transportation; and

"(E) a recommendation that incorporates the information gathered in subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) on whether paperless hazard communications systems should be permanently incorporated into the Federal hazardous material transportation safety program under chapter 51 of title 49, United States Code; and

"(2) submit a final report to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives that contains the results of the pilot projects carried out under this section, including the matters described in paragraph (1).

"(d) Paperless Hazard Communications System Defined.—In this section, the term 'paperless hazard communications system' means the use of advanced communications methods, such as wireless communications devices, to convey hazard information between all parties in the transportation chain, including emergency responders and law enforcement personnel. The format of communication may be equivalent to that used by the carrier."

Hazardous Material Enforcement Training

Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title III, §33008, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 836, provided that:

"(a) In General.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act [see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of Title 23, Highways], the Secretary [of Transportation] shall develop uniform performance standards for training hazardous material inspectors and investigators on—

"(1) how to collect, analyze, and publish findings from inspections and investigations of accidents or incidents involving the transportation of hazardous material; and

"(2) how to identify noncompliance with regulations issued under chapter 51 of title 49, United States Code, and take appropriate enforcement action.

"(b) Standards and Guidelines.—The Secretary may develop—

"(1) guidelines for hazardous material inspector and investigator qualifications;

"(2) best practices and standards for hazardous material inspector and investigator training programs; and

"(3) standard protocols to coordinate investigation efforts among Federal, State, and local jurisdictions on accidents or incidents involving the transportation of hazardous material.

"(c) Availability.—The standards, protocols, and guidelines established under this section—

"(1) shall be mandatory for—

"(A) the Department of Transportation's multimodal personnel conducting hazardous material enforcement inspections or investigations; and

"(B) State employees who conduct federally funded compliance reviews, inspections, or investigations; and

"(2) shall be made available to Federal, State, and local hazardous material safety enforcement personnel."

Finalizing Regulations

Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title III, §33009(b)(2), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 837, provided that: "In accordance with section 5103(b)(2) of title 49, United States Code, not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of Title 23, Highways], the Secretary [of Transportation] shall take all actions necessary to finalize a regulation under paragraph (1) of this subsection [amending this section]."

Toll Free Number for Reporting

Pub. L. 103–311, title I, §116, Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1678, provided that: "The Secretary of Transportation shall designate a toll free telephone number for transporters of hazardous materials and other individuals to report to the Secretary possible violations of chapter 51 of title 49, United States Code, or any order or regulation issued under that chapter."

§5122. Enforcement

(a) General.—At the request of the Secretary, the Attorney General may bring a civil action in an appropriate district court of the United States to enforce this chapter or a regulation prescribed or order, special permit, or approval issued under this chapter. The court may award appropriate relief, including a temporary or permanent injunction, punitive damages, and assessment of civil penalties considering the same penalty amounts and factors as prescribed for the Secretary in an administrative case under section 5123.

(b) Imminent Hazards.—(1) If the Secretary has reason to believe that an imminent hazard exists, the Secretary may bring a civil action in an appropriate district court of the United States—

(A) to suspend or restrict the transportation of the hazardous material responsible for the hazard; or

(B) to eliminate or mitigate the hazard.

(2) On request of the Secretary, the Attorney General shall bring an action under paragraph (1) of this subsection.

(c) Withholding of Clearance.—(1) If any owner, operator, or individual in charge of a vessel is liable for a civil penalty under section 5123 of this title or for a fine under section 5124 of this title, or if reasonable cause exists to believe that such owner, operator, or individual in charge may be subject to such a civil penalty or fine, the Secretary of Homeland Security, upon the request of the Secretary, shall with respect to such vessel refuse or revoke any clearance required by section 60105 of title 46.

(2) Clearance refused or revoked under this subsection may be granted upon the filing of a bond or other surety satisfactory to the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 780; Pub. L. 104–324, title III, §312(a), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3920; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §§7119, 7126, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1905, 1909; Pub. L. 109–304, §17(h)(1), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1709.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5122(a)	49 App.:1808(a) (last sentence words after semicolon).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §§109(a) (last sentence words after semicolon), 111(a), 88 Stat. 2159, 2161.
	49 App.:1810(a).
5122(b)	49 App.:1810(b).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §111(b), 88 Stat. 2161; Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §3(b), 104 Stat. 3247.

In this section, the words "bring a civil action" are substituted for "bring an action in" in 49 App.:1810 and "petition . . . for an order . . . for such other order" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

In subsection (a), the text of 49 App.:1808(a) (last sentence words after semicolon) and the words "for equitable relief" in 49 App.:1810(a) are omitted as surplus. The words "enforce this chapter" are substituted for "redress a violation by any person of a provision of this chapter" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "regulation prescribed or order issued" are substituted for "order or regulation issued" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the Code. The words "The court may award appropriate relief, including" are substituted for "Such district courts shall have jurisdiction to determine such actions and may grant such relief as is necessary or appropriate, including mandatory or prohibitive injunctive relief, interim equitable relief, and" to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (b)(1), before clause (A), the words "as is necessary" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2006—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 109–304 substituted "Secretary of Homeland Security" and "section 60105 of title 46" for "Secretary of the Treasury" and "section 4197 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (46 App. U.S.C. 91)", respectively.

2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation".

Pub. L. 109–59, §7119(a), substituted "this chapter or a regulation prescribed or order, special permit, or approval" for "this chapter or a regulation prescribed or order" and "The court may award appropriate relief, including a temporary or permanent injunction, punitive damages, and assessment of civil penalties considering the same penalty amounts and factors as prescribed for the Secretary in an administrative case under section 5123" for "The court may award appropriate relief, including punitive damages".

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 109–59, §7119(b), substituted "or mitigate the hazard" for "or ameliorate the hazard".

1996—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–324 added subsec. (c).

§5123. Civil penalty

(a) Penalty.—(1) A person that knowingly violates this chapter or a regulation, order, special permit, or approval issued under this chapter is liable to the United States Government for a civil penalty of not more than $75,000 for each violation. A person acts knowingly when—

(A) the person has actual knowledge of the facts giving rise to the violation; or

(B) a reasonable person acting in the circumstances and exercising reasonable care would have that knowledge.

(2) If the Secretary finds that a violation under paragraph (1) results in death, serious illness, or severe injury to any person or substantial destruction of property, the Secretary may increase the amount of the civil penalty for such violation to not more than $175,000.

(3) If the violation is related to training, a person described in paragraph (1) shall be liable for a civil penalty of at least $450.

(4) A separate violation occurs for each day the violation, committed by a person that transports or causes to be transported hazardous material, continues.

(b) Hearing Requirement.—The Secretary may find that a person has violated this chapter or a regulation prescribed or order, special permit, or approval issued under this chapter only after notice and an opportunity for a hearing. The Secretary shall impose a penalty under this section by giving the person written notice of the amount of the penalty.

(c) Penalty Considerations.—In determining the amount of a civil penalty under this section, the Secretary shall consider—

(1) the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the violation;

(2) with respect to the violator, the degree of culpability, any history of prior violations, the ability to pay, and any effect on the ability to continue to do business; and

(3) other matters that justice requires.

(d) Civil Actions To Collect.—The Attorney General may bring a civil action in an appropriate district court of the United States to collect a civil penalty under this section and any accrued interest on the civil penalty as calculated in accordance with section 1005 of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (33 U.S.C. 2705). In the civil action, the amount and appropriateness of the civil penalty shall not be subject to review.

(e) Compromise.—The Secretary may compromise the amount of a civil penalty imposed under this section before referral to the Attorney General.

(f) Setoff.—The Government may deduct the amount of a civil penalty imposed or compromised under this section from amounts it owes the person liable for the penalty.

(g) Depositing Amounts Collected.—Amounts collected under this section shall be deposited in the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts.

(h) Penalty for Obstruction of Inspections and Investigations.—

(1) The Secretary may impose a penalty on a person who obstructs or prevents the Secretary from carrying out inspections or investigations under subsection (c) or (i) of section 5121.

(2) For the purposes of this subsection, the term "obstructs" means actions that were known, or reasonably should have been known, to prevent, hinder, or impede an investigation.

(i) Prohibition on Hazardous Material Operations After Nonpayment of Penalties.—

(1) In general.—Except as provided under paragraph (2), a person subject to the jurisdiction of the Secretary under this chapter who fails to pay a civil penalty assessed under this chapter, or fails to arrange and abide by an acceptable payment plan for such civil penalty, may not conduct any activity regulated under this chapter beginning on the 91st day after the date specified by order of the Secretary for payment of such penalty unless the person has filed a formal administrative or judicial appeal of the penalty.

(2) Exception.—Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any person who is unable to pay a civil penalty because such person is a debtor in a case under chapter 11 of title 11.

(3) Rulemaking.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary, after providing notice and an opportunity for public comment, shall issue regulations that—

(A) set forth procedures to require a person who is delinquent in paying civil penalties to cease any activity regulated under this chapter until payment has been made or an acceptable payment plan has been arranged; and

(B) ensures ¹ that the person described in subparagraph (A)—

(i) is notified in writing; and

(ii) is given an opportunity to respond before the person is required to cease the activity.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 780; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §§7120(a)–(c), 7126, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1905, 1906, 1909; Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title III, §33010, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 837.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5123(a)(1)	49 App.:1809(a)(1) (1st sentence less 3d–16th words, 2d sentence words before 4th comma, 3d sentence).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §110(a)(1), 88 Stat. 2160; Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §12(a)(1), 104 Stat. 3259.
	49 App.:1809(a)(3).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, 88 Stat. 2156, §110(a)(3); added Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §12(a)(2), 104 Stat. 3259.
5123(a)(2)	49 App.:1809(a)(1) (2d sentence words after 4th comma).
5123(b)	49 App.:1809(a)(1) (1st sentence 3d–16th words, 4th sentence).
5123(c)	49 App.:1809(a)(1) (last sentence).
5123(d), (e)	49 App.:1809(a)(2) (1st sentence).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §110(a)(2), 88 Stat. 2160.
5123(f)	49 App.:1809(a)(2) (2d sentence).
5123(g)	49 App.:1809(a)(2) (last sentence).

In subsection (a)(1), before clause (1), the words "A person that knowingly violates this chapter or a regulation prescribed or order issued under this chapter is liable to the United States Government for a civil penalty of at least $250 but not more than $25,000 for each violation" are substituted for 49 App.:1809(a)(1) (1st sentence less 3d–16th words, 2d sentence words before 4th comma, 3d sentence) to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (b), the word "impose" is substituted for "assessed" for consistency.

In subsection (c)(2), the words "the violator" are substituted for "the person found to have committed such violation" to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (f), the words "imposed or compromised" are substituted for "of such penalty, when finally determined (or agreed upon in compromise)" to eliminate unnecessary words and for consistency. The words "liable for the penalty" are substituted for "charged" for clarity.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (i)(3), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 112–141, which was approved July 6, 2012.

Amendments

2012—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 112–141, §33010(1)(A), in introductory provisions, struck out "at least $250 but" after "civil penalty of" and substituted "$75,000" for "$50,000".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 112–141, §33010(1)(B), substituted "$175,000" for "$100,000".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 112–141, §33010(1)(C), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: "If the violation is related to training, paragraph (1) shall be applied by substituting '$450' for '$250'."

Subsecs. (h), (i). Pub. L. 112–141, §33010(2), added subsecs. (h) and (i).

2005—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §7120(a)(1), in introductory provisions substituted "regulation, order, special permit, or approval issued" for "regulation prescribed or order issued" and "$50,000" for "$25,000".

Subsec. (a)(2) to (4). Pub. L. 109–59, §7120(a)(2), (3), added pars. (2) and (3) and redesignated former par. (2) as (4).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary may" for "Secretary of Transportation may".

Pub. L. 109–59, §7120(b), substituted "regulation prescribed or order, special permit, or approval issued" for "regulation prescribed".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–59, §7120(c), substituted "section and any accrued interest on the civil penalty as calculated in accordance with section 1005 of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (33 U.S.C. 2705). In the civil action, the amount and appropriateness of the civil penalty shall not be subject to review." for "section."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 2005 Amendment

Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §7120(d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1906, provided that:

"(1) Hearing requirement.—The amendment made by subsection (b) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 10, 2005], and shall apply with respect to violations described in section 5123(a) of title 49, United States Code (as amended by this section), that occur on or after that date.

"(2) Civil actions to collect.—The amendment made by subsection (c) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to civil penalties imposed on violations described in section 5123(a) of title 49, United States Code (as amended by this section), that occur on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 10, 2005]."

¹ So in original. Probably should be "ensure".

§5124. Criminal penalty

(a) In General.—A person knowingly violating section 5104(b) or willfully or recklessly violating this chapter or a regulation, order, special permit, or approval issued under this chapter shall be fined under title 18, imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both; except that the maximum amount of imprisonment shall be 10 years in any case in which the violation involves the release of a hazardous material that results in death or bodily injury to any person.

(b) Knowing Violations.—For purposes of this section—

(1) a person acts knowingly when—

(A) the person has actual knowledge of the facts giving rise to the violation; or

(B) a reasonable person acting in the circumstances and exercising reasonable care would have that knowledge; and

(2) knowledge of the existence of a statutory provision, or a regulation or a requirement required by the Secretary, is not an element of an offense under this section.

(c) Willful Violations.—For purposes of this section, a person acts willfully when—

(1) the person has knowledge of the facts giving rise to the violation; and

(2) the person has knowledge that the conduct was unlawful.

(d) Reckless Violations.—For purposes of this section, a person acts recklessly when the person displays a deliberate indifference or conscious disregard to the consequences of that person's conduct.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 781; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §7121, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1906.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5124	49 App.:1809(b).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §110(b), 88 Stat. 2161; restated Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §12(b), 104 Stat. 3259.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2005—Pub. L. 109–59 reenacted section catchline without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "A person knowingly violating section 5104(b) of this title or willfully violating this chapter or a regulation prescribed or order issued under this chapter shall be fined under title 18, imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both."

§5125. Preemption

(a) General.—Except as provided in subsections (b), (c), and (e) of this section and unless authorized by another law of the United States, a requirement of a State, political subdivision of a State, or Indian tribe is preempted if—

(1) complying with a requirement of the State, political subdivision, or tribe and a requirement of this chapter, a regulation prescribed under this chapter, or a hazardous materials transportation security regulation or directive issued by the Secretary of Homeland Security is not possible; or

(2) the requirement of the State, political subdivision, or tribe, as applied or enforced, is an obstacle to accomplishing and carrying out this chapter, a regulation prescribed under this chapter, or a hazardous materials transportation security regulation or directive issued by the Secretary of Homeland Security.

(b) Substantive Differences.—(1) Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section and unless authorized by another law of the United States, a law, regulation, order, or other requirement of a State, political subdivision of a State, or Indian tribe about any of the following subjects, that is not substantively the same as a provision of this chapter, a regulation prescribed under this chapter, or a hazardous materials transportation security regulation or directive issued by the Secretary of Homeland Security, is preempted:

(A) the designation, description, and classification of hazardous material.

(B) the packing, repacking, handling, labeling, marking, and placarding of hazardous material.

(C) the preparation, execution, and use of shipping documents related to hazardous material and requirements related to the number, contents, and placement of those documents.

(D) the written notification, recording, and reporting of the unintentional release in transportation of hazardous material and other written hazardous materials transportation incident reporting involving State or local emergency responders in the initial response to the incident.

(E) the designing, manufacturing, fabricating, inspecting, marking, maintaining, reconditioning, repairing, or testing a package, container, or packaging component that is represented, marked, certified, or sold as qualified for use in transporting hazardous material in commerce.

(2) If the Secretary prescribes or has prescribed under section 5103(b), 5104, 5110, or 5112 of this title or prior comparable provision of law a regulation or standard related to a subject referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection, a State, political subdivision of a State, or Indian tribe may prescribe, issue, maintain, and enforce only a law, regulation, standard, or order about the subject that is substantively the same as a provision of this chapter or a regulation prescribed or order issued under this chapter. The Secretary shall decide on and publish in the Federal Register the effective date of section 5103(b) of this title for any regulation or standard about any of those subjects that the Secretary prescribes. The effective date may not be earlier than 90 days after the Secretary prescribes the regulation or standard nor later than the last day of the 2-year period beginning on the date the Secretary prescribes the regulation or standard.

(3) If a State, political subdivision of a State, or Indian tribe imposes a fine or penalty the Secretary decides is appropriate for a violation related to a subject referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection, an additional fine or penalty may not be imposed by any other authority.

(c) Compliance With Section 5112(b) Regulations.—(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, after the last day of the 2-year period beginning on the date a regulation is prescribed under section 5112(b) of this title, a State or Indian tribe may establish, maintain, or enforce a highway routing designation over which hazardous material may or may not be transported by motor vehicles, or a limitation or requirement related to highway routing, only if the designation, limitation, or requirement complies with section 5112(b), and is published in the Department's hazardous materials route registry under section 5112(c).

(2)(A) A highway routing designation, limitation, or requirement established before the date a regulation is prescribed under section 5112(b) of this title does not have to comply with section 5112(b)(1)(B), (C), and (F).

(B) This subsection and section 5112 of this title do not require a State or Indian tribe to comply with section 5112(b)(1)(I) if the highway routing designation, limitation, or requirement was established before November 16, 1990.

(C) The Secretary may allow a highway routing designation, limitation, or requirement to continue in effect until a dispute related to the designation, limitation, or requirement is resolved under section 5112(d) of this title.

(d) Decisions on Preemption.—(1) A person (including a State, political subdivision of a State, or Indian tribe) directly affected by a requirement of a State, political subdivision, or tribe may apply to the Secretary, as provided by regulations prescribed by the Secretary, for a decision on whether the requirement is preempted by subsection (a), (b)(1), or (c) of this section or section 5119(f). The Secretary shall publish notice of the application in the Federal Register. The Secretary shall issue a decision on an application for a determination within 180 days after the date of the publication of the notice of having received such application, or the Secretary shall publish a statement in the Federal Register of the reason why the Secretary's decision on the application is delayed, along with an estimate of the additional time necessary before the decision is made. After notice is published, an applicant may not seek judicial relief on the same or substantially the same issue until the Secretary takes final action on the application or until 180 days after the application is filed, whichever occurs first.

(2) After consulting with States, political subdivisions of States, and Indian tribes, the Secretary shall prescribe regulations for carrying out paragraph (1) of this subsection.

(3) Subsection (a) of this section does not prevent a State, political subdivision of a State, or Indian tribe, or another person directly affected by a requirement, from seeking a decision on preemption from a court of competent jurisdiction instead of applying to the Secretary under paragraph (1) of this subsection.

(e) Waiver of Preemption.—A State, political subdivision of a State, or Indian tribe may apply to the Secretary for a waiver of preemption of a requirement the State, political subdivision, or tribe acknowledges is preempted by subsection (a), (b)(1), or (c) of this section or section 5119(f). Under a procedure the Secretary prescribes by regulation, the Secretary may waive preemption on deciding the requirement—

(1) provides the public at least as much protection as do requirements of this chapter and regulations prescribed under this chapter; and

(2) is not an unreasonable burden on commerce.

(f) Fees.—(1) A State, political subdivision of a State, or Indian tribe may impose a fee related to transporting hazardous material only if the fee is fair and used for a purpose related to transporting hazardous material, including enforcement and planning, developing, and maintaining a capability for emergency response.

(2) A State or political subdivision thereof or Indian tribe that levies a fee in connection with the transportation of hazardous materials shall biennially report to the Secretary on—

(A) the basis on which the fee is levied upon persons involved in such transportation;

(B) the purposes for which the revenues from the fee are used;

(C) the annual total amount of the revenues collected from the fee; and

(D) such other matters as the Secretary requests.

(g) Application of Each Preemption Standard.—Each standard for preemption in subsection (a), (b)(1), or (c), and in section 5119(f), is independent in its application to a requirement of a State, political subdivision of a State, or Indian tribe.

(h) Non-Federal Enforcement Standards.—This section does not apply to any procedure, penalty, required mental state, or other standard utilized by a State, political subdivision of a State, or Indian tribe to enforce a requirement applicable to the transportation of hazardous material.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 781; Pub. L. 103–311, title I, §§107, 117(a)(2), 120(b), Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1674, 1678, 1681; Pub. L. 103–429, §6(6), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4378; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, §1711(b), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2320; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §§7122, 7123(a), 7126, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1907, 1909; Pub. L. 110–244, title III, §302(c), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1618; Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title III, §§33006(d), 33011, 33013(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 835, 838, 839.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5125(a)	49 App.:1811(a).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §112(a)–(e), 88 Stat. 2161; Nov. 30, 1979, Pub. L. 96–129, §216(a), 93 Stat. 1015; restated Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §13, 104 Stat. 3259.
5125(b)	49 App.:1804(a)(4), (5).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §105(a)(4), (5), (b)(4), 88 Stat. 2157; restated Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §4, 104 Stat. 3247, 3250.
5125(c)	49 App.:1804(b)(4).
5125(d)	49 App.:1811(c).
5125(e)	49 App.:1811(d).
5125(f)	49 App.:1811(e).
5125(g)	49 App.:1811(b).

In subsections (a) and (b)(1), the words "and unless authorized by Federal law" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the reference to subsections (b) and (c) is substituted for 49 App.:1811(a)(3) for clarity.

In subsection (b)(1), before clause (A), the words "ruling, provision" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(3), the word "imposes" is substituted for "assesses" for consistency.

In subsection (c)(1), the words "the procedural requirements of" and "the substantive requirements of" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c)(2)(A), the words "procedural requirements of the Federal standards established pursuant to" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (f), the words "may bring a civil action for judicial review" are substituted for "may seek judicial review . . . only by filing a petition" for consistency in the revised title.

Pub. L. 103–429

This amends 49:5125(a) and (b)(1) to clarify the restatement of 49 App.:1804(a)(4) and 1811(a) by section 1 of the Act of July 5, 1994 (Public Law 103–272, 108 Stat. 781).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2012—Subsec. (b)(1)(D). Pub. L. 112–141, §33006(d), inserted "and other written hazardous materials transportation incident reporting involving State or local emergency responders in the initial response to the incident" before period at end.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 112–141, §33013(b), inserted ", and is published in the Department's hazardous materials route registry under section 5112(c)" before period at end.

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 112–141, §33011, substituted "biennially" for ", upon the Secretary's request,".

2008—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 110–244, §302(c)(1), substituted "5119(f)" for "5119(e)".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–244, §302(c)(2), substituted "5119(f)" for "5119(b)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 110–244, §302(c)(2), (3), substituted "(a), (b)(1), or (c)" for "(b), (c)(1), or (d)" and "5119(f)" for "5119(b)".

2005—Subsec. (b)(1)(E). Pub. L. 109–59, §7122(a)(1), added subpar. (E) and struck out former subpar. (E) which read as follows: "the design, manufacturing, fabricating, marking, maintenance, reconditioning, repairing, or testing of a packaging or a container represented, marked, certified, or sold as qualified for use in transporting hazardous material."

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "If the Secretary" for "If the Secretary of Transportation".

Pub. L. 109–59, §7122(a)(2), substituted "subjects that the Secretary prescribes. The" for "subjects that the Secretary prescribes after November 16, 1990. However, the".

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §7122(b), inserted "or section 5119(e)" before period at end of first sentence.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §7122(c), inserted "or section 5119(b)" before period at end of first sentence.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–59, §7123(a), redesignated subsec. (g) as (f), realigned margins, and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (f). Text read as follows: "A party to a proceeding under subsection (d) or (e) of this section may bring a civil action in an appropriate district court of the United States for judicial review of the decision of the Secretary not later than 60 days after the decision becomes final."

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–59, §7123(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (h) as (g). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (f).

Subsecs. (h), (i). Pub. L. 109–59, §7123(a)(2), redesignated subsecs. (h) and (i) as (g) and (h), respectively.

Pub. L. 109–59, §7122(d), added subsecs. (h) and (i).

2002—Subsecs. (a), (b)(1). Pub. L. 107–296 substituted "chapter, a regulation prescribed under this chapter, or a hazardous materials transportation security regulation or directive issued by the Secretary of Homeland Security" for "chapter or a regulation prescribed under this chapter" wherever appearing.

1994—Subsecs. (a), (b)(1). Pub. L. 103–429 inserted "and unless authorized by another law of the United States" after "section" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(1)(E). Pub. L. 103–311, §117(a)(2), substituted "a packaging or a" for "a package or".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–311, §120(b), inserted after second sentence "The Secretary shall issue a decision on an application for a determination within 180 days after the date of the publication of the notice of having received such application, or the Secretary shall publish a statement in the Federal Register of the reason why the Secretary's decision on the application is delayed, along with an estimate of the additional time necessary before the decision is made."

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 103–311, §107, designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–429 effective July 5, 1994, see section 9 of Pub. L. 103–429, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.

§5126. Relationship to other laws

(a) Contracts.—A person under contract with a department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government that transports hazardous material, or causes hazardous material to be transported, or designs, manufactures, fabricates, inspects, marks, maintains, reconditions, repairs, or tests a package, container, or packaging component that is represented as qualified for use in transporting hazardous material shall comply with this chapter, regulations prescribed and orders issued under this chapter, and all other requirements of the Government, State and local governments, and Indian tribes (except a requirement preempted by a law of the United States) in the same way and to the same extent that any person engaging in that transportation, designing, manufacturing, fabricating, inspecting, marking, maintaining, reconditioning, repairing, or testing that is in or affects commerce must comply with the provision, regulation, order, or requirement.

(b) Nonapplication.—This chapter does not apply to—

(1) a pipeline subject to regulation under chapter 601 of this title; or

(2) any matter that is subject to the postal laws and regulations of the United States under this chapter or title 18 or 39.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 783; Pub. L. 103–311, title I, §117(a)(2), Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1678; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §7124, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1908; Pub. L. 110–244, title III, §302(d), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1618.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5126(a)	49 App.:1818.	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, 88 Stat. 2156, §120; added Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §20, 104 Stat. 3270.
5126(b)	49 App.:1811(f).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §112(f), 88 Stat. 2161; Nov. 30, 1979, Pub. L. 96–129, §216(a), 93 Stat. 1015; restated Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §13, 104 Stat. 3260.

In subsection (a), the word "manufactures" is substituted for "manufacturers" to correct an error in the source provisions. The words "of the executive, legislative, or judicial branch", "be subject to and", "substantive and procedural", and "this chapter or any other" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–244 amended Pub. L. 109–59. See 2005 Amendment note below.

2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §7124(4), substituted "designing, manufacturing, fabricating, inspecting, marking, maintaining, reconditioning, repairing, or testing" for "manufacturing, fabricating, marking, maintenance, reconditioning, repairing, or testing".

Pub. L. 109–59, §7124(3), as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, substituted "shall comply with this chapter" for "must comply with this chapter".

Pub. L. 109–59, §7124(1), (2), substituted "transports hazardous material, or causes hazardous material to be transported," for "transports or causes to be transported hazardous material," and "designs, manufactures, fabricates, inspects, marks, maintains, reconditions, repairs, or tests a package, container, or packaging component that is represented" for "manufactures, fabricates, marks, maintains, reconditions, repairs, or tests a packaging or a container that the person represents, marks, certifies, or sells".

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–311 substituted "a packaging or a" for "a package or".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–244 effective as of the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59 (Aug. 10, 2005) and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 109–59 as of that date, and provisions of Pub. L. 109–59, as in effect on the day before June 6, 2008, that are amended by Pub. L. 110–244 to be treated as not enacted, see section 121(b) of Pub. L. 110–244, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

§5127. Judicial review

(a) Filing and Venue.—Except as provided in section 20114(c), a person adversely affected or aggrieved by a final action of the Secretary under this chapter may petition for review of the final action in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia or in the court of appeals for the United States for the circuit in which the person resides or has its principal place of business. The petition must be filed not more than 60 days after the Secretary's action becomes final.

(b) Judicial Procedures.—When a petition is filed under subsection (a), the clerk of the court immediately shall send a copy of the petition to the Secretary. The Secretary shall file with the court a record of any proceeding in which the final action was issued, as provided in section 2112 of title 28.

(c) Authority of Court.—The court has exclusive jurisdiction, as provided in subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5, to affirm or set aside any part of the Secretary's final action and may order the Secretary to conduct further proceedings.

(d) Requirement for Prior Objection.—In reviewing a final action under this section, the court may consider an objection to a final action of the Secretary only if the objection was made in the course of a proceeding or review conducted by the Secretary or if there was a reasonable ground for not making the objection in the proceeding.

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §7123(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1907.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5127 was renumbered section 5128 of this title.

§5128. Authorization of appropriations

(a) In General.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this chapter (except sections 5107(e), 5108(g)(2), 5113, 5115, 5116, and 5119)—

(1) $67,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;

(2) $68,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;

(3) $69,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;

(4) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and

(5) $71,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.

(b) Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness Fund.—From the Hazardous Materials Preparedness Fund established under section 5116(h), the Secretary may expend, for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026—

(1) $39,050,000 to carry out section 5116(a);

(2) $150,000 to carry out section 5116(e);

(3) $625,000 to publish and distribute the Emergency Response Guidebook under section 5116(h)(3); and

(4) $2,000,000 to carry out section 5116(i).

(c) Hazardous Materials Training Grants.—From the Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness Fund established pursuant to section 5116(h), the Secretary may expend $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026 to carry out section 5107(e).

(d) Community Safety Grants.—Of the amounts made available under subsection (a) to carry out this chapter, the Secretary shall withhold $4,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026 to carry out section 5107(i).

(e) Credits to Appropriations.—

(1) Expenses.—In addition to amounts otherwise made available to carry out this chapter, the Secretary may credit amounts received from a State, Indian tribe, or other public authority or private entity for expenses the Secretary incurs in providing training to the State, Indian tribe, authority or entity.

(2) Availability of amounts.—Amounts made available under this section shall remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 783, §5127; Pub. L. 103–311, title I, §§103, 119(b), (c)(4), Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1673, 1680; renumbered §5128 and amended Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §§7123(b), 7125, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1907, 1908; Pub. L. 110–244, title III, §302(f), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1618; Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title III, §33017, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 841; Pub. L. 113–159, title I, §1301, Aug. 8, 2014, 128 Stat. 1847; Pub. L. 114–21, title I, §1301, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 225; Pub. L. 114–41, title I, §1301, July 31, 2015, 129 Stat. 453; Pub. L. 114–73, title I, §1301, Oct. 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 575; Pub. L. 114–87, title I, §1301, Nov. 20, 2015, 129 Stat. 684; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VII, §7101, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1588; Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title VI, §26001, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 881.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5127(a)	49 App.:1812(a).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §115, 88 Stat. 2164; July 19, 1975, Pub. L. 94–56, §4, 89 Stat. 264; Oct. 11, 1976, Pub. L. 94–474, §3, 90 Stat. 2068; Sept. 30, 1978, Pub. L. 95–403, 92 Stat. 863; Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98–559, §2, 98 Stat. 2907; restated Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §14, 104 Stat. 3260; Oct. 24, 1992, Pub. L. 102–508, §504, 106 Stat. 3311.
5127(b)	49 App.:1816(d).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, 88 Stat. 2156, §118(d); added Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §18, 104 Stat. 3269; Oct. 24, 1992, Pub. L. 102–508, §506, 106 Stat. 3312.
5127(c)	49 App.:1815(i)(3).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, 88 Stat. 2156, §117A(i); added Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §17, 104 Stat. 3268.
5127(d)	49 App.:1815(i)(1), (2), (4).
5127(e)	49 App.:1819(h) (1st sentence).	Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, 88 Stat. 2156, §121(h); added Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, §22, 104 Stat. 3272.
5127(f)	49 App.:1812(b).
5127(g)	49 App.:1815(i)(5).
	49 App.:1819(h) (last sentence).

In the section, references to fiscal years 1991 and 1992 are omitted as obsolete.

In subsections (b), (c)(1), and (d), the words "amounts in" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c), the text of 49 App.:1815(i)(3)(A) is omitted as obsolete.

In subsection (c)(2), the words "relating to dissemination of the curriculum" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–58 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to authorization of appropriations for fiscal years 2016 to 2020.

2015—Pub. L. 114–94 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to authorization of appropriations for fiscal years 2013 to 2015.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 114–41, §1301(a)(2), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: "$35,615,474 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015."

Pub. L. 114–21, §1301(a), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: "$28,468,948 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015."

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 114–87, §1301(a), amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows: "$5,958,639 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015."

Pub. L. 114–73, §1301(a), amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows: "$3,388,246 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015."

Pub. L. 114–41, §1301(a), added par. (4).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 114–41, §1301(b)(1), substituted "Fiscal years 2013 through 2015"for "Fiscal years 2013 and 2014" in heading and "fiscal years 2013 through 2015" for "fiscal years 2013 and 2014" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 114–87, §1301(b), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "From the Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness Fund established under section 5116(i), the Secretary may expend for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015—

"(A) $26,197 to carry out section 5115;

"(B) $3,037,705 to carry out subsections (a) and (b) of section 5116, of which not less than $1,902,049 shall be available to carry out section 5116(b);

"(C) $20,902 to carry out section 5116(f);

"(D) $87,090 to publish and distribute the Emergency Response Guidebook under section 5116(i)(3); and

"(E) $139,344 to carry out section 5116(j)."

Pub. L. 114–73, §1301(b), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "From the Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness Fund established under section 5116(i), the Secretary may expend for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015—

"(A) $14,896 to carry out section 5115;

"(B) $1,727,322 to carry out subsections (a) and (b) of section 5116, of which not less than $1,081,557 shall be available to carry out section 5116(b);

"(C) $11,885 to carry out section 5116(f);

"(D) $49,522 to publish and distribute the Emergency Response Guidebook under section 5116(i)(3); and

"(E) $79,235 to carry out section 5116(j)."

Pub. L. 114–41, §1301(b)(2), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "From the Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness Fund established under section 5116(i), the Secretary may expend for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015—

"(A) $156,581 to carry out section 5115;

"(B) $18,156,712 to carry out subsections (a) and (b) of section 5116, of which not less than $11,368,767 shall be available to carry out section 5116(b);

"(C) $124,932 to carry out section 5116(f);

"(D) $520,548 to publish and distribute the Emergency Response Guidebook under section 5116(i)(3); and

"(E) $832,877 to carry out section 5116(j)."

Pub. L. 114–21, §1301(b), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "From the Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness Fund established under section 5116(i), the Secretary may expend for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015—

"(A) $125,162 to carry out section 5115;

"(B) $14,513,425 to carry out subsections (a) and (b) of section 5116, of which not less than $9,087,534 shall be available to carry out section 5116(b);

"(C) $99,863 to carry out section 5116(f);

"(D) $416,096 to publish and distribute the Emergency Response Guidebook under section 5116(i)(3); and

"(E) $665,753 to carry out section 5116(j)."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–87, §1301(c), substituted "and $710,383 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015," for "and $557,377 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1301(c), substituted "and $557,377 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015," for "and $316,940 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1301(c), substituted "each of fiscal years 2013 through 2015 and $316,940 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015," for "each of the fiscal years 2013 and 2014 and $3,331,507 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1301(c), substituted "and $3,331,507 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015," for "and $2,663,014 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,".

2014—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 113–159, §1301(a), added par. (3).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–159, §1301(b), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and inserted heading, redesignated former pars. (1) to (5) as subpars. (A) to (E), respectively, of par. (1) and realigned margins, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 113–159, §1301(c), inserted "and $2,663,014 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015," after "2014".

2012—Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to authorization of appropriations for fiscal years 2005 to 2008.

2008—Pub. L. 110–244 substituted "Authorization" for "Authorizations" in section catchline.

2005—Pub. L. 109–59, §7125, substituted "Authorizations" for "Authorization" in section catchline and amended text generally, substituting provisions relating to authorization of appropriations for fiscal years 2005 to 2008, consisting of subsecs. (a) to (f), for provisions relating to authorization of appropriations for fiscal years 1993 to 1998, consisting of subsecs. (a) to (g).

Pub. L. 109–59, §7123(b), renumbered section 5127 of this title as this section.

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–311, §103, substituted "fiscal year 1993, $18,000,000 for fiscal year 1994, $18,540,000 for fiscal year 1995, $19,100,000 for fiscal year 1996, and $19,670,000 for fiscal year 1997" for "the fiscal year ending September 30, 1993,".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–311, §119(c)(4), amended subsec. (b)(1) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b)(1) read as follows:

"(b) Hazmat Employee Training.—(1) Not more than $250,000 is available to the Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences from the account established under section 5116(i) of this title for each of the fiscal years ending September 30, 1993–1998, to carry out section 5107(e) of this title."

Pub. L. 103–311, §119(b), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

CHAPTER 53—PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

        

        

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §§3008(c), 3009(b), 3017(b), 3030(b)–(d), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1469, 1473, 1487, 1496, 1497, substituted "Public transportation innovation" for "Research, development, demonstration, and deployment projects" in item 5312, "Technical assistance and workforce development" for "Technical assistance and standards development" in item 5314, and "Grants for buses and bus facilities" for "Bus and bus facilities formula grants" in item 5339, and struck out item 5313 "Transit cooperative research program", item 5319 "Bicycle facilities", and item 5322 "Human resources and training".

2012—Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20030(k), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 731, amended generally the analysis for this chapter, adding item 5326, substituting "Policies and purposes" for "Policies, findings, and purposes" in item 5301, "Statewide and nonmetropolitan transportation planning" for "Statewide transportation planning" in item 5304, "Fixed guideway capital investment grants" for "Capital investment grants" in item 5309, "Formula grants for the enhanced mobility of seniors and individuals with disabilities" for "Formula grants for special needs of elderly individuals and individuals with disabilities" in item 5310, "Formula grants for rural areas" for "Formula grants for other than urbanized areas" in item 5311, "Technical assistance and standards development" for "National research programs" in item 5314, "Private sector participation" for "National transit institute" in item 5315, "Human resources and training" for "Human resource programs" in item 5322, "General provisions" for "General provisions on assistance" in item 5323, "Public transportation emergency relief program" for "Special provisions for capital projects" in item 5324, "Public transportation safety program" for "Investigations of safety hazards and security risks" in item 5329, "State of good repair grants" for "Apportionment based on fixed guideway factors" in item 5337, and "Bus and bus facilities formula grants" for "Alternatives analysis program" in item 5339, and striking out items 5308 "Clean fuels grant program", 5316 "Job access and reverse commute formula grants", 5317 "New freedom program", 5320 "Alternative transportation in parks and public lands, and 5328 "Project review".

2005—Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §§3002(b)(1), 3005(c), 3006(c), 3007(b), 3010(b), 3011(b), 3012(c), 3013(i), 3014(e)(2), 3015(b)(2), 3016(d), 3018(b), 3019(b), 3021(b), 3024(b), 3025(b), 3028(d), 3029(b), 3033(b), 3035(b), 3038(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1544, 1559, 1566, 1568, 1573, 1588, 1593, 1596, 1597, 1600, 1605, 1608, 1614, 1620, 1622, 1625, 1627, 1629, 1638, substituted "PUBLIC" for "MASS" in chapter heading, substituted "transportation planning" for "planning" in item 5303, "Statewide transportation planning" for "Transportation improvement program" in item 5304, "Planning programs" for "Transportation management areas" in item 5305, "grant program" for "formula grant program" in item 5308, "grants" for "grants and loans" in item 5309, "Formula grants" for "Formula grants and loans" in item 5310, "grants" for "grant" in item 5311, "deployment" for "training" in item 5312, "Transit cooperative research program" for "State planning and research programs" in item 5313, "research programs" for "planning and research programs" in item 5314, "Alternative transportation in parks and public lands" for "Suspended light rail system technology pilot project" in item 5320, "Special provisions for capital projects" for "Limitations on discretionary and special needs grants and loans" in item 5324, "Investigations of safety hazards and security risks" for "Investigation of safety hazards" in item 5329, "State safety oversight" for "Withholding amounts for noncompliance with safety requirements" in item 5330, "National transit database" for "Reports and audits" in item 5335, and "Apportionment based on fixed guideway factors" for "Apportionment of appropriations for fixed guideway modernization" in item 5337, added items 5316, 5317, and 5340, and struck out item 5326 "Special procurements".

Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3037(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1636, which directed amendment of the analysis for chapter 53 by striking the item relating to section 5339 and inserting a new item 5339, was executed by adding the new item 5339 after item 5338 to reflect the probable intent of Congress, because no item for section 5339 had been enacted.

1998—Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §§3007(a)(2), 3008(b), 3009(b), 3014(b), 3017(b), 3025(b)(2), title V, §5110(c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 347, 352, 359, 361, 365, 444, substituted "Urbanized area formula grants" for "Block grants" in item 5307, "Clean fuels formula grant program" for "Mass Transit Account block grants" in item 5308, "Capital investment" for "Discretionary" in item 5309, "Formula grant" for "Financial assistance" in item 5311, and "transit" for "mass transportation" in item 5315, struck out items 5316 "University research institutes" and 5317 "Transportation centers", and inserted "provisions" after "Administrative" in item 5334.

Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3013(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 359, which directed insertion of "formula" before "grants" in item 5310, was executed by substituting "Formula grants" for "Grants" to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3027(d), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(o)(2), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 858, substituted "formula grants" for "block grants" in item 5336.

¹ Section repealed by Pub. L. 112–141 without corresponding amendment of chapter analysis.

§5301. Policies and purposes

(a) Declaration of Policy.—It is in the interest of the United States, including the economic interest of the United States, to foster the development and revitalization of public transportation systems with the cooperation of both public transportation companies and private companies engaged in public transportation.

(b) General Purposes.—The purposes of this chapter are to—

(1) provide funding to support public transportation;

(2) improve the development and delivery of capital projects;

(3) establish standards for the state of good repair of public transportation infrastructure and vehicles;

(4) promote continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive planning that improves the performance of the transportation network;

(5) establish a technical assistance program to assist recipients under this chapter to more effectively and efficiently provide public transportation service;

(6) continue Federal support for public transportation providers to deliver high quality service to all users, including individuals with disabilities, seniors, and individuals who depend on public transportation;

(7) support research, development, demonstration, and deployment projects dedicated to assisting in the delivery of efficient and effective public transportation service; and

(8) promote the development of the public transportation workforce.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 785; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §§3002(b)(4), 3003, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1545; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20003, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 622.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5301(a)	49 App.:1607(a) (1st sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §8(a) (1st sentence); added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §305(b), 92 Stat. 2743; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §310, 101 Stat. 227; restated Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3012, 105 Stat. 2098.
5301(b)	49 App.:1601(a).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §2, 78 Stat. 302; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3005, 105 Stat. 2088.
	49 App.:1601b.	Nov. 26, 1974, Pub. L. 93–503, §2, 88 Stat. 1566.
5301(c)	49 App.:1601a (1st sentence).	Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91–453, §1, 84 Stat. 962.
5301(d)	49 App.:1612(a).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §16(a); added Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91–453, §8, 84 Stat. 967; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3021(1), 105 Stat. 2110.
5301(e)	49 App.:1610(a) (1st sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §14(a) (1st sentence), 78 Stat. 308; Sept. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89–562, §2(a)(1), 80 Stat. 715; restated Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91–453, §6, 84 Stat. 966.
5301(f)	49 App.:1601(b).
	49 App.:1601a (last sentence).

In subsection (b)(1), the words "the predominant part" in 49 App.:1601(a)(1) and "lives in urban areas" in 49 App.:1601b(1) are omitted because of the restatement. The words "metropolitan and other" in 49 App.:1601(a)(1) are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(2), the words "housing, urban renewal, highway, and other", "being", "the . . . provision of", and "transportation and other" in 49 App.:1601(a)(2) are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(4), the words "the early 1970's" are substituted for "recent years" in 49 App.:1601b(4), and the words "minimal mass transportation service" are substituted for "this essential public service", for clarity.

In subsection (b)(5), the word "particularly" in 49 App.:1601b(5) is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(6), the words "were . . . in the early 1970's" are substituted for "now" in 49 App.:1601b(6) for clarity. The words "engaged in", "actually", and "comprehensive" in 49 App.:1601b(6) are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(9), the word "many" in 49 App.:1601(b)(7) is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c), the text of 49 App.:1601a (1st sentence words after semicolon) is omitted as executed.

In subsections (d) and (e), the words "hereby declared to be" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d), the words "to ensure that mass transportation can be used by elderly individuals and individuals with disabilities" are substituted for "in the planning and design of mass transportation facilities and services so that the availability to elderly persons and persons with disabilities of mass transportation which they can effectively utilize will be assured" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "the field of" and "(including the programs under this chapter) . . . contain provisions" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (e), the words "carrying out" are substituted for "construction of", and the word "capital" is added, for consistency in the revised chapter. The reference to section 5310 of the revised title is added for clarity because a loan or grant made under section 5310 is deemed to have been made under section 5309.

In subsection (f)(5), the words "local" and "to exercise the initiative necessary" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2012—Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to policies, findings, and purposes.

2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §3003(a), amended heading and text of subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "It is in the interest of the United States to encourage and promote the development of transportation systems that embrace various modes of transportation and efficiently maximize mobility of individuals and goods in and through urbanized areas and minimize transportation-related fuel consumption and air pollution."

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §3003(b), substituted "two-thirds" for "70 percent" and "urbanized areas" for "urban areas".

Subsecs. (b)(4), (6) to (9), (d). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §3003(c), substituted "a" for "an urban" and struck out "under sections 5309 and 5310 of this title" before period at end.

Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation".

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §3003(d)(1), substituted "public transportation equipment" for "mass transportation equipment" and "both public transportation companies and private companies engaged in public transportation" for "public and private mass transportation companies".

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §3003(d)(2), substituted "public transportation systems" for "urban mass transportation systems" and "both public transportation companies and private companies engaged in public transportation" for "public and private mass transportation companies".

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §3003(d)(3), substituted "public transportation systems" for "urban mass transportation systems" and "public transportation companies or private companies engaged in public transportation" for "public or private mass transportation companies".

Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 109–59, §3003(d)(4), substituted "public" for "urban mass".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Federal Transit Administration Grants

Pub. L. 117–2, title III, §3401, Mar. 11, 2021, 135 Stat. 72, provided that:

"(a) Federal Transit Administration Appropriation.—

"(1) In general.—In addition to amounts otherwise made available, there are appropriated for fiscal year 2021, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $30,461,355,534, to remain available until September 30, 2024, that shall—

"(A) be for grants to eligible recipients under sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5311 of title 49, United States Code, to prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus; and

"(B) not be subject to any prior restriction on the total amount of funds available for implementation or execution of programs authorized under sections 5307, 5310, or 5311 of such title.

"(2) Availability of funds for operating expenses.—

"(A) In general.—Notwithstanding subsection (a)(1) or (b) of section 5307 and section 5310(b)(2)(A) of title 49, United States Code, funds provided under this section, other than subsection (b)(4), shall be available for the operating expenses of transit agencies to prevent, prepare for, and respond to the coronavirus public health emergency, including, beginning on January 20, 2020—

"(i) reimbursement for payroll of public transportation (including payroll and expenses of private providers of public transportation);

"(ii) operating costs to maintain service due to lost revenue due as a result of the coronavirus public health emergency, including the purchase of personal protective equipment; and

"(iii) paying the administrative leave of operations or contractor personnel due to reductions in service.

"(B) Use of funds.—Funds described in subparagraph (A) shall be—

"(i) available for immediate obligation, notwithstanding the requirement for such expenses to be included in a transportation improvement program, long-range transportation plan, statewide transportation plan, or statewide transportation improvement program under sections 5303 and 5304 of title 49, United States Code;

"(ii) directed to payroll and operations of public transportation (including payroll and expenses of private providers of public transportation), unless the recipient certifies to the Administrator of the Federal Transit Administration that the recipient has not furloughed any employees;

"(iii) used to provide a Federal share of the costs for any grant made under this section of 100 percent.

"(b) Allocation of Funds.—

"(1) Urbanized area formula grants.—

"(A) In general.—Of the amounts made available under subsection (a), $26,086,580,227 shall be for grants to recipients and subrecipients under section 5307 of title 49, United States Code, and shall be administered as if such funds were provided under section 5307 of such title.

"(B) Allocation.—Amounts made available under subparagraph (A) shall be apportioned to urbanized areas based on data contained in the National Transit Database such that—

"(i) each urbanized area shall receive an apportionment of an amount that, when combined with amounts that were otherwise made available to such urbanized area for similar activities to prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus, is equal to 132 percent of the urbanized area's 2018 operating costs; and

"(ii) for funds remaining after the apportionment described in clause (i), such funds shall be apportioned such that each urbanized area that did not receive an apportionment under clause (i) shall receive an apportionment equal to 25 percent of the urbanized area's 2018 operating costs.

"(2) Formula grants for the enhanced mobility of seniors and individuals with disabilities.—

"(A) In general.—Of the amounts made available under subsection (a), $50,000,000 shall be for grants to recipients or subrecipients eligible under section 5310 of title 49, United States Code, and shall be apportioned in accordance with such section.

"(B) Allocation ratio.—Amounts made available under subparagraph (A) shall be allocated in the same ratio as funds were provided under section 5310 of title 49, United States Code, for fiscal year 2020.

"(3) Formula grants for rural areas.—

"(A) In general.—Of the amounts made available under subsection (a), $317,214,013 shall be for grants to recipients or subrecipients eligible under section 5311 of title 49, United States Code, and shall be administered as if the funds were provided under section 5311 of such title, and shall be apportioned in accordance with such section, except as described in paragraph (B).

"(B) Allocation ratio.—Amounts made available under subparagraph (A) to States, as defined in section 5302 of title 49, United States Code, shall be allocated to such States based on data contained in the National Transit Database, such that—

"(i) any State that received an amount for similar activities to prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus that is equal to or greater than 150 percent of the combined 2018 rural operating costs of the recipients and subrecipients in such State shall receive an amount equal to 5 percent of such State's 2018 rural operating costs;

"(ii) any State that does not receive an allocation under clause (i) that received an amount for similar activities to prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus that is equal to or greater than 140 percent of the combined 2018 rural operating costs of the recipients and subrecipients in that State shall receive an amount equal to 10 percent of such State's 2018 rural operating costs; and

"(iii) any State that does not receive an allocation under clauses (i) or (ii) shall receive an amount equal to 20 percent of such State's 2018 rural operating costs.

"(4) Capital investments.—

"(A) In general.—Of the amounts made available under subsection (a)—

"(i) $1,425,000,000 shall be for grants administered under subsections (d) and (e) of section 5309 of title 49, United States Code; and

"(ii) $250,000,000 shall be for grants administered under subsection (h) of section 5309 of title 49, United States Code.

"(B) Funding distribution.—

"(i) In general.—Of the amounts made available in subparagraph (A)(i), $1,250,000,000 shall be provided to each recipient for all projects with existing full funding grant agreements that received allocations for fiscal year 2019 or 2020, except that recipients with projects open for revenue service are not eligible to receive a grant under this subparagraph. Funds shall be provided proportionally based on the non-capital investment grant share of the amount allocated.

"(ii) Allocation.—Of the amounts made available in subparagraph (A)(i), $175,000,000 shall be provided to each recipient for all projects with existing full funding grant agreements that received an allocation only prior to fiscal year 2019, except that projects open for revenue service are not eligible to receive a grant under this subparagraph and no project may receive more than 40 percent of the amounts provided under this clause. The Administrator of the Federal Transit Administration shall proportionally distribute funds in excess of such percent to recipients for which the percent of funds does not exceed 40 percent. Funds shall be provided proportionally based on the non-capital investment grant share of the amount allocated.

"(iii) Eligible recipients.—For amounts made available in subparagraph (A)(ii), eligible recipients shall be any recipient of an allocation under subsection (h) of section 5309 of title 49, United States Code, or an applicant in the project development phase described in paragraph (2) of such subsection.

"(iv) Amount.—Amounts distributed under clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) of subparagraph (A) shall be provided notwithstanding the limitation of any calculation of the maximum amount of Federal financial assistance for the project under subsection (k)(2)(C)(ii) or (h)(7) of section 5309 of title 49, United States Code.

"(5) Section 5311(f) services.—

"(A) In general.—Of the amounts made available under subsection (a) and in addition to the amounts made available under paragraph (3), $100,000,000 shall be available for grants to recipients for bus operators that partner with recipients or subrecipients of funds under section 5311(f) of title 49, United States Code.

"(B) Allocation ratio.—Notwithstanding paragraph (3), the Administrator of the Federal Transit Administration shall allocate amounts under subparagraph (A) in the same ratio as funds were provided under section 5311 of title 49, United States Code, for fiscal year 2020.

"(C) Exception.—If a State or territory does not have bus providers eligible under section 5311(f) of title 49, United States Code, funds under this paragraph may be used by such State or territory for any expense eligible under section 5311 of title 49, United States Code.

"(6) Planning.—

"(A) In general.—Of the amounts made available under subsection (a), $25,000,000 shall be for grants to recipients eligible under section 5307 of title 49, United States Code, for the planning of public transportation associated with the restoration of services as the coronavirus public health emergency concludes and shall be available in accordance with such section.

"(B) Availability of funds for route planning.—Amounts made available under subparagraph (A) shall be available for route planning designed to—

"(i) increase ridership and reduce travel times, while maintaining or expanding the total level of vehicle revenue miles of service provided in the planning period; or

"(ii) make service adjustments to increase the quality or frequency of service provided to low-income riders and disadvantaged neighborhoods or communities.

"(C) Limitation.—Amounts made available under subparagraph (A) shall not be used for route planning related to transitioning public transportation service provided as of the date of receipt of funds to a transportation network company or other third-party contract provider, unless the existing provider of public transportation service is a third-party contract provider.

"(7) Recipients and subrecipients requiring additional assistance.—

"(A) In general.—Of the amounts made available under subsection (a), $2,207,561,294 shall be for grants to eligible recipients or subrecipients of funds under sections 5307 or 5311 of title 49, United States Code, that, as a result of COVID–19, require additional assistance for costs related to operations, personnel, cleaning, and sanitization combating the spread of pathogens on transit systems, and debt service payments incurred to maintain operations and avoid layoffs and furloughs.

"(B) Administration.—Funds made available under subparagraph (A) shall, after allocation, be administered as if provided under paragraph (1) or (3), as applicable.

"(C) Application requirements.—

"(i) In general.—The Administrator of the Federal Transit Administration may not allocate funds to an eligible recipient or subrecipient of funds under chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code, unless the recipient provides to the Administrator—

     "(I) estimates of financial need;

     "(II) data on reductions in farebox or other sources of local revenue for sustained operations;

     "(III) a spending plan for such funds; and

     "(IV) demonstration of expenditure of greater than 90 percent of funds available to the applicant from funds made available for similar activities in fiscal year 2020.

"(ii) Deadlines.—The Administrator of the Federal Transit Administration shall—

     "(I) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 11, 2021], issue a Notice of Funding Opportunity for assistance under this paragraph; and

     "(II) not later than 120 days after the application deadline established in the Notice of Funding Opportunity under subclause (I), make awards under this paragraph to selected applicants.

"(iii) Evaluation.—

     "(I) In general.—Applications for assistance under this paragraph shall be evaluated by the Administrator of the Federal Transit Administration based on the level of financial need demonstrated by an eligible recipient or subrecipient, including projections of future financial need to maintain service as a percentage of the 2018 operating costs that has not been replaced by the funds made available to the eligible recipient or subrecipient under paragraphs (1) through (5) of this subsection when combined with the amounts allocated to such eligible recipient or subrecipient from funds previously made available for the operating expenses of transit agencies related to the response to the COVID–19 public health emergency.

     "(II) Restriction.—Amounts made available under this paragraph shall only be available for operating expenses.

"(iv) State applicants.—A State may apply for assistance under this paragraph on behalf of an eligible recipient or subrecipient or a group of eligible recipients or subrecipients.

"(D) Unobligated funds.—If amounts made available under this paragraph remain unobligated on September 30, 2023, such amounts shall be available for any purpose eligible under sections 5307 or 5311 of title 49, United States Code."

Contracting Out Study

Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3032, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 385, as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(v), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 861, provided that a study of the effect of contracting out mass transportation operation and administrative functions was to be arranged between the Secretary of Transportation and the Transportation Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences no later than 6 months after June 9, 1998, and made available funds for fiscal year 1999.

Commute-to-Work Benefits

Pub. L. 102–240, title VIII, §8004, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2206, provided that:

"(a) Findings.—The Congress finds that—

"(1) current Federal policy places commuter transit benefits at a disadvantage compared to drive-to-work benefits;

"(2) this Federal policy is inconsistent with important national policy objectives, including the need to conserve energy, reduce reliance on energy imports, lessen congestion, and clean our Nation's air;

"(3) commuter transit benefits should be part of a comprehensive solution to national transportation and air pollution problems;

"(4) current Federal law allows employers to provide only up to $21 per month in employee benefits for transit or van pools;

"(5) the current 'cliff provision', which treats an entire commuter transit benefit as taxable income if it exceeds $21 per month, unduly penalizes the most effective employer efforts to change commuter behavior;

"(6) employer-provided commuter transit incentives offer many public benefits, including increased access of low-income persons to good jobs, inexpensive reduction of roadway and parking congestion, and cost-effective incentives for timely arrival at work; and

"(7) legislation to provide equitable treatment of employer-provided commuter transit benefits has been introduced with bipartisan support in both the Senate and House of Representatives.

"(b) Policy.—The Congress strongly supports Federal policy that promotes increased use of employer-provided commuter transit benefits. Such a policy 'levels the playing field' between transportation modes and is consistent with important national objectives of energy conservation, reduced reliance on energy imports, lessened congestion, and clean air."

§5302. Definitions

Except as otherwise specifically provided, in this chapter the following definitions apply:

(1) Assault on a transit worker.—The term "assault on a transit worker" means a circumstance in which an individual knowingly, without lawful authority or permission, and with intent to endanger the safety of any individual, or with a reckless disregard for the safety of human life, interferes with, disables, or incapacitates a transit worker while the transit worker is performing the duties of the transit worker.

(2) Associated transit improvement.—The term "associated transit improvement" means, with respect to any project or an area to be served by a project, projects that are designed to enhance public transportation service or use and that are physically or functionally related to transit facilities. Eligible projects are—

(A) historic preservation, rehabilitation, and operation of historic public transportation buildings, structures, and facilities (including historic bus and railroad facilities) intended for use in public transportation service;

(B) bus shelters;

(C) functional landscaping and streetscaping, including benches, trash receptacles, and street lights;

(D) pedestrian access and walkways;

(E) bicycle access, including bicycle storage shelters and parking facilities and the installation of equipment for transporting bicycles on public transportation vehicles;

(F) signage; or

(G) enhanced access for persons with disabilities to public transportation.

(3) Bus rapid transit system.—The term "bus rapid transit system" means a bus transit system—

(A) in which the majority of each line operates in a separated right-of-way dedicated for public transportation use during peak periods; and

(B) that includes features that emulate the services provided by rail fixed guideway public transportation systems, including—

(i) defined stations;

(ii) traffic signal priority for public transportation vehicles;

(iii) short headway bidirectional services for a substantial part of weekdays and weekend days; and

(iv) any other features the Secretary may determine are necessary to produce high-quality public transportation services that emulate the services provided by rail fixed guideway public transportation systems.

(4) Capital project.—The term "capital project" means a project for—

(A) acquiring, constructing, supervising, or inspecting equipment or a facility for use in public transportation, expenses incidental to the acquisition or construction (including designing, engineering, location surveying, mapping, and acquiring rights-of-way), payments for the capital portions of rail trackage rights agreements, transit-related intelligent transportation systems, relocation assistance, acquiring replacement housing sites, and acquiring, constructing, relocating, and rehabilitating replacement housing;

(B) rehabilitating a bus;

(C) remanufacturing a bus;

(D) overhauling rail rolling stock;

(E) preventive maintenance;

(F) leasing equipment or a facility for use in public transportation;

(G) a joint development improvement that—

(i) enhances economic development or incorporates private investment, such as commercial and residential development;

(ii)(I) enhances the effectiveness of public transportation and is related physically or functionally to public transportation; or

(II) establishes new or enhanced coordination between public transportation and other transportation;

(iii) provides a fair share of revenue that will be used for public transportation;

(iv) provides that if equipment to fuel privately owned zero-emission passenger vehicles is installed, the recipient of assistance under this chapter shall collect fees from users of the equipment in order to recover the costs of construction, maintenance, and operation of the equipment;

(v) provides that a person making an agreement to occupy space in a facility constructed under this paragraph shall pay a fair share of the costs of the facility through rental payments and other means; and

(vi) may include—

(I) property acquisition;

(II) demolition of existing structures;

(III) site preparation;

(IV) utilities;

(V) building foundations;

(VI) walkways;

(VII) pedestrian and bicycle access to a public transportation facility;

(VIII) construction, renovation, and improvement of intercity bus and intercity rail stations and terminals;

(IX) renovation and improvement of historic transportation facilities;

(X) open space;

(XI) safety and security equipment and facilities (including lighting, surveillance, and related intelligent transportation system applications);

(XII) facilities that incorporate community services such as daycare or health care;

(XIII) a capital project for, and improving, equipment or a facility for an intermodal transfer facility or transportation mall;

(XIV) construction of space for commercial uses; and

(XV) technology to fuel a zero-emission vehicle;

(H) the introduction of new technology, through innovative and improved products, into public transportation;

(I) the provision of nonfixed route paratransit transportation services in accordance with section 223 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12143), but only for grant recipients that are in compliance with applicable requirements of that Act, including both fixed route and demand responsive service, and only for amounts—

(i) not to exceed 10 percent of such recipient's annual formula apportionment under sections 5307 and 5311; or

(ii) not to exceed 20 percent of such recipient's annual formula apportionment under sections 5307 and 5311, if, consistent with guidance issued by the Secretary, the recipient demonstrates that the recipient meets at least 2 of the following requirements:

(I) Provides an active fixed route travel training program that is available for riders with disabilities.

(II) Provides that all fixed route and paratransit operators participate in a passenger safety, disability awareness, and sensitivity training class on at least a biennial basis.

(III) Has memoranda of understanding in place with employers and the American Job Center to increase access to employment opportunities for people with disabilities.

(J) establishing a debt service reserve, made up of deposits with a bondholder's trustee, to ensure the timely payment of principal and interest on bonds issued by a grant recipient to finance an eligible project under this chapter;

(K) mobility management—

(i) consisting of short-range planning and management activities and projects for improving coordination among public transportation and other transportation service providers carried out by a recipient or subrecipient through an agreement entered into with a person, including a governmental entity, under this chapter (other than section 5309); but

(ii) excluding operating public transportation services;

(L) associated capital maintenance, including—

(i) equipment, tires, tubes, and material, each costing at least .5 percent of the current fair market value of rolling stock comparable to the rolling stock for which the equipment, tires, tubes, and material are to be used; and

(ii) reconstruction of equipment and material, each of which after reconstruction will have a fair market value of at least .5 percent of the current fair market value of rolling stock comparable to the rolling stock for which the equipment and material will be used;

(M) associated transit improvements; or

(N) technological changes or innovations to modify low or no emission vehicles (as defined in section 5339(c)) or facilities.

(5) Designated recipient.—The term "designated recipient" means—

(A) an entity designated, in accordance with the planning process under sections 5303 and 5304, by the Governor of a State, responsible local officials, and publicly owned operators of public transportation, to receive and apportion amounts under section 5336 to urbanized areas of 200,000 or more in population; or

(B) a State or regional authority, if the authority is responsible under the laws of a State for a capital project and for financing and directly providing public transportation.

(6) Disability.—The term "disability" has the same meaning as in section 3(1) of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12102).

(7) Emergency regulation.—The term "emergency regulation" means a regulation—

(A) that is effective temporarily before the expiration of the otherwise specified periods of time for public notice and comment under section 5334(c); and

(B) prescribed by the Secretary as the result of a finding that a delay in the effective date of the regulation—

(i) would injure seriously an important public interest;

(ii) would frustrate substantially legislative policy and intent; or

(iii) would damage seriously a person or class without serving an important public interest.

(8) Fixed guideway.—The term "fixed guideway" means a public transportation facility—

(A) using and occupying a separate right-of-way for the exclusive use of public transportation;

(B) using rail;

(C) using a fixed catenary system;

(D) for a passenger ferry system; or

(E) for a bus rapid transit system.

(9) Governor.—The term "Governor"—

(A) means the Governor of a State, the mayor of the District of Columbia, and the chief executive officer of a territory of the United States; and

(B) includes the designee of the Governor.

(10) Job access and reverse commute project.—

(A) In general.—The term "job access and reverse commute project" means a transportation project to finance planning, capital, and operating costs that support the development and maintenance of transportation services designed to transport welfare recipients and eligible low-income individuals to and from jobs and activities related to their employment, including transportation projects that facilitate the provision of public transportation services from urbanized areas and rural areas to suburban employment locations.

(B) Definitions.—In this paragraph:

(i) Eligible low-income individual.—The term "eligible low-income individual" means an individual whose family income is at or below 150 percent of the poverty line (as that term is defined in section 673(2) of the Community Service Block Grant Act (42 U.S.C. 9902(2)), including any revision required by that section) for a family of the size involved.

(ii) Welfare recipient.—The term "welfare recipient" means an individual who has received assistance under a State or tribal program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) at any time during the 3-year period before the date on which the applicant applies for a grant under section 5307 or 5311.

(11) Local governmental authority.—The term "local governmental authority" includes—

(A) a political subdivision of a State;

(B) an authority of at least 1 State or political subdivision of a State;

(C) an Indian tribe; and

(D) a public corporation, board, or commission established under the laws of a State.

(12) Low-income individual.—The term "low-income individual" means an individual whose family income is at or below 150 percent of the poverty line, as that term is defined in section 673(2) of the Community Services Block Grant Act (42 U.S.C. 9902(2)), including any revision required by that section, for a family of the size involved.

(13) Net project cost.—The term "net project cost" means the part of a project that reasonably cannot be financed from revenues.

(14) New bus model.—The term "new bus model" means a bus model (including a model using alternative fuel)—

(A) that has not been used in public transportation in the United States before the date of production of the model; or

(B) used in public transportation in the United States, but being produced with a major change in configuration or components.

(15) Public transportation.—The term "public transportation"—

(A) means regular, continuing shared-ride surface transportation services that are open to the general public or open to a segment of the general public defined by age, disability, or low income; and

(B) does not include—

(i) intercity passenger rail transportation provided by the entity described in chapter 243 (or a successor to such entity);

(ii) intercity bus service;

(iii) charter bus service;

(iv) school bus service;

(v) sightseeing service;

(vi) courtesy shuttle service for patrons of one or more specific establishments; or

(vii) intra-terminal or intra-facility shuttle services.

(16) Regulation.—The term "regulation" means any part of a statement of general or particular applicability of the Secretary designed to carry out, interpret, or prescribe law or policy in carrying out this chapter.

(17) Rural area.—The term "rural area" means an area encompassing a population of less than 50,000 people that has not been designated in the most recent decennial census as an "urbanized area" by the Secretary of Commerce.

(18) Secretary.—The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Transportation.

(19) Senior.—The term "senior" means an individual who is 65 years of age or older.

(20) State.—The term "State" means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands.

(21) State of good repair.—The term "state of good repair" has the meaning given that term by the Secretary, by rule, under section 5326(b).

(22) Transit.—The term "transit" means public transportation.

(23) Urban area.—The term "urban area" means an area that includes a municipality or other built-up place that the Secretary, after considering local patterns and trends of urban growth, decides is appropriate for a local public transportation system to serve individuals in the locality.

(24) Urbanized area.—The term "urbanized area" means an area encompassing a population of not less than 50,000 people that has been defined and designated in the most recent decennial census as an "urbanized area" by the Secretary of Commerce.

(25) Value capture.—The term "value capture" means recovering the increased property value to property located near public transportation resulting from investments in public transportation.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 786; Pub. L. 103–331, title III, §335A, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2495; Pub. L. 104–50, title III, §333(a), Nov. 15, 1995, 109 Stat. 457; Pub. L. 104–287, §6(c), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3398; Pub. L. 105–102, §3(a), Nov. 20, 1997, 111 Stat. 2214; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3003, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 338; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 852; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §§3002(b)(4), 3004, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1545; Pub. L. 110–244, title II, §201(a), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1609; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20004, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 623; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3002, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1446; Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30001(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 889.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5302(a)(1)	49 App.:1608(c)(1).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §12(c)(1), 78 Stat. 306; Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, §1109, 79 Stat. 507; Sept. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89–562, §2(a)(1), 80 Stat. 715; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20, 81 Stat. 25; Aug. 1, 1968, Pub. L. 90–448, §702, 82 Stat. 535; restated Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §308(b), 92 Stat. 2746; Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §309(a), 96 Stat. 2151; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §309(a), 101 Stat. 227.
	49 App.:1608(c)(7), (8).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §12(c)(3)–(9), 78 Stat. 306; Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, §1109, 79 Stat. 507; Sept. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89–562, §2(a)(1), 80 Stat. 715; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20, 81 Stat. 25; Aug. 1, 1968, Pub. L. 90–448, §702, 82 Stat. 535; restated Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §308(b), 92 Stat. 2746; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3016, 105 Stat. 2108.
5302(a)(2)	49 App.:1608(c)(3).
5302(a)(3)	49 App.:1608(c)(13).	July 9, 1965, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §12(c)(12), (13); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §318(b)(3), 101 Stat. 234.
5302(a)(4)	49 App.:1608(c)(2).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §12(c)(2), 78 Stat. 306; Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, §1109, 79 Stat. 507; Sept. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89–562, §2(a)(1), 80 Stat. 715; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20, 81 Stat. 25; Aug. 1, 1968, Pub. L. 90–448, §702, 82 Stat. 535; restated Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §308(b), 92 Stat. 2746; Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §309(b), 96 Stat. 2151.
5302(a)(5)	49 App.:1608(c)(4) (1st sentence).
5302(a)(6)	49 App.:1608(c)(5).
5302(a)(7)	49 App.:1608(c)(6).
5302(a)(8)	(no source).
5302(a)(9)	49 App.:1608(h)(2).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §12(h)(2); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §317(a), 101 Stat. 233; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §6021(a), 105 Stat. 2184.
	49 App.:1608 (note).	Apr. 2, 1988, Pub. L. 100–17, §317(b)(4), 101 Stat. 233.
5302(a)(10)	49 App.:1608(c)(12).
5302(a)(11)	49 App.:1608(c)(9).
5302(a)(12)	49 App.:1608(c)(10).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §12(c)(10), (11), 78 Stat. 306; Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, §1109, 79 Stat. 507; Sept. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89–562, §2(a)(1), 80 Stat. 715; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20, 81 Stat. 25; Aug. 1, 1968, Pub. L. 90–448, §702, 82 Stat. 535; restated Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §308(b), 92 Stat. 2746; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §318(b)(1), (2), 101 Stat. 234.
5302(a)(13)	49 App.:1608(c)(11).
5302(b)	49 App.:1608(c)(4) (last sentence).

In this chapter, the words "local governmental authority" are substituted for "local public body" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the text of 49 App.:1608(c)(7) is omitted as surplus. The text of 49 App.:1608(c)(8) is omitted because the complete title of the Secretary of Transportation is used the first time the term appears in a section. In clause (1), before subclause (A), the words "capital project" are substituted for "construction" for clarity. In subclause (A), the words "actual", "all", and "reconstruction" are omitted as surplus. In subclause (D), the words "(whether or not such overhaul increases the useful life of the rolling stock)" are omitted as surplus. In clause (2), the words "for each of the jurisdictions included in the definition of 'State' " are omitted as surplus. In clauses (3) and (10), the word "regulation" is substituted for "rule" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the Code and because the terms are synonymous. In clause (3)(B)(iii), the words "of persons" are omitted as surplus. In clauses (4) and (5), the word "mass" is substituted for "public" because of the restatement. In clause (4)(A), the words "including, but not limited to, fixed rail, automated guideway transit, and exclusive facilities for buses" are omitted as surplus. In clause (6)(A), the words "municipalities and other" are omitted as surplus. In clause (6)(B), the word "authority" is substituted for "public agencies and instrumentalities" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the Code. The word "municipalities" is omitted as surplus. In clause (7), the words "bus, or rail, or other", "either publicly or privately owned", and "on a . . . basis" are omitted as surplus. Clause (8) is added for clarity because the term "net project cost" has the same meaning throughout this chapter. In clause (11), the words "the Commonwealths of" are omitted as surplus. In clause (12), the word "individuals" is substituted for "commuters or others" to eliminate unnecessary words. In clause (13)(A), the words "in the case of any such area" and "entire" are omitted as surplus. The words "Secretary of Commerce" are substituted for "Bureau of the Census" because of 15:1511(e). In clause (13)(B), the words "so designated by the Bureau of Census", "which shall be", "responsible", and "in cooperation with each other" are omitted as surplus.

Subsection (b) applies to section 5307(d)(1)(D) of the revised title because of 49 App.:1607a(e)(1), restated as section 5307(n)(2) of the revised title.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, referred to in par. (4)(I), is Pub. L. 101–336, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 327, which is classified principally to chapter 126 (§12101 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12101 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Social Security Act, referred to in par. (10)(B)(ii), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Part A of title IV of the Act is classified generally to part A (§601 et seq.) of subchapter IV of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–58 added par. (1), redesignated former pars. (1) to (24) as (2) to (25), respectively; in subpar. (G) of par. (4), added cl. (iv) and redesignated former cls. (iv) and (v) as (v) and (vi), respectively; and in cl. (vi) of subpar. (G) of par. (4), added subcl. (XV).

2015—Par. (1)(C). Pub. L. 114–94, §3002(1)(A), inserted "functional" before "landscaping and".

Par. (1)(E). Pub. L. 114–94, §3002(1)(B), substituted "bicycle storage shelters and parking facilities and the installation of equipment" for "bicycle storage facilities and installing equipment".

Par. (3)(F). Pub. L. 114–94, §3002(2)(A), added subpar. (F) and struck out former subpar. (F), which read as follows: "leasing equipment or a facility for use in public transportation, subject to regulations that the Secretary prescribes limiting the leasing arrangements to those that are more cost-effective than purchase or construction;".

Par. (3)(G)(iv). Pub. L. 114–94, §3002(2)(B)(i), inserted "and" at end.

Par. (3)(G)(v)(XIV). Pub. L. 114–94, §3002(2)(B)(ii), struck out "and" at end.

Par. (3)(G)(vi). Pub. L. 114–94, §3002(2)(B)(iii), struck out cl. (vi), which read as follows: "does not include outfitting of commercial space (other than an intercity bus or rail station or terminal) or a part of a public facility not related to public transportation;".

Par. (3)(I). Pub. L. 114–94, §3002(2)(C), added subpar. (I) and struck out former subpar. (I), which read as follows: "the provision of nonfixed route paratransit transportation services in accordance with section 223 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12143), but only for grant recipients that are in compliance with applicable requirements of that Act, including both fixed route and demand responsive service, and only for amounts not to exceed 10 percent of such recipient's annual formula apportionment under sections 5307 and 5311;".

Par. (3)(M), (N). Pub. L. 114–94, §3002(2)(D)–(F), added subpars. (M) and (N).

Par. (24). Pub. L. 114–94, §3002(3), added par. (24).

2012—Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally, substituting pars. (1) to (23) for former provisions defining terms for this chapter consisting of subsecs. (a) and (b).

2008—Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 110–244 substituted "charter, sightseeing," for "charter,".

2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §3004(a), substituted "Except as otherwise specifically provided, in this chapter" for "In this chapter" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(1)(A), (F). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation".

Subsec. (a)(1)(G). Pub. L. 109–59, §3004(b)(1), inserted "construction, renovation, and improvement of intercity bus and intercity rail stations and terminals," after "public transportation facility," in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation" wherever appearing in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(1)(G)(ii). Pub. L. 109–59, §3004(b)(2), inserted "(other than an intercity bus station or terminal)" after "commercial revenue-producing facility".

Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation".

Subsec. (a)(1)(H). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation".

Subsec. (a)(1)(J) to (L). Pub. L. 109–59, §3004(b)(3)–(5), added subpars. (J) to (L).

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation" in introductory provisions and subpar. (A).

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 109–59, §3004(c), substituted "Individual with a disability" for "Handicapped individual" in heading and "individual with a disability" for "handicapped individual" in text.

Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation" in two places.

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 109–59, §3004(d), amended heading and text of par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The term 'mass transportation' means transportation by a conveyance that provides regular and continuing general or special transportation to the public, but does not include school bus, charter, or sightseeing transportation."

Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation" in subpars. (A) and (B).

Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 109–59, §3004(e), amended heading and text of par. (10) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The term 'public transportation' means mass transportation."

Subsec. (a)(14) to (16). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (a)(17). Pub. L. 109–59, §3004(f), reenacted heading without change and amended text of par. (17) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The term 'urbanized area' means an area—

"(A) encompassing at least an urbanized area within a State that the Secretary of Commerce designates; and

"(B) designated as an urbanized area within boundaries fixed by State and local officials and approved by the Secretary."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §3004(g), substituted "Individual With a Disability" for "Handicapped Individual" in heading and "individual with a disability" for "handicapped individual" in text.

1998—Pub. L. 105–178, §3003(a), formerly §3003, as renumbered by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(a)(1), amended section generally, revising and restating existing definitions and adding new pars. defining additional terms.

Subsec. (a)(1)(G)(i). Pub. L. 105–178, §3003(b), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(a)(2), substituted "daycare or" for "daycare and".

1997—Subsec. (a)(1)(B), (C). Pub. L. 105–102 made technical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 104–50, §333(a). See 1995 Amendment notes below.

1996—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 104–287 made technical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 103–331, §335A. See 1994 Amendment note below.

1995—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 104–50, §333(a)(1), as amended by Pub. L. 105–102, §3(a)(1), struck out "that extends the economic life of a bus for at least 5 years" after "rehabilitating a bus".

Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 104–50, §333(a)(2), as amended by Pub. L. 105–102, §3(a)(2), struck out "that extends the economic life of a bus for at least 8 years" after "remanufacturing a bus".

1994—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 103–331, §335A, as amended by Pub. L. 104–287, inserted "payments for the capital portions of rail trackage rights agreements," after "rights of way),".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1997 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–102, §3(a), Nov. 20, 1997, 111 Stat. 2214, provided that the amendment made by section 3(a) is effective Nov. 15, 1995.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–102 effective as if included in the provisions of the Act to which the amendment relates, see section 3(f) of Pub. L. 105–102, set out as a note under section 106 of this title.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–287, §6(c), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3398, provided that the amendment made by section 6(c) is effective Sept. 30, 1994.

Effective Date of 1995 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–50, title III, §333(b), Nov. 15, 1995, 109 Stat. 457, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall not take effect before March 31, 1996."

§5303. Metropolitan transportation planning

(a) Policy.—It is in the national interest—

(1) to encourage and promote the safe and efficient management, operation, and development of resilient surface transportation systems that will serve the mobility needs of people and freight and foster economic growth and development within and between States and urbanized areas and better connect housing and employment, while minimizing transportation-related fuel consumption and air pollution through metropolitan and statewide transportation planning processes identified in this chapter; and

(2) to encourage the continued improvement and evolution of the metropolitan and statewide transportation planning processes by metropolitan planning organizations, State departments of transportation, and public transit operators as guided by the planning factors identified in subsection (h) and section 5304(d).

(b) Definitions.—In this section and section 5304, the following definitions apply:

(1) Metropolitan planning area.—The term "metropolitan planning area" means the geographic area determined by agreement between the metropolitan planning organization for the area and the Governor under subsection (e).

(2) Metropolitan planning organization.—The term "metropolitan planning organization" means the policy board of an organization established as a result of the designation process under subsection (d).

(3) Nonmetropolitan area.—The term "nonmetropolitan area" means a geographic area outside designated metropolitan planning areas.

(4) Nonmetropolitan local official.—The term "nonmetropolitan local official" means elected and appointed officials of general purpose local government in a nonmetropolitan area with responsibility for transportation.

(5) Regional transportation planning organization.—The term "regional transportation planning organization" means a policy board of an organization established as the result of a designation under section 5304(l).

(6) TIP.—The term "TIP" means a transportation improvement program developed by a metropolitan planning organization under subsection (j).

(7) Urbanized area.—The term "urbanized area" means a geographic area with a population of 50,000 or more, as determined by the Bureau of the Census.

(c) General Requirements.—

(1) Development of long-range plans and tips.—To accomplish the objectives in subsection (a), metropolitan planning organizations designated under subsection (d), in cooperation with the State and public transportation operators, shall develop long-range transportation plans and transportation improvement programs through a performance-driven, outcome-based approach to planning for metropolitan areas of the State.

(2) Contents.—The plans and TIPs for each metropolitan area shall provide for the development and integrated management and operation of transportation systems and facilities (including accessible pedestrian walkways, bicycle transportation facilities, and intermodal facilities that support intercity transportation, including intercity buses and intercity bus facilities and commuter vanpool providers) that will function as an intermodal transportation system for the metropolitan planning area and as an integral part of an intermodal transportation system for the State and the United States.

(3) Process of development.—The process for developing the plans and TIPs shall provide for consideration of all modes of transportation and shall be continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive to the degree appropriate, based on the complexity of the transportation problems to be addressed.

(d) Designation of Metropolitan Planning Organizations.—

(1) In general.—To carry out the transportation planning process required by this section, a metropolitan planning organization shall be designated for each urbanized area with a population of more than 50,000 individuals—

(A) by agreement between the Governor and units of general purpose local government that together represent at least 75 percent of the affected population (including the largest incorporated city (based on population) as determined by the Bureau of the Census); or

(B) in accordance with procedures established by applicable State or local law.

(2) Structure.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, each metropolitan planning organization that serves an area designated as a transportation management area shall consist of—

(A) local elected officials;

(B) officials of public agencies that administer or operate major modes of transportation in the metropolitan area, including representation by providers of public transportation; and

(C) appropriate State officials.

(3) Representation.—

(A) In general.—Designation or selection of officials or representatives under paragraph (2) shall be determined by the metropolitan planning organization according to the bylaws or enabling statute of the organization.

(B) Public transportation representative.—Subject to the bylaws or enabling statute of the metropolitan planning organization, a representative of a provider of public transportation may also serve as a representative of a local municipality.

(C) Powers of certain officials.—An official described in paragraph (2)(B) shall have responsibilities, actions, duties, voting rights, and any other authority commensurate with other officials described in paragraph (2).

(D) Considerations.—In designating officials or representatives under paragraph (2) for the first time, subject to the bylaws or enabling statute of the metropolitan planning organization, the metropolitan planning organization shall consider the equitable and proportional representation of the population of the metropolitan planning area.

(4) Limitation on statutory construction.—Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to interfere with the authority, under any State law in effect on December 18, 1991, of a public agency with multimodal transportation responsibilities—

(A) to develop the plans and TIPs for adoption by a metropolitan planning organization; and

(B) to develop long-range capital plans, coordinate transit services and projects, and carry out other activities pursuant to State law.

(5) Continuing designation.—A designation of a metropolitan planning organization under this subsection or any other provision of law shall remain in effect until the metropolitan planning organization is redesignated under paragraph (6).

(6) Redesignation procedures.—

(A) In general.—A metropolitan planning organization may be redesignated by agreement between the Governor and units of general purpose local government that together represent at least 75 percent of the existing planning area population (including the largest incorporated city (based on population) as determined by the Bureau of the Census) as appropriate to carry out this section.

(B) Restructuring.—A metropolitan planning organization may be restructured to meet the requirements of paragraph (2) without undertaking a redesignation.

(7) Designation of more than 1 metropolitan planning organization.—More than 1 metropolitan planning organization may be designated within an existing urbanized area (as defined by the Bureau of the Census) only if the Governor and the existing metropolitan planning organization determine that the size and complexity of the area make designation of more than 1 metropolitan planning organization for the area appropriate.

(e) Metropolitan Planning Area Boundaries.—

(1) In general.—For the purposes of this section, the boundaries of a metropolitan planning area shall be determined by agreement between the metropolitan planning organization and the Governor.

(2) Included area.—Each metropolitan planning area—

(A) shall encompass at least the existing urbanized area and the contiguous area expected to become urbanized within a 20-year forecast period for the transportation plan; and

(B) may encompass the entire metropolitan statistical area or consolidated metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the Bureau of the Census.

(3) Identification of new urbanized areas within existing planning area boundaries.—The designation by the Bureau of the Census of new urbanized areas within an existing metropolitan planning area shall not require the redesignation of the existing metropolitan planning organization.

(4) Existing metropolitan planning areas in nonattainment.—

(A) In general.—Notwithstanding paragraph (2), except as provided in subparagraph (B), in the case of an urbanized area designated as a nonattainment area for ozone or carbon monoxide under the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.) as of the date of enactment of the SAFETEA–LU, the boundaries of the metropolitan planning area in existence as of such date of enactment shall be retained.

(B) Exception.—The boundaries described in subparagraph (A) may be adjusted by agreement of the Governor and affected metropolitan planning organizations in the manner described in subsection (d)(6).

(5) New metropolitan planning areas in nonattainment.—In the case of an urbanized area designated after the date of enactment of the SAFETEA–LU, as a nonattainment area for ozone or carbon monoxide, the boundaries of the metropolitan planning area—

(A) shall be established in the manner described in subsection (d)(1);

(B) shall encompass the areas described in paragraph (2)(A);

(C) may encompass the areas described in paragraph (2)(B); and

(D) may address any nonattainment area identified under the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.) for ozone or carbon monoxide.

(f) Coordination in Multistate Areas.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary shall encourage each Governor with responsibility for a portion of a multistate metropolitan area and the appropriate metropolitan planning organizations to provide coordinated transportation planning for the entire metropolitan area.

(2) Interstate compacts.—The consent of Congress is granted to any 2 or more States—

(A) to enter into agreements or compacts, not in conflict with any law of the United States, for cooperative efforts and mutual assistance in support of activities authorized under this section as the activities pertain to interstate areas and localities within the States; and

(B) to establish such agencies, joint or otherwise, as the States may determine desirable for making the agreements and compacts effective.

(3) Reservation of rights.—The right to alter, amend, or repeal interstate compacts entered into under this subsection is expressly reserved.

(g) MPO Consultation in Plan and TIP Coordination.—

(1) Nonattainment areas.—If more than 1 metropolitan planning organization has authority within an urbanized area (as defined by the Bureau of the Census) or an area which is designated as a nonattainment area for ozone or carbon monoxide under the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.), each metropolitan planning organization shall consult with the other metropolitan planning organizations designated for such area and the State in the coordination of plans and TIPs required by this section.

(2) Transportation improvements located in multiple mpos.—If a transportation improvement, funded under this chapter or title 23, is located within the boundaries of more than 1 metropolitan planning area, the metropolitan planning organizations shall coordinate plans and TIPs regarding the transportation improvement.

(3) Relationship with other planning officials.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary shall encourage each metropolitan planning organization to consult with officials responsible for other types of planning activities that are affected by transportation in the area (including State and local planned growth, economic development, housing, tourism, natural disaster risk reduction, environmental protection, airport operations, and freight movements) or to coordinate its planning process, to the maximum extent practicable, with such planning activities.

(B) Requirements.—Under the metropolitan planning process, transportation plans and TIPs shall be developed with due consideration of other related planning activities within the metropolitan area, and the process shall provide for the design and delivery of transportation services within the metropolitan area that are provided by—

(i) recipients of assistance under this chapter;

(ii) governmental agencies and nonprofit organizations (including representatives of the agencies and organizations) that receive Federal assistance from a source other than the Department of Transportation to provide nonemergency transportation services; and

(iii) recipients of assistance under section 204 of title 23.

(4) Coordination between mpos.—If more than 1 metropolitan planning organization is designated within an urbanized area (as defined by the Bureau of the Census) under subsection (d)(7), the metropolitan planning organizations designated within the area shall ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, the consistency of any data used in the planning process, including information used in forecasting travel demand.

(5) Savings clause.—Nothing in this subsection requires metropolitan planning organizations designated within a single urbanized area to jointly develop planning documents, including a unified long-range transportation plan or unified TIP.

(h) Scope of Planning Process.—

(1) In general.—The metropolitan planning process for a metropolitan planning area under this section shall provide for consideration of projects and strategies that will—

(A) support the economic vitality of the metropolitan area, especially by enabling global competitiveness, productivity, and efficiency;

(B) increase the safety of the transportation system for motorized and nonmotorized users;

(C) increase the security of the transportation system for motorized and nonmotorized users;

(D) increase the accessibility and mobility of people and for freight;

(E) protect and enhance the environment, promote energy conservation, improve the quality of life, and promote consistency between transportation improvements and State and local planned growth, housing, and economic development patterns;

(F) enhance the integration and connectivity of the transportation system, across and between modes, for people and freight;

(G) promote efficient system management and operation;

(H) emphasize the preservation of the existing transportation system; and

(I) improve the resiliency and reliability of the transportation system.

(2) Performance-based approach.—

(A) In general.—The metropolitan transportation planning process shall provide for the establishment and use of a performance-based approach to transportation decisionmaking to support the national goals described in section 150(b) of title 23 and the general purposes described in section 5301.

(B) Performance targets.—

(i) Surface transportation performance targets.—

(I) In general.—Each metropolitan planning organization shall establish performance targets that address the performance measures described in section 150(c) of title 23, where applicable, to use in tracking progress towards attainment of critical outcomes for the region of the metropolitan planning organization.

(II) Coordination.—Selection of performance targets by a metropolitan planning organization shall be coordinated with the relevant State to ensure consistency, to the maximum extent practicable.

(ii) Public transportation performance targets.—Selection of performance targets by a metropolitan planning organization shall be coordinated, to the maximum extent practicable, with providers of public transportation to ensure consistency with sections 5326(c) and 5329(d).

(C) Timing.—Each metropolitan planning organization shall establish the performance targets under subparagraph (B) not later than 180 days after the date on which the relevant State or provider of public transportation establishes the performance targets.

(D) Integration of other performance-based plans.—A metropolitan planning organization shall integrate in the metropolitan transportation planning process, directly or by reference, the goals, objectives, performance measures, and targets described in other State transportation plans and transportation processes, as well as any plans developed by recipients of assistance under this chapter, required as part of a performance-based program.

(3) Failure to consider factors.—The failure to consider any factor specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not be reviewable by any court under this chapter, title 23, subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5, or chapter 7 of title 5 in any matter affecting a transportation plan, a TIP, a project or strategy, or the certification of a planning process.

(i) Development of Transportation Plan.—

(1) Requirements.—

(A) In general.—Each metropolitan planning organization shall prepare and update a transportation plan for its metropolitan planning area in accordance with the requirements of this subsection.

(B) Frequency.—

(i) In general.—The metropolitan planning organization shall prepare and update such plan every 4 years (or more frequently, if the metropolitan planning organization elects to update more frequently) in the case of each of the following:

(I) Any area designated as nonattainment, as defined in section 107(d) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7407(d)).

(II) Any area that was nonattainment and subsequently designated to attainment in accordance with section 107(d)(3) of that Act (42 U.S.C. 7407(d)(3)) and that is subject to a maintenance plan under section 175A of that Act (42 U.S.C. 7505a).

(ii) Other areas.—In the case of any other area required to have a transportation plan in accordance with the requirements of this subsection, the metropolitan planning organization shall prepare and update such plan every 5 years unless the metropolitan planning organization elects to update more frequently.

(2) Transportation plan.—A transportation plan under this section shall be in a form that the Secretary determines to be appropriate and shall contain, at a minimum, the following:

(A) Identification of transportation facilities.—

(i) In general.—An identification of transportation facilities (including major roadways, public transportation facilities, intercity bus facilities, multimodal and intermodal facilities, nonmotorized transportation facilities, and intermodal connectors) that should function as an integrated metropolitan transportation system, giving emphasis to those facilities that serve important national and regional transportation functions.

(ii) Factors.—In formulating the transportation plan, the metropolitan planning organization shall consider factors described in subsection (h) as the factors relate to a 20-year forecast period.

(B) Performance measures and targets.—A description of the performance measures and performance targets used in assessing the performance of the transportation system in accordance with subsection (h)(2).

(C) System performance report.—A system performance report and subsequent updates evaluating the condition and performance of the transportation system with respect to the performance targets described in subsection (h)(2), including—

(i) progress achieved by the metropolitan planning organization in meeting the performance targets in comparison with system performance recorded in previous reports; and

(ii) for metropolitan planning organizations that voluntarily elect to develop multiple scenarios, an analysis of how the preferred scenario has improved the conditions and performance of the transportation system and how changes in local policies and investments have impacted the costs necessary to achieve the identified performance targets.

(D) Mitigation activities.—

(i) In general.—A long-range transportation plan shall include a discussion of types of potential environmental mitigation activities and potential areas to carry out these activities, including activities that may have the greatest potential to restore and maintain the environmental functions affected by the plan.

(ii) Consultation.—The discussion shall be developed in consultation with Federal, State, and tribal wildlife, land management, and regulatory agencies.

(E) Financial plan.—

(i) In general.—A financial plan that—

(I) demonstrates how the adopted transportation plan can be implemented;

(II) indicates resources from public and private sources that are reasonably expected to be made available to carry out the plan; and

(III) recommends any additional financing strategies for needed projects and programs.

(ii) Inclusions.—The financial plan may include, for illustrative purposes, additional projects that would be included in the adopted transportation plan if reasonable additional resources beyond those identified in the financial plan were available.

(iii) Cooperative development.—For the purpose of developing the transportation plan, the metropolitan planning organization, transit operator, and State shall cooperatively develop estimates of funds that will be available to support plan implementation.

(F) Operational and management strategies.—Operational and management strategies to improve the performance of existing transportation facilities to relieve vehicular congestion and maximize the safety and mobility of people and goods.

(G) Capital investment and other strategies.—Capital investment and other strategies to preserve the existing and projected future metropolitan transportation infrastructure, provide for multimodal capacity increases based on regional priorities and needs, and reduce the vulnerability of the existing transportation infrastructure to natural disasters.

(H) Transportation and transit enhancement activities.—Proposed transportation and transit enhancement activities, including consideration of the role that intercity buses may play in reducing congestion, pollution, and energy consumption in a cost-effective manner and strategies and investments that preserve and enhance intercity bus systems, including systems that are privately owned and operated.

(3) Coordination with clean air act agencies.—In metropolitan areas that are in nonattainment for ozone or carbon monoxide under the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.), the metropolitan planning organization shall coordinate the development of a transportation plan with the process for development of the transportation control measures of the State implementation plan required by that Act.

(4) Optional scenario development.—

(A) In general.—A metropolitan planning organization may, while fitting the needs and complexity of its community, voluntarily elect to develop multiple scenarios for consideration as part of the development of the metropolitan transportation plan, in accordance with subparagraph (B).

(B) Recommended components.—A metropolitan planning organization that chooses to develop multiple scenarios under subparagraph (A) shall be encouraged to consider—

(i) potential regional investment strategies for the planning horizon;

(ii) assumed distribution of population and employment;

(iii) assumed distribution of population and housing;

(iv) a scenario that, to the maximum extent practicable, maintains baseline conditions for the performance measures identified in subsection (h)(2);

(v) a scenario that improves the baseline conditions for as many of the performance measures identified in subsection (h)(2) as possible;

(vi) revenue constrained scenarios based on the total revenues expected to be available over the forecast period of the plan; and

(vii) estimated costs and potential revenues available to support each scenario.

(C) Metrics.—In addition to the performance measures identified in section 150(c) of title 23, metropolitan planning organizations may evaluate scenarios developed under this paragraph using locally-developed measures.

(5) Consultation.—

(A) In general.—In each metropolitan area, the metropolitan planning organization shall consult, as appropriate, with State and local agencies responsible for land use management, natural resources, environmental protection, conservation, and historic preservation concerning the development of a long-range transportation plan.

(B) Issues.—The consultation shall involve, as appropriate—

(i) comparison of transportation plans with State conservation plans or maps, if available; or

(ii) comparison of transportation plans to inventories of natural or historic resources, if available.

(6) Participation by interested parties.—

(A) In general.—Each metropolitan planning organization shall provide citizens, affected public agencies, representatives of public transportation employees, public ports, freight shippers, providers of freight transportation services, private providers of transportation (including intercity bus operators, employer-based commuting programs, such as a carpool program, vanpool program, transit benefit program, parking cash-out program, shuttle program, or telework program), representatives of users of public transportation, representatives of users of pedestrian walkways and bicycle transportation facilities, representatives of the disabled, affordable housing organizations, and other interested parties with a reasonable opportunity to comment on the transportation plan.

(B) Contents of participation plan.—A participation plan—

(i) shall be developed in consultation with all interested parties; and

(ii) shall provide that all interested parties have reasonable opportunities to comment on the contents of the transportation plan.

(C) Methods.—In carrying out subparagraph (A), the metropolitan planning organization shall, to the maximum extent practicable—

(i) hold any public meetings at convenient and accessible locations and times;

(ii) employ visualization techniques to describe plans; and

(iii) make public information available in electronically accessible format and means, such as the World Wide Web, as appropriate to afford reasonable opportunity for consideration of public information under subparagraph (A).

(D) Use of technology.—A metropolitan planning organization may use social media and other web-based tools—

(i) to further encourage public participation; and

(ii) to solicit public feedback during the transportation planning process.

(7) Publication.—A transportation plan involving Federal participation shall be published or otherwise made readily available by the metropolitan planning organization for public review, including (to the maximum extent practicable) in electronically accessible formats and means, such as the World Wide Web, approved by the metropolitan planning organization and submitted for information purposes to the Governor at such times and in such manner as the Secretary shall establish.

(8) Selection of projects from illustrative list.—Notwithstanding paragraph (2)(E), a State or metropolitan planning organization shall not be required to select any project from the illustrative list of additional projects included in the financial plan under paragraph (2)(E).

(j) Metropolitan TIP.—

(1) Development.—

(A) In general.—In cooperation with the State and any affected public transportation operator, the metropolitan planning organization designated for a metropolitan area shall develop a TIP for the metropolitan planning area that—

(i) contains projects consistent with the current metropolitan transportation plan;

(ii) reflects the investment priorities established in the current metropolitan transportation plan; and

(iii) once implemented, is designed to make progress toward achieving the performance targets established under subsection (h)(2).

(B) Opportunity for comment.—In developing the TIP, the metropolitan planning organization, in cooperation with the State and any affected public transportation operator, shall provide an opportunity for participation by interested parties in the development of the program, in accordance with subsection (i)(5).

(C) Funding estimates.—For the purpose of developing the TIP, the metropolitan planning organization, public transportation agency, and State shall cooperatively develop estimates of funds that are reasonably expected to be available to support program implementation.

(D) Updating and approval.—The TIP shall be—

(i) updated at least once every 4 years; and

(ii) approved by the metropolitan planning organization and the Governor.

(2) Contents.—

(A) Priority list.—The TIP shall include a priority list of proposed Federally supported projects and strategies to be carried out within each 4-year period after the initial adoption of the TIP.

(B) Financial plan.—The TIP shall include a financial plan that—

(i) demonstrates how the TIP can be implemented;

(ii) indicates resources from public and private sources that are reasonably expected to be available to carry out the program;

(iii) identifies innovative financing techniques to finance projects, programs, and strategies; and

(iv) may include, for illustrative purposes, additional projects that would be included in the approved TIP if reasonable additional resources beyond those identified in the financial plan were available.

(C) Descriptions.—Each project in the TIP shall include sufficient descriptive material (such as type of work, termini, length, and other similar factors) to identify the project or phase of the project.

(D) Performance target achievement.—The transportation improvement program shall include, to the maximum extent practicable, a description of the anticipated effect of the transportation improvement program toward achieving the performance targets established in the metropolitan transportation plan, linking investment priorities to those performance targets.

(3) Included projects.—

(A) Projects under this chapter and title 23.—A TIP developed under this subsection for a metropolitan area shall include the projects within the area that are proposed for funding under this chapter and chapter 1 of title 23.

(B) Projects under chapter 2 of title 23.—

(i) Regionally significant projects.—Regionally significant projects proposed for funding under chapter 2 of title 23 shall be identified individually in the transportation improvement program.

(ii) Other projects.—Projects proposed for funding under chapter 2 of title 23 that are not determined to be regionally significant shall be grouped in 1 line item or identified individually in the transportation improvement program.

(C) Consistency with long-range transportation plan.—Each project shall be consistent with the long-range transportation plan developed under subsection (i) for the area.

(D) Requirement of anticipated full funding.—The program shall include a project, or an identified phase of a project, only if full funding can reasonably be anticipated to be available for the project or the identified phase within the time period contemplated for completion of the project or the identified phase.

(4) Notice and comment.—Before approving a TIP, a metropolitan planning organization, in cooperation with the State and any affected public transportation operator, shall provide an opportunity for participation by interested parties in the development of the program, in accordance with subsection (i)(5).

(5) Selection of projects.—

(A) In general.—Except as otherwise provided in subsection (k)(4) and in addition to the TIP development required under paragraph (1), the selection of Federally funded projects in metropolitan areas shall be carried out, from the approved TIP—

(i) by—

(I) in the case of projects under title 23, the State; and

(II) in the case of projects under this chapter, the designated recipients of public transportation funding; and

(ii) in cooperation with the metropolitan planning organization.

(B) Modifications to project priority.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, action by the Secretary shall not be required to advance a project included in the approved TIP in place of another project in the program.

(6) Selection of projects from illustrative list.—

(A) No required selection.—Notwithstanding paragraph (2)(B)(iv), a State or metropolitan planning organization shall not be required to select any project from the illustrative list of additional projects included in the financial plan under paragraph (2)(B)(iv).

(B) Required action by the secretary.—Action by the Secretary shall be required for a State or metropolitan planning organization to select any project from the illustrative list of additional projects included in the financial plan under paragraph (2)(B)(iv) for inclusion in an approved TIP.

(7) Publication.—

(A) Publication of tips.—A TIP involving Federal participation shall be published or otherwise made readily available by the metropolitan planning organization for public review.

(B) Publication of annual listings of projects.—

(i) In general.—An annual listing of projects, including investments in pedestrian walkways and bicycle transportation facilities, for which Federal funds have been obligated in the preceding year shall be published or otherwise made available by the cooperative effort of the State, transit operator, and metropolitan planning organization for public review.

(ii) Requirement.—The listing shall be consistent with the categories identified in the TIP.

(k) Transportation Management Areas.—

(1) Identification and designation.—

(A) Required identification.—The Secretary shall identify as a transportation management area each urbanized area (as defined by the Bureau of the Census) with a population of over 200,000 individuals.

(B) Designations on request.—The Secretary shall designate any additional area as a transportation management area on the request of the Governor and the metropolitan planning organization designated for the area.

(2) Transportation plans.—In a transportation management area, transportation plans shall be based on a continuing and comprehensive transportation planning process carried out by the metropolitan planning organization in cooperation with the State and public transportation operators.

(3) Congestion management process.—

(A) In general.—Within a metropolitan planning area serving a transportation management area, the transportation planning process under this section shall address congestion management through a process that provides for effective management and operation, based on a cooperatively developed and implemented metropolitan-wide strategy, of new and existing transportation facilities eligible for funding under this chapter and title 23 through the use of travel demand reduction (including intercity bus operators, employer-based commuting programs, such as a carpool program, vanpool program, transit benefit program, parking cash-out program, shuttle program, or telework program), job access projects, and operational management strategies.

(B) Schedule.—The Secretary shall establish an appropriate phase-in schedule for compliance with the requirements of this section but no sooner than 1 year after the identification of a transportation management area.

(C) Congestion management plan.—A metropolitan planning organization serving a transportation management area may develop a plan that includes projects and strategies that will be considered in the TIP of such metropolitan planning organization. Such plan shall—

(i) develop regional goals to reduce vehicle miles traveled during peak commuting hours and improve transportation connections between areas with high job concentration and areas with high concentrations of low-income households;

(ii) identify existing public transportation services, employer-based commuter programs, and other existing transportation services that support access to jobs in the region; and

(iii) identify proposed projects and programs to reduce congestion and increase job access opportunities.

(D) Participation.—In developing the plan under subparagraph (C), a metropolitan planning organization shall consult with employers, private and non-profit providers of public transportation, transportation management organizations, and organizations that provide job access reverse commute projects or job-related services to low-income individuals.

(4) Housing coordination process.—

(A) In general.—Within a metropolitan planning area serving a transportation management area, the transportation planning process under this section may address the integration of housing, transportation, and economic development strategies through a process that provides for effective integration, based on a cooperatively developed and implemented strategy, of new and existing transportation facilities eligible for funding under this chapter and title 23.

(B) Coordination in integrated planning process.—In carrying out the process described in subparagraph (A), a metropolitan planning organization may—

(i) consult with—

(I) State and local entities responsible for land use, economic development, housing, management of road networks, or public transportation; and

(II) other appropriate public or private entities; and

(ii) coordinate, to the extent practicable, with applicable State and local entities to align the goals of the process with the goals of any comprehensive housing affordability strategies established within the metropolitan planning area pursuant to section 105 of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act (42 U.S.C. 12705) and plans developed under section 5A of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437c–1).

(C) Housing coordination plan.—

(i) In general.—A metropolitan planning organization serving a transportation management area may develop a housing coordination plan that includes projects and strategies that may be considered in the metropolitan transportation plan of the metropolitan planning organization.

(ii) Contents.—A plan described in clause (i) may—

(I) develop regional goals for the integration of housing, transportation, and economic development strategies to—

(aa) better connect housing and employment while mitigating commuting times;

(bb) align transportation improvements with housing needs, such as housing supply shortages, and proposed housing development;

(cc) align planning for housing and transportation to address needs in relationship to household incomes within the metropolitan planning area;

(dd) expand housing and economic development within the catchment areas of existing transportation facilities and public transportation services when appropriate, including higher-density development, as locally determined;

(ee) manage effects of growth of vehicle miles traveled experienced in the metropolitan planning area related to housing development and economic development;

(ff) increase share of households with sufficient and affordable access to the transportation networks of the metropolitan planning area;

(II) identify the location of existing and planned housing and employment, and transportation options that connect housing and employment; and

(III) include a comparison of transportation plans to land use management plans, including zoning plans, that may affect road use, public transportation ridership and housing development.

(5) Selection of projects.—

(A) In general.—All Federally funded projects carried out within the boundaries of a metropolitan planning area serving a transportation management area under title 23 (excluding projects carried out on the National Highway System) or under this chapter shall be selected for implementation from the approved TIP by the metropolitan planning organization designated for the area in consultation with the State and any affected public transportation operator.

(B) National highway system projects.—Projects carried out within the boundaries of a metropolitan planning area serving a transportation management area on the National Highway System shall be selected for implementation from the approved TIP by the State in cooperation with the metropolitan planning organization designated for the area.

(6) Certification.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary shall—

(i) ensure that the metropolitan planning process of a metropolitan planning organization serving a transportation management area is being carried out in accordance with applicable provisions of Federal law; and

(ii) subject to subparagraph (B), certify, not less often than once every 4 years, that the requirements of this paragraph are met with respect to the metropolitan planning process.

(B) Requirements for certification.—The Secretary may make the certification under subparagraph (A) if—

(i) the transportation planning process complies with the requirements of this section and other applicable requirements of Federal law; and

(ii) there is a TIP for the metropolitan planning area that has been approved by the metropolitan planning organization and the Governor.

(C) Effect of failure to certify.—

(i) Withholding of project funds.—If a metropolitan planning process of a metropolitan planning organization serving a transportation management area is not certified, the Secretary may withhold up to 20 percent of the funds attributable to the metropolitan planning area of the metropolitan planning organization for projects funded under this chapter and title 23.

(ii) Restoration of withheld funds.—The withheld funds shall be restored to the metropolitan planning area at such time as the metropolitan planning process is certified by the Secretary.

(D) Review of certification.—In making certification determinations under this paragraph, the Secretary shall provide for public involvement appropriate to the metropolitan area under review.

(l) Report on Performance-based Planning Processes.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the effectiveness of the performance-based planning processes of metropolitan planning organizations under this section, taking into consideration the requirements of this subsection.

(2) Report.—Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report evaluating—

(A) the overall effectiveness of performance-based planning as a tool for guiding transportation investments;

(B) the effectiveness of the performance-based planning process of each metropolitan planning organization under this section;

(C) the extent to which metropolitan planning organizations have achieved, or are currently making substantial progress toward achieving, the performance targets specified under this section and whether metropolitan planning organizations are developing meaningful performance targets; and

(D) the technical capacity of metropolitan planning organizations that operate within a metropolitan planning area with a population of 200,000 or less and their ability to carry out the requirements of this section.

(3) Publication.—The report under paragraph (2) shall be published or otherwise made available in electronically accessible formats and means, including on the Internet.

(m) Abbreviated Plans for Certain Areas.—

(1) In general.—Subject to paragraph (2), in the case of a metropolitan area not designated as a transportation management area under this section, the Secretary may provide for the development of an abbreviated transportation plan and TIP for the metropolitan planning area that the Secretary determines is appropriate to achieve the purposes of this section, taking into account the complexity of transportation problems in the area.

(2) Nonattainment areas.—The Secretary may not permit abbreviated plans or TIPs for a metropolitan area that is in nonattainment for ozone or carbon monoxide under the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.).

(n) Additional Requirements for Certain Nonattainment Areas.—

(1) In general.—Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter or title 23, for transportation management areas classified as nonattainment for ozone or carbon monoxide pursuant to the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.), Federal funds may not be advanced in such area for any highway project that will result in a significant increase in the carrying capacity for single-occupant vehicles unless the project is addressed through a congestion management process.

(2) Applicability.—This subsection applies to a nonattainment area within the metropolitan planning area boundaries determined under subsection (e).

(o) Limitation on Statutory Construction.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to confer on a metropolitan planning organization the authority to impose legal requirements on any transportation facility, provider, or project not eligible under this chapter or title 23.

(p) Funding.—Funds apportioned under section 104(b)(6) of title 23 or section 5305(g) shall be available to carry out this section.

(q) Continuation of Current Review Practice.—Since plans and TIPs described in this section are subject to a reasonable opportunity for public comment, since individual projects included in plans and TIPs are subject to review under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), and since decisions by the Secretary concerning plans and TIPs described in this section have not been reviewed under that Act as of January 1, 1997, any decision by the Secretary concerning a plan or TIP described in this section shall not be considered to be a Federal action subject to review under that Act.

(r) Bi-State Metropolitan Planning Organization.—

(1) Definition of bi-state mpo region.—In this subsection, the term "Bi-State Metropolitan Planning Organization" has the meaning given the term "region" in subsection (a) of Article II of the Lake Tahoe Regional Planning Compact (Public Law 96–551; 94 Stat. 3234).

(2) Treatment.—For the purpose of this title, the Bi-State Metropolitan Planning Organization shall be treated as—

(A) a metropolitan planning organization;

(B) a transportation management area under subsection (k); and

(C) an urbanized area, which is comprised of a population of 145,000 and 25 square miles of land area and 25 square miles of land area ¹ in the State of California and a population of 65,000 and 12 square miles of land area and 12 square miles of land area ¹ in the State of Nevada.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 788; Pub. L. 104–287, §5(10), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3389; Pub. L. 105–102, §2(4), Nov. 20, 1997, 111 Stat. 2204; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §§3004, 3029(b)(1)–(3), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 341, 372; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(b), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 852; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3005(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1547; Pub. L. 110–244, title II, §201(b), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1609; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20005(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 628; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3003(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1447; Pub. L. 114–322, title III, §3603(f)(3), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1789; Pub. L. 115–31, div. K, title I, §192, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 756; Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30002, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 890.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5303(a)	49 App.:1607(a) (2d–last sentences).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §8(a) (2d–last sentences)–(g), (n); added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §305(b), 92 Stat. 2743; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §310, 101 Stat. 227; restated Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3012, 105 Stat. 2098, 2104.
5303(b)	49 App.:1607(f).
5303(c)(1)	49 App.:1607(b)(1).
5303(c)(2)	49 App.:1607(b)(2).
5303(c)(3)	49 App.:1607(b)(6).
5303(c)(4)	49 App.:1607(b)(4).
5303(c)(5)	49 App.:1607(b)(5).
5303(c)(6)	49 App.:1607(b)(3).
5303(d)	49 App.:1607(c).
5303(e)	49 App.:1607(d), (e).
5303(f)	49 App.:1607(g).
5303(g)	49 App.:1607(n).
5303(h)	49 App.:1607(p).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §8(p); added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §305(b), 92 Stat. 2743; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §310, 101 Stat. 227; restated Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3012, 105 Stat. 2105; Oct. 6, 1992, Pub. L. 102–388, §502(h), 106 Stat. 1566.

In this section, the word "together" is omitted as surplus. The words "Secretary of Commerce" are substituted for "Bureau of the Census" because of 15:1511(e).

In subsection (b)(2), the word "applicable" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(3), the words "where it does not yet occur" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(4), the words "the provisions of all applicable" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c)(4), before clause (A), the words "whether made under this section or other provisions of law" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d), the word "entire" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (e)(2), the words "or compacts" and "joint or otherwise" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (f)(3), the word "area" is added for clarity and consistency with 42:7501(2).

In subsection (f)(5)(A), the words "published or otherwise" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (g), before clause (1), the words "local governmental authorities" are substituted for "local public bodies", and the words "departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the Government" are substituted for "Federal departments and agencies", for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

In subsection (h)(6)(A), the words "for obligation", "a period of", and "the close of" are omitted as surplus.

Pub. L. 104–287

This amends 49:5303(f)(2) and (h)(4) to correct erroneous cross-references.

Pub. L. 105–102, §2(4)(A)

This amends 49:5303(c)(1) to correct an erroneous cross-reference.

Pub. L. 105–102, §2(4)(B)

This amends 49:5303(c)(4)(A) to correct an erroneous cross-reference.

Pub. L. 105–102, §2(4)(C)

This amends 49:5303(c)(5)(A) to correct an erroneous cross-reference.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, referred to in subsecs. (d)(2) and (l)(2), is deemed to be Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

The Clean Air Act, referred to in subsecs. (e)(4)(A), (5)(D), (g)(1), (i)(3), (m)(2), and (n)(1), is act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, 69 Stat. 322, which is classified generally to chapter 85 (§7401 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7401 of Title 42 and Tables.

The date of enactment of the SAFETEA-LU, referred to in subsec. (e)(4)(A), (5), is the date of enactment of title III of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (q), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 117–58, §30002(a)(1), inserted "and better connect housing and employment" after "urbanized areas".

Subsec. (d)(3)(D). Pub. L. 117–58, §30002(b)(1)(A), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 117–58, §30002(b)(1)(B), substituted "an existing urbanized area (as defined by the Bureau of the Census)" for "an existing metropolitan planning area" and "the area" for "the existing metropolitan planning area".

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 117–58, §30002(b)(2)(A), substituted "an urbanized area (as defined by the Bureau of the Census)" for "a metropolitan area".

Subsec. (g)(3)(A). Pub. L. 117–58, §30002(a)(2), inserted "housing," after "economic development,".

Subsec. (g)(4), (5). Pub. L. 117–58, §30002(b)(2)(B), added pars. (4) and (5).

Subsec. (h)(1)(E). Pub. L. 117–58, §30002(a)(3), inserted ", housing," after "growth".

Subsec. (i)(4)(B)(iii) to (vii). Pub. L. 117–58, §30002(a)(4)(A), added cl. (iii) and redesignated former cls. (iii) to (vi) as (iv) to (vii), respectively.

Subsec. (i)(6)(A). Pub. L. 117–58, §30002(a)(4)(B), inserted "affordable housing organizations," after "disabled,".

Subsec. (i)(6)(D). Pub. L. 117–58, §30002(b)(3), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (k)(4) to (6). Pub. L. 117–58, §30002(a)(5), added par. (4) and redesignated former pars. (4) and (5) as (5) and (6), respectively.

Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 117–58, §30002(b)(4), substituted "section 104(b)(6)" for "section 104(b)(5)".

2017—Subsec. (r)(2)(C). Pub. L. 115–31 made amendment identical to that made by Pub. L. 114–322. See 2016 Amendment note below.

2016—Subsec. (r)(2)(C). Pub. L. 114–322 inserted "and 25 square miles of land area" after "145,000" and "and 12 square miles of land area" after "65,000".

2015—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(a)(1), inserted "resilient" after "development of".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(a)(2), substituted ", bicycle transportation facilities, and intermodal facilities that support intercity transportation, including intercity buses and intercity bus facilities and commuter vanpool providers" for "and bicycle transportation facilities".

Subsec. (d)(3) to (7). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(a)(3), added par. (3), redesignated pars. (3) to (6) as (4) to (7), respectively, and in par. (5), substituted "paragraph (6)" for "paragraph (5)".

Subsec. (e)(4)(B). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(a)(4), substituted "subsection (d)(6)" for "subsection (d)(5)".

Subsec. (g)(3)(A). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(a)(5), inserted "tourism, natural disaster risk reduction," after "economic development,".

Subsec. (h)(1)(I). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(a)(6), added subpar. (I).

Subsec. (i)(2)(A)(i). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(a)(7)(A)(i), substituted "public transportation facilities, intercity bus facilities" for "transit".

Subsec. (i)(2)(G). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(a)(7)(A)(ii), substituted ", provide" for "and provide" and inserted before period at end ", and reduce the vulnerability of the existing transportation infrastructure to natural disasters".

Subsec. (i)(2)(H). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(a)(7)(A)(iii), inserted before period at end ", including consideration of the role that intercity buses may play in reducing congestion, pollution, and energy consumption in a cost-effective manner and strategies and investments that preserve and enhance intercity bus systems, including systems that are privately owned and operated".

Subsec. (i)(6)(A). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(a)(7)(B), inserted "public ports," before "freight shippers," and "(including intercity bus operators, employer-based commuting programs, such as a carpool program, vanpool program, transit benefit program, parking cash-out program, shuttle program, or telework program)" after "private providers of transportation".

Subsec. (i)(8). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(a)(7)(C), substituted "paragraph (2)(E)" for "paragraph (2)(C)" in two places.

Subsec. (k)(3)(A). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(a)(8)(A), inserted "(including intercity bus operators, employer-based commuting programs, such as a carpool program, vanpool program, transit benefit program, parking cash-out program, shuttle program, or telework program), job access projects," after "travel demand reduction".

Subsec. (k)(3)(C), (D). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(a)(8)(B), added subpars. (C) and (D).

Subsec. (l)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(a)(9)(A), inserted a period at end.

Subsec. (l)(2)(D). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(a)(9)(B), substituted "with a population of 200,000 or less" for "of less than 200,000".

Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(a)(10), substituted "Funds apportioned under section 104(b)(5)" for "Funds set aside under section 104(f)".

Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(a)(11), added subsec. (r).

2012—Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally, substituting provisions consisting of subsecs. (a) to (q), including requirement to submit report on performance-based planning processes, for former provisions consisting of subsecs. (a) to (p).

2008—Subsec. (f)(3)(C)(ii)(II). Pub. L. 110–244, §201(b)(1), added subcl. (II) and struck out former subcl. (II). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "In addition to funds made available to the metropolitan planning organization for the Lake Tahoe region under other provisions of this chapter and title 23, 1 percent of the funds allocated under section 202 of title 23 shall be used to carry out the transportation planning process for the Lake Tahoe region under this subparagraph."

Subsec. (j)(3)(D). Pub. L. 110–244, §201(b)(2), inserted "or the identified phase" after "the project" in two places.

Subsec. (k)(2). Pub. L. 110–244, §201(b)(3), struck out "a metropolitan planning area serving" before "a transportation management area,".

2005—Pub. L. 109–59 amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, text consisted of subsecs. (a) to (h) relating to designation of a metropolitan planning organization for each urbanized area with a population of more than 50,000, general requirements, scope of planning process, boundaries of each area, coordination in multistate areas, development of long-range transportation plans, grants for studies and evaluations, and apportionment of funds.

1998—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(a), added subsecs. (a) and (b) and struck out headings and text of former subsecs. (a) and (b) which related to development requirements and plan and program factors, respectively.

Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(b)(1)(B), substituted "or cities, as defined by the Bureau of the Census)" for "as defined by the Secretary of Commerce)".

Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(b)(1)(A), as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(b)(1)(A), substituted "general purpose local government that together represent" for "general local government representing".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(b)(2), substituted "Each policy board of a metropolitan planning organization that serves an area designated as a transportation management area when designated or redesignated under this subsection shall consist of" for "In a metropolitan area designated as a transportation management area, the designated metropolitan planning organization, if redesignated after December 18, 1991, shall include" and "officials of public agencies" for "officials of authorities".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(b)(3), as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(b)(1)(B), substituted "within an existing metropolitan planning area only if the chief executive officer of the State and the existing metropolitan organization determine that the size and complexity of the existing metropolitan planning area" for "in an urbanized area (as defined by the Secretary of Commerce) only if the chief executive officer decides that the size and complexity of the urbanized area".

Subsec. (c)(4)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(b)(4), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(b)(1)(E), directed an amendment identical to that made by Pub. L. 105–102, §2(4)(B). See 1997 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (c)(5)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(b)(5)(A), formerly §3004(b)(4)(A), as renumbered and amended by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(b)(1)(C), (D), substituted "general purpose local government that together represent" for "general local government representing".

Subsec. (c)(5)(B). Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(b)(5)(B), formerly §3004(b)(4)(B), as renumbered by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(b)(1)(D), substituted "or cities, as defined by the Bureau of the Census)" for "as defined by the Secretary of Commerce)".

Subsec. (c)(5)(D). Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(b)(5)(C), formerly §3004(b)(4)(C), as renumbered by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(b)(1)(D), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(c), inserted "Planning" after "Metropolitan" in subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted par. heading, realigned margins, inserted "planning" before "area" in first sentence and substituted pars. (2) to (4) for "The area shall cover at least the existing urbanized area and the contiguous area expected to become urbanized within the 20-year forecast period and may include the Metropolitan Statistical Area or Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the Secretary of Commerce. An area designated as a nonattainment area for ozone or carbon monoxide under the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.) shall include at least the boundaries of the nonattainment area, except as the chief executive officer and metropolitan planning organization otherwise agree."

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(d)(1), inserted "or compact" after "2 States making an agreement" and substituted "making the agreements and compacts effective" for "making the agreement effective".

Subsec. (e)(4) to (6). Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(d)(2), as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(b)(2), added pars. (4) to (6).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(e)(5), substituted "Developing Long-Range Transportation Plans" for "Developing Long-Range Plans" in heading.

Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(e)(6), which directed substitution of "long-range transportation plans" for "long-range plans" wherever appearing, could not be executed because "long-range plans" does not appear in text.

Subsec. (f)(1)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(e)(1)(A), substituted "national, regional, and metropolitan transportation functions" for "United States and regional transportation functions".

Subsec. (f)(1)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(e)(1)(B), added cl. (iii) and struck out former cl. (iii) which read as follows: "recommends innovative financing techniques, including value capture, tolls, and congestion pricing, to finance needed projects and programs;".

Subsec. (f)(1)(C). Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(e)(1)(C), added subpar. (C) and struck out former subpar. (C) which read as follows: "assess capital investment and other measures necessary—

"(i) to ensure the preservation of the existing metropolitan transportation system, including requirements for operational improvements, resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation of existing and future major roadways, and operations, maintenance, modernization, and rehabilitation of existing and future mass transportation facilities; and

"(ii) to use existing transportation facilities most efficiently to relieve vehicular congestion and maximize the mobility of individuals and goods; and".

Subsec. (f)(1)(E). Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(f)(1), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(b)(3), added subpar. (E).

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(e)(2), substituted "and any State or local goals developed within the cooperative metropolitan planning process as they relate to a 20-year forecast period and to other forecast periods as determined by the participants in the planning process" for "as they are related to a 20-year forecast period".

Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(e)(3), inserted "freight shippers, providers of freight transportation services," after "mass transportation authority employees," and "representatives of users of public transit," after "private providers of transportation,".

Subsec. (f)(5)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(e)(4), inserted "published or otherwise" before "made readily available".

Subsec. (f)(6). Pub. L. 105–178, §3004(f)(2), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(b)(3), added par. (6).

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §3029(b)(1), (2), substituted "subsection (c) or (h)(1) of section 5338 of this title" for "section 5338(g)(1) of this title" and "sections 5304 and 5305 of this title" for "sections 5304–5306 of this title".

Subsec. (h)(2)(A), (3)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §3029(b)(1), substituted "subsection (c) or (h)(1) of section 5338 of this title" for "section 5338(g)(1) of this title".

Subsec. (h)(4). Pub. L. 105–178, §3029(b)(3), substituted "subsection (c) or (h)(1) of section 5338 of this title" for "section 5338(g) of this title".

1997—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 105–102, §2(4)(A), inserted "and sections 5304–5306 of this title" after "this section".

Subsec. (c)(4)(A). Pub. L. 105–102, §2(4)(B), substituted "paragraph (5)" for "paragraph (3)".

Subsec. (c)(5)(A). Pub. L. 105–102, §2(4)(C), inserted "and sections 5304–5306 of this title" after "this section".

1996—Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 104–287, §5(10)(A), substituted "subsection (b)" for "subsection (e)".

Subsec. (h)(4). Pub. L. 104–287, §5(10)(B), substituted "section 5338(g)" for "5338(g)(1)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Section 8(1) of Pub. L. 104–287, as amended by Pub. L. 105–102, §3(d)(2)(A), Nov. 20, 1997, 111 Stat. 2215, provided that: "The amendments made by sections 3 and 5(10)–(17), (19), (20), (52), (53), (55), (61), (62), (65), (70), (77)–(79), and (91)–(93) of this Act [amending this section, sections 5307, 5309, 5315, 5317, 5323, 5325, 5327, 5336, 5338, 20301, 21301, 22106, 32702, 32705, 40109, 41109, 46301, 46306, 46316, 60114, 70102, and 70112 of this title, and section 1445 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure] shall take effect on July 5, 1994."

Pilot Program for Transit-Oriented Development Planning

Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20005(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 642, as amended by Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30009, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 904, provided that:

"(1) Definitions.—In this subsection the following definitions shall apply:

"(A) Eligible project.—The term 'eligible project' means a new fixed guideway capital project or a core capacity improvement project, as those terms are defined in section 5309 of title 49, United States Code, as amended by this division.

"(B) Secretary.—The term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of Transportation.

"(2) General authority.—The Secretary may make grants under this subsection to a State or local governmental authority to assist in financing comprehensive or site-specific planning associated with an eligible project that seeks to—

"(A) enhance economic development, ridership, and other goals established during the project development and engineering processes;

"(B) facilitate multimodal connectivity and accessibility;

"(C) increase access to transit hubs for pedestrian and bicycle traffic;

"(D) enable mixed-use development;

"(E) identify infrastructure needs associated with the eligible project; and

"(F) include private sector participation.

"(3) Eligibility.—A State or local governmental authority that desires to participate in the program under this subsection shall submit to the Secretary an application that contains, at a minimum—

"(A) identification of an eligible project;

"(B) a schedule and process for the development of a comprehensive plan or a site-specific plan;

"(C) a description of how the eligible project and the proposed comprehensive plan or the proposed site-specific plan advance the metropolitan transportation plan of the metropolitan planning organization;

"(D) proposed performance criteria for the development and implementation of the comprehensive plan or the site-specific plan; and

"(E) identification of—

"(i) partners;

"(ii) availability of and authority for funding; and

"(iii) potential State, local or other impediments to the implementation of the comprehensive plan or the site-specific plan."

Guidance on Documenting Compliance With Requirements of Private Enterprise Participation in Public Transportation Planning and Transportation Improvement Programs

Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20013(d), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 694, as amended by Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3010(b), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1474, provided that: "Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of Title 23, Highways], the Secretary [of Transportation] shall publish in the Federal Register policy guidance regarding how to best document compliance by recipients of Federal assistance under chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code, with the requirements regarding private enterprise participation in public transportation planning and transportation improvement programs under sections 5303(i)(6), 5306(a), and 5307(b) of such title 49."

Schedule for Implementation

Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3005(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1559, required the Secretary of Transportation to issue guidance on a schedule for implementation of the changes made to this section by section 3005(a) of Pub. L. 109–59 and required State or metropolitan planning organization plan or program updates to reflect such changes beginning July 1, 2007.

¹ So in original.

§5304. Statewide and nonmetropolitan transportation planning

(a) General Requirements.—

(1) Development of plans and programs.—Subject to section 5303, to accomplish the objectives stated in section 5303(a), each State shall develop a statewide transportation plan and a statewide transportation improvement program for all areas of the State.

(2) Contents.—The statewide transportation plan and the transportation improvement program developed for each State shall provide for the development and integrated management and operation of transportation systems and facilities (including accessible pedestrian walkways, bicycle transportation facilities, and intermodal facilities that support intercity transportation, including intercity buses and intercity bus facilities and commuter vanpool providers) that will function as an intermodal transportation system for the State and an integral part of an intermodal transportation system for the United States.

(3) Process of development.—The process for developing the statewide plan and the transportation improvement program shall provide for consideration of all modes of transportation and the policies stated in section 5303(a) and shall be continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive to the degree appropriate, based on the complexity of the transportation problems to be addressed.

(b) Coordination With Metropolitan Planning; State Implementation Plan.—A State shall—

(1) coordinate planning carried out under this section with the transportation planning activities carried out under section 5303 for metropolitan areas of the State and with statewide trade and economic development planning activities and related multistate planning efforts; and

(2) develop the transportation portion of the State implementation plan as required by the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.).

(c) Interstate Agreements.—

(1) In general.—Two or more States may enter into agreements or compacts, not in conflict with any law of the United States, for cooperative efforts and mutual assistance in support of activities authorized under this section related to interstate areas and localities in the States and establishing authorities the States consider desirable for making the agreements and compacts effective.

(2) Reservation of rights.—The right to alter, amend, or repeal interstate compacts entered into under this subsection is expressly reserved.

(d) Scope of Planning Process.—

(1) In general.—Each State shall carry out a statewide transportation planning process that provides for consideration and implementation of projects, strategies, and services that will—

(A) support the economic vitality of the United States, the States, nonmetropolitan areas, and metropolitan areas, especially by enabling global competitiveness, productivity, and efficiency;

(B) increase the safety of the transportation system for motorized and nonmotorized users;

(C) increase the security of the transportation system for motorized and nonmotorized users;

(D) increase the accessibility and mobility of people and freight;

(E) protect and enhance the environment, promote energy conservation, improve the quality of life, and promote consistency between transportation improvements and State and local planned growth and economic development patterns;

(F) enhance the integration and connectivity of the transportation system, across and between modes throughout the State, for people and freight;

(G) promote efficient system management and operation;

(H) emphasize the preservation of the existing transportation system; and

(I) improve the resiliency and reliability of the transportation system.

(2) Performance-based approach.—

(A) In general.—The statewide transportation planning process shall provide for the establishment and use of a performance-based approach to transportation decisionmaking to support the national goals described in section 150(b) of title 23 and the general purposes described in section 5301.

(B) Performance targets.—

(i) Surface transportation performance targets.—

(I) In general.—Each State shall establish performance targets that address the performance measures described in section 150(c) of title 23, where applicable, to use in tracking progress towards attainment of critical outcomes for the State.

(II) Coordination.—Selection of performance targets by a State shall be coordinated with the relevant metropolitan planning organizations to ensure consistency, to the maximum extent practicable.

(ii) Public transportation performance targets.—In areas with a population of fewer than 200,000 individuals, as calculated according to the most recent decennial census, and not represented by a metropolitan planning organization, selection of performance targets by a State shall be coordinated, to the maximum extent practicable, with providers of public transportation to ensure consistency with sections 5326(c) and 5329(d).

(C) Integration of other performance-based plans.—A State shall integrate into the statewide transportation planning process, directly or by reference, the goals, objectives, performance measures, and targets described in this paragraph, in other State transportation plans and transportation processes, as well as any plans developed pursuant to title 23 by providers of public transportation in areas with a population of fewer than 200,000 individuals, as calculated according to the most recent decennial census, and not represented by a metropolitan planning organization, required as part of a performance-based program.

(D) Use of performance measures and targets.—The performance measures and targets established under this paragraph shall be considered by a State when developing policies, programs, and investment priorities reflected in the statewide transportation plan and statewide transportation improvement program.

(3) Failure to consider factors.—The failure to take into consideration the factors specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not be subject to review by any court under this chapter, title 23, subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5, or chapter 7 of title 5 in any matter affecting a statewide transportation plan, a statewide transportation improvement program, a project or strategy, or the certification of a planning process.

(e) Additional Requirements.—In carrying out planning under this section, each State shall, at a minimum—

(1) with respect to nonmetropolitan areas, cooperate with affected local officials with responsibility for transportation or, if applicable, through regional transportation planning organizations described in subsection (l);

(2) consider the concerns of Indian tribal governments and Federal land management agencies that have jurisdiction over land within the boundaries of the State; and

(3) consider coordination of transportation plans, the transportation improvement program, and planning activities with related planning activities being carried out outside of metropolitan planning areas and between States.

(f) Long-Range Statewide Transportation Plan.—

(1) Development.—Each State shall develop a long-range statewide transportation plan, with a minimum 20-year forecast period for all areas of the State, that provides for the development and implementation of the intermodal transportation system of the State.

(2) Consultation with governments.—

(A) Metropolitan areas.—The statewide transportation plan shall be developed for each metropolitan area in the State in cooperation with the metropolitan planning organization designated for the metropolitan area under section 5303.

(B) Nonmetropolitan areas.—

(i) In general.—With respect to nonmetropolitan areas, the statewide transportation plan shall be developed in cooperation with affected nonmetropolitan officials with responsibility for transportation or, if applicable, through regional transportation planning organizations described in subsection (l).

(ii) Role of secretary.—The Secretary shall not review or approve the consultation process in each State.

(C) Indian tribal areas.—With respect to each area of the State under the jurisdiction of an Indian tribal government, the statewide transportation plan shall be developed in consultation with the tribal government and the Secretary of the Interior.

(D) Consultation, comparison, and consideration.—

(i) In general.—The long-range transportation plan shall be developed, as appropriate, in consultation with State, tribal, and local agencies responsible for land use management, natural resources, environmental protection, conservation, and historic preservation.

(ii) Comparison and consideration.—Consultation under clause (i) shall involve comparison of transportation plans to State and tribal conservation plans or maps, if available, and comparison of transportation plans to inventories of natural or historic resources, if available.

(3) Participation by interested parties.—

(A) In general.—In developing the statewide transportation plan, the State shall provide to—

(i) nonmetropolitan local elected officials, or, if applicable, through regional transportation planning organizations described in subsection (l), an opportunity to participate in accordance with subparagraph (B)(i); and

(ii) citizens, affected public agencies, representatives of public transportation employees, public ports, freight shippers, private providers of transportation (including intercity bus operators, employer-based commuting programs, such as a carpool program, vanpool program, transit benefit program, parking cash-out program, shuttle program, or telework program), representatives of users of public transportation, representatives of users of pedestrian walkways and bicycle transportation facilities, representatives of the disabled, providers of freight transportation services, and other interested parties a reasonable opportunity to comment on the proposed plan.

(B) Methods.—In carrying out subparagraph (A), the State shall, to the maximum extent practicable—

(i) develop and document a consultative process to carry out subparagraph (A)(i) that is separate and discrete from the public involvement process developed under clause (ii);

(ii) hold any public meetings at convenient and accessible locations and times;

(iii) employ visualization techniques to describe plans; and

(iv) make public information available in electronically accessible format and means, such as the World Wide Web, as appropriate to afford reasonable opportunity for consideration of public information under subparagraph (A).

(C) Use of technology.—A State may use social media and other web-based tools—

(i) to further encourage public participation; and

(ii) to solicit public feedback during the transportation planning process.

(4) Mitigation activities.—

(A) In general.—A long-range transportation plan shall include a discussion of potential environmental mitigation activities and potential areas to carry out these activities, including activities that may have the greatest potential to restore and maintain the environmental functions affected by the plan.

(B) Consultation.—The discussion shall be developed in consultation with Federal, State, and tribal wildlife, land management, and regulatory agencies.

(5) Financial plan.—The statewide transportation plan may include—

(A) a financial plan that—

(i) demonstrates how the adopted statewide transportation plan can be implemented;

(ii) indicates resources from public and private sources that are reasonably expected to be made available to carry out the plan; and

(iii) recommends any additional financing strategies for needed projects and programs; and

(B) for illustrative purposes, additional projects that would be included in the adopted statewide transportation plan if reasonable additional resources beyond those identified in the financial plan were available.

(6) Selection of projects from illustrative list.—A State shall not be required to select any project from the illustrative list of additional projects included in the financial plan described in paragraph (5).

(7) Performance-based approach.—The statewide transportation plan should include—

(A) a description of the performance measures and performance targets used in assessing the performance of the transportation system in accordance with subsection (d)(2); and

(B) a system performance report and subsequent updates evaluating the condition and performance of the transportation system with respect to the performance targets described in subsection (d)(2), including progress achieved by the metropolitan planning organization in meeting the performance targets in comparison with system performance recorded in previous reports;

(8) Existing system.—The statewide transportation plan should include capital, operations and management strategies, investments, procedures, and other measures to ensure the preservation and most efficient use of the existing transportation system.

(9) Publication of long-range transportation plans.—Each long-range transportation plan prepared by a State shall be published or otherwise made available, including (to the maximum extent practicable) in electronically accessible formats and means, such as the World Wide Web.

(g) Statewide Transportation Improvement Program.—

(1) Development.—

(A) In general.—Each State shall develop a statewide transportation improvement program for all areas of the State.

(B) Duration and updating of program.—Each program developed under subparagraph (A) shall cover a period of 4 years and shall be updated every 4 years or more frequently if the Governor of the State elects to update more frequently.

(2) Consultation with governments.—

(A) Metropolitan areas.—With respect to each metropolitan area in the State, the program shall be developed in cooperation with the metropolitan planning organization designated for the metropolitan area under section 5303.

(B) Nonmetropolitan areas.—

(i) In general.—With respect to each nonmetropolitan area in the State, the program shall be developed in cooperation with affected nonmetropolitan local officials with responsibility for transportation or, if applicable, through regional transportation planning organizations described in subsection (l).

(ii) Role of secretary.—The Secretary shall not review or approve the specific consultation process in the State.

(C) Indian tribal areas.—With respect to each area of the State under the jurisdiction of an Indian tribal government, the program shall be developed in consultation with the tribal government and the Secretary of the Interior.

(3) Participation by interested parties.—In developing the program, the State shall provide citizens, affected public agencies, representatives of public transportation employees, freight shippers, private providers of transportation, providers of freight transportation services, representatives of users of public transportation, representatives of users of pedestrian walkways and bicycle transportation facilities, representatives of the disabled, and other interested parties with a reasonable opportunity to comment on the proposed program.

(4) Performance target achievement.—A statewide transportation improvement program shall include, to the maximum extent practicable, a discussion of the anticipated effect of the statewide transportation improvement program toward achieving the performance targets established in the statewide transportation plan, linking investment priorities to those performance targets.

(5) Included projects.—

(A) In general.—A transportation improvement program developed under this subsection for a State shall include Federally supported surface transportation expenditures within the boundaries of the State.

(B) Listing of projects.—

(i) In general.—An annual listing of projects for which funds have been obligated for the preceding year in each metropolitan planning area shall be published or otherwise made available by the cooperative effort of the State, transit operator, and the metropolitan planning organization for public review.

(ii) Funding categories.—The listing described in clause (i) shall be consistent with the funding categories identified in each metropolitan transportation improvement program.

(C) Projects under chapter 2.—

(i) Regionally significant projects.—Regionally significant projects proposed for funding under chapter 2 of title 23 shall be identified individually in the transportation improvement program.

(ii) Other projects.—Projects proposed for funding under chapter 2 of title 23 that are not determined to be regionally significant shall be grouped in 1 line item or identified individually in the transportation improvement program.

(D) Consistency with statewide transportation plan.—Each project shall be—

(i) consistent with the statewide transportation plan developed under this section for the State;

(ii) identical to the project or phase of the project as described in an approved metropolitan transportation plan; and

(iii) in conformance with the applicable State air quality implementation plan developed under the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.), if the project is carried out in an area designated as a nonattainment area for ozone, particulate matter, or carbon monoxide under part D of title I of that Act (42 U.S.C. 7501 et seq.).

(E) Requirement of anticipated full funding.—The transportation improvement program shall include a project, or an identified phase of a project, only if full funding can reasonably be anticipated to be available for the project within the time period contemplated for completion of the project.

(F) Financial plan.—

(i) In general.—The transportation improvement program may include a financial plan that demonstrates how the approved transportation improvement program can be implemented, indicates resources from public and private sources that are reasonably expected to be made available to carry out the transportation improvement program, and recommends any additional financing strategies for needed projects and programs.

(ii) Additional projects.—The financial plan may include, for illustrative purposes, additional projects that would be included in the adopted transportation plan if reasonable additional resources beyond those identified in the financial plan were available.

(G) Selection of projects from illustrative list.—

(i) No required selection.—Notwithstanding subparagraph (F), a State shall not be required to select any project from the illustrative list of additional projects included in the financial plan under subparagraph (F).

(ii) Required action by the secretary.—Action by the Secretary shall be required for a State to select any project from the illustrative list of additional projects included in the financial plan under subparagraph (F) for inclusion in an approved transportation improvement program.

(H) Priorities.—The transportation improvement program shall reflect the priorities for programming and expenditures of funds, including transportation enhancement activities, required by this chapter and title 23.

(6) Project selection for areas of less than 50,000 population.—

(A) In general.—Projects carried out in areas with populations of less than 50,000 individuals shall be selected, from the approved transportation improvement program (excluding projects carried out on the National Highway System and projects carried out under the bridge program or the Interstate maintenance program under title 23 or under sections 5310 and 5311 of this chapter), by the State in cooperation with the affected nonmetropolitan local officials with responsibility for transportation or, if applicable, through regional transportation planning organizations described in subsection (l).

(B) Other projects.—Projects carried out in areas with populations of less than 50,000 individuals on the National Highway System or under the bridge program or the Interstate maintenance program under title 23 or under sections 5310 and 5311 of this chapter shall be selected, from the approved statewide transportation improvement program, by the State in consultation with the affected nonmetropolitan local officials with responsibility for transportation.

(7) Transportation improvement program approval.—Every 4 years, a transportation improvement program developed under this subsection shall be reviewed and approved by the Secretary if based on a current planning finding.

(8) Planning finding.—A finding shall be made by the Secretary at least every 4 years that the transportation planning process through which statewide transportation plans and programs are developed is consistent with this section and section 5303.

(9) Modifications to project priority.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, action by the Secretary shall not be required to advance a project included in the approved transportation improvement program in place of another project in the program.

(h) Performance-based Planning Processes Evaluation.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary shall establish criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of the performance-based planning processes of States, taking into consideration the following:

(A) The extent to which the State is making progress toward achieving, the performance targets described in subsection (d)(2), taking into account whether the State developed appropriate performance targets.

(B) The extent to which the State has made transportation investments that are efficient and cost-effective.

(C) The extent to which the State—

(i) has developed an investment process that relies on public input and awareness to ensure that investments are transparent and accountable; and

(ii) provides reports allowing the public to access the information being collected in a format that allows the public to meaningfully assess the performance of the State.

(2) Report.—

(A) In general.—Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report evaluating—

(i) the overall effectiveness of performance-based planning as a tool for guiding transportation investments; and

(ii) the effectiveness of the performance-based planning process of each State.

(B) Publication.—The report under subparagraph (A) shall be published or otherwise made available in electronically accessible formats and means, including on the Internet.

(i) Treatment of Certain State Laws as Congestion Management Processes.—For purposes of this section and section 5303, and sections 134 and 135 of title 23, State laws, rules, or regulations pertaining to congestion management systems or programs may constitute the congestion management process under this section and section 5303, and sections 134 and 135 of title 23, if the Secretary finds that the State laws, rules, or regulations are consistent with, and fulfill the intent of, the purposes of this section and section 5303, and sections 134 and 135 of title 23, as appropriate.

(j) Continuation of Current Review Practice.—Since the statewide transportation plan and the transportation improvement program described in this section are subject to a reasonable opportunity for public comment, since individual projects included in the statewide transportation plans and the transportation improvement program are subject to review under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), and since decisions by the Secretary concerning statewide transportation plans or the transportation improvement program described in this section have not been reviewed under that Act as of January 1, 1997, any decision by the Secretary concerning a metropolitan or statewide transportation plan or the transportation improvement program described in this section shall not be considered to be a Federal action subject to review under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).

(k) Schedule for Implementation.—The Secretary shall issue guidance on a schedule for implementation of the changes made by this section, taking into consideration the established planning update cycle for States. The Secretary shall not require a State to deviate from its established planning update cycle to implement changes made by this section. States shall reflect changes made to their transportation plan or transportation improvement program updates not later than 2 years after the date of issuance of guidance by the Secretary under this subsection.

(l) Designation of Regional Transportation Planning Organizations.—

(1) In general.—To carry out the transportation planning process required by this section, a State may establish and designate regional transportation planning organizations to enhance the planning, coordination, and implementation of statewide strategic long-range transportation plans and transportation improvement programs, with an emphasis on addressing the needs of nonmetropolitan areas of the State.

(2) Structure.—A regional transportation planning organization shall be established as a multijurisdictional organization of nonmetropolitan local officials or their designees who volunteer for such organization and representatives of local transportation systems who volunteer for such organization.

(3) Requirements.—A regional transportation planning organization shall establish, at a minimum—

(A) a policy committee, the majority of which shall consist of nonmetropolitan local officials, or their designees, and, as appropriate, additional representatives from the State, private business, transportation service providers, economic development practitioners, and the public in the region; and

(B) a fiscal and administrative agent, such as an existing regional planning and development organization, to provide professional planning, management, and administrative support.

(4) Duties.—The duties of a regional transportation planning organization shall include—

(A) developing and maintaining, in cooperation with the State, regional long-range multimodal transportation plans;

(B) developing a regional transportation improvement program for consideration by the State;

(C) fostering the coordination of local planning, land use, and economic development plans with State, regional, and local transportation plans and programs;

(D) providing technical assistance to local officials;

(E) participating in national, multistate, and State policy and planning development processes to ensure the regional and local input of nonmetropolitan areas;

(F) providing a forum for public participation in the statewide and regional transportation planning processes;

(G) considering and sharing plans and programs with neighboring regional transportation planning organizations, metropolitan planning organizations, and, where appropriate, tribal organizations; and

(H) conducting other duties, as necessary, to support and enhance the statewide planning process under subsection (d).

(5) States without regional transportation planning organizations.—If a State chooses not to establish or designate a regional transportation planning organization, the State shall consult with affected nonmetropolitan local officials to determine projects that may be of regional significance.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 793; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3005, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 345; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(c)(2), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 854; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3006(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1559; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20006, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 643; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3003(b), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1449; Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30003, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 893.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5304(a)	49 App.:1607(h)(1).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §8(h); added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §305(b), 92 Stat. 2743; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §310, 101 Stat. 227; restated Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3012, 105 Stat. 2102; Oct. 6, 1992, Pub. L. 102–388, §§501, 502(e), 106 Stat. 1566.
5304(b)	49 App.:1607(h)(2).
5304(c)	49 App.:1607(h)(3), (5).
5304(d)	49 App.:1607(h)(6).
5304(e)	49 App.:1607(h)(4).

In subsection (b)(1), the word "initial" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(2)(C), the words "and programs" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c)(1), the word "otherwise" is omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Clean Air Act, referred to in subsecs. (b)(2) and (g)(5)(D)(iii), is act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, 69 Stat. 322, which is classified generally to chapter 85 (§7401 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Part D of title I of the Act is classified generally to part D (§7501 et seq.) of subchapter I of chapter 85 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7401 of Title 42 and Tables.

The date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, referred to in subsec. (h)(2)(A), is deemed to be Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (j), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 117–58, §30003(a)(1), struck out quotation marks before "In" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (f)(3)(C). Pub. L. 117–58, §30003(b), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 117–58, §30003(a)(2), substituted "this" for "this this".

2015—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(b)(1), substituted ", bicycle transportation facilities, and intermodal facilities that support intercity transportation, including intercity buses and intercity bus facilities and commuter vanpool providers" for "and bicycle transportation facilities".

Subsec. (d)(1)(I). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(b)(2)(A), added subpar. (I).

Subsec. (d)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(b)(2)(B)(i), struck out "urbanized" after "In".

Subsec. (d)(2)(C). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(b)(2)(B)(ii), struck out "urbanized" after "public transportation in".

Subsec. (f)(3)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 114–94, §3003(b)(3), inserted "public ports," before "freight shippers," and "(including intercity bus operators, employer-based commuting programs, such as a carpool program, vanpool program, transit benefit program, parking cash-out program, shuttle program, or telework program)" after "private providers of transportation".

2012—Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to statewide transportation planning and consisted of subsecs. (a) to (j).

2005—Pub. L. 109–59 amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, text consisted of subsecs. (a) to (e) relating to development and updating of a transportation improvement program, contents of program, selection of projects, notice and an opportunity to comment on proposed programs, and conformance of review requirements under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969.

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §3005(d)(1), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(c)(2), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, and added par. (2).

Pub. L. 105–178, §3005(a), in second sentence, substituted "the metropolitan planning organization, in cooperation with the chief executive officer of the State and any affected mass transportation operator," for "the organization" and inserted "other affected employee representatives, freight shippers, providers of freight transportation services," after "transportation authority employees," and "representatives of users of public transit," after "private providers of transportation,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 105–178, §3005(d)(2)(A), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(c)(2), struck out "and" at end.

Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 105–178, §3005(d)(2)(B), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(c)(2), which directed amendment of subpar. (C) by substituting "strategies; and" for "strategies which may include", was executed by making the substitution for "strategies, which may include" to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Remaining provisions of subpar. (C) redesignated (D).

Pub. L. 105–178, §3005(b), added subpar. (C) and struck out former subpar. (C) which read as follows: "recommends innovative financing techniques, including value capture, tolls, and congestion pricing, to finance needed projects."

Subsec. (b)(2)(D). Pub. L. 105–178, §3005(d)(2)(B), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(c)(2), which directed amendment of subpar. (C) by substituting "strategies; and" followed by "(D) may include" for "strategies which may include", was executed by making the substitutions for "strategies, which may include" to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §3005(c)(1), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "Except as provided in section 5305(d)(1) of this title, the State, in cooperation with the metropolitan planning organization, shall select projects in a metropolitan area that involve United States Government participation. Selection shall comply with the transportation improvement program for the area."

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 105–178, §3005(c)(2), added par. (3).

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 105–178, §3005(d)(3), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(c)(2), added par. (4) and struck out heading and text of former par. (4). Text read as follows: "Notwithstanding subsection (b)(2)(C), a State or metropolitan planning organization shall not be required to select any project from the illustrative list of additional projects included in the financial plan under subsection (b)(2)(C)."

Pub. L. 105–178, §3005(c)(2), added par. (4).

Subsec. (c)(5), (6). Pub. L. 105–178, §3005(c)(2), added pars. (5) and (6).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Schedule for Implementation

Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3006(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1565, required the Secretary of Transportation to issue guidance on a schedule for implementation of the changes made to this section by section 3006(a) of Pub. L. 109–59 and required State or metropolitan planning organization plan or program updates to reflect such changes beginning July 1, 2007.

§5305. Planning programs

(a) State Defined.—In this section, the term "State" means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.

(b) General Authority.—

(1) Grants and agreements.—Under criteria established by the Secretary, the Secretary may award grants to States, authorities of the States, metropolitan planning organizations, and local governmental authorities, and make agreements with other departments, agencies, or instrumentalities of the Government to—

(A) develop transportation plans and programs;

(B) plan, engineer, design, and evaluate a public transportation project; and

(C) conduct technical studies relating to public transportation.

(2) Eligible activities.—Activities eligible under paragraph (1) include the following:

(A) Studies related to management, planning, operations, capital requirements, and economic feasibility.

(B) Evaluating previously financed projects.

(C) Peer reviews and exchanges of technical data, information, assistance, and related activities in support of planning and environmental analyses among metropolitan planning organizations and other transportation planners.

(D) Other similar and related activities preliminary to and in preparation for constructing, acquiring, or improving the operation of facilities and equipment.

(c) Purpose.—To the extent practicable, the Secretary shall ensure that amounts appropriated or made available under section 5338 to carry out this section and sections 5303, 5304, and 5306 are used to support balanced and comprehensive transportation planning that considers the relationships among land use and all transportation modes, without regard to the programmatic source of the planning amounts.

(d) Metropolitan Planning Program.—

(1) Apportionment to states.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary shall apportion 80 percent of the amounts made available under subsection (g)(1) among the States to carry out sections 5303 and 5306 in the ratio that—

(i) the population of urbanized areas in each State, as shown by the latest available decennial census of population; bears to

(ii) the total population of urbanized areas in all States, as shown by that census.

(B) Minimum apportionment.—Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), a State may not receive less than 0.5 percent of the amount apportioned under this paragraph.

(2) Allocation to mpo's.—Amounts apportioned to a State under paragraph (1) shall be made available, not later than 30 days after the date of apportionment, to metropolitan planning organizations in the State designated under this section under a formula that—

(A) considers population of urbanized areas;

(B) provides an appropriate distribution for urbanized areas to carry out the cooperative processes described in this section;

(C) the State develops in cooperation with the metropolitan planning organizations; and

(D) the Secretary approves.

(3) Supplemental amounts.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary shall apportion 20 percent of the amounts made available under subsection (g)(1) among the States to supplement allocations made under paragraph (1) for metropolitan planning organizations.

(B) Formula.—The Secretary shall apportion amounts referred to in subparagraph (A) under a formula that reflects the additional cost of carrying out planning, programming, and project selection responsibilities under sections 5303 and 5306 in certain urbanized areas.

(e) State Planning and Research Program.—

(1) Apportionment to states.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary shall apportion the amounts made available under subsection (g)(2) among the States for grants and contracts to carry out this section and sections 5304 and 5306 in the ratio that—

(i) the population of urbanized areas in each State, as shown by the latest available decennial census; bears to

(ii) the population of urbanized areas in all States, as shown by that census.

(B) Minimum apportionment.—Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), a State may not receive less than 0.5 percent of the amount apportioned under this paragraph.

(2) Supplemental amounts.—A State, as the State considers appropriate, may authorize part of the amount made available under this subsection to be used to supplement amounts made available under subsection (d).

(f) Government Share of Costs.—

(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Government share of the cost of an activity funded using amounts made available under this section may not exceed 80 percent of the cost of the activity unless the Secretary determines that it is in the interests of the Government—

(A) not to require a State or local match; or

(B) to allow a Government share greater than 80 percent.

(2) Certain activities.—

(A) In general.—The Government share of the cost of an activity funded using amounts made available under this section shall be not less than 90 percent for an activity that assists parts of an urbanized area or rural area with lower population density or lower average income levels compared to—

(i) the applicable urbanized area;

(ii) the applicable rural area;

(iii) an adjoining urbanized area; or

(iv) an adjoining rural area.

(B) Report.—A State or metropolitan planning organization that carries out an activity described in subparagraph (A) with an increased Government share described in that subparagraph shall report to the Secretary, in a form as determined by the Secretary, how the increased Government share for transportation planning activities benefits commuting and other essential travel in parts of the applicable urbanized area or rural area described in subparagraph (A) with lower population density or lower average income levels.

(g) Allocation of Funds.—Of the funds made available by or appropriated to carry out this section under section 5338(a)(2)(A) for a fiscal year—

(1) 82.72 percent shall be available for the metropolitan planning program under subsection (d); and

(2) 17.28 percent shall be available to carry out subsection (e).

(h) Availability of Funds.—Funds apportioned under this section to a State that have not been obligated in the 3-year period beginning after the last day of the fiscal year for which the funds are authorized shall be reapportioned among the States.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 794; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3006, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 346; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(d), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 854; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3007(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1566; Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §431, Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 88; Pub. L. 111–322, title II, §2301, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3526; Pub. L. 112–5, title III, §301, Mar. 4, 2011, 125 Stat. 18; Pub. L. 112–30, title I, §131, Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 350; Pub. L. 112–102, title III, §301, Mar. 30, 2012, 126 Stat. 275; Pub. L. 112–140, title III, §301, June 29, 2012, 126 Stat. 396; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20030(a), div. G, title III, §113001, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 730, 983; Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30004, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 893.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5305(a)–(e)	49 App.:1607(i).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §8(i); added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §305(b), 92 Stat. 2743; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §310, 101 Stat. 227; restated Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3012, 105 Stat. 2103; Oct. 6, 1992, Pub. L. 102–388, §502(f), 106 Stat. 1566.
5305(f)	49 App.:1607(l).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §8(j), (l); added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §305(b), 92 Stat. 2743; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §310, 101 Stat. 227; restated Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3012, 105 Stat. 2104.
5305(g)	49 App.:1607(j).

In subsection (c), the words "title 23" are substituted for "this title" for consistency in this chapter and to reflect the apparent intent of Congress. The word "appropriate" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (e)(2), the words "under the formula program" are omitted as surplus.

In subsections (f) and (g), the word "area" is added for clarity and consistency with 42:7501(2).

In subsection (f), the words "Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter or title 23, United States Code" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (e)(1)(A). Pub. L. 117–58, §30004(1), substituted "this section and sections" for "this section and section".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 117–58, §30004(2), added subsec. (f) and struck out former subsec. (f). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Government share of the cost of an activity funded using amounts made available under this section may not exceed 80 percent of the cost of the activity unless the Secretary determines that it is in the interests of the Government not to require a State or local match."

2012—Subsec. (e)(1)(A). Pub. L. 112–141, §20030(a)(1), substituted "section 5304 and 5306" for "sections 5304, 5306, 5315, and 5322" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 112–141, §20030(a)(2), substituted "Government" for "Government's" in heading and "Government" for "Government's" in text.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 112–141, §113001, substituted "2012" for "2011 and for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 112–141, §20030(a)(3), substituted "section 5338(a)(2)(A) for a fiscal year" for "section 5338(c) for fiscal years 2005 through 2012" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 301, temporarily substituted "ending on July 6, 2012" for "ending on June 30, 2012" in introductory provisions. See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102 substituted "2011 and for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012" for "2011 and for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012" in introductory provisions.

2011—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 112–30 substituted "2011 and for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012" for "2011".

Pub. L. 112–5 substituted "2011" for "2010, and for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending March 4, 2011,".

2010—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 111–322 substituted "March 4, 2011" for "December 31, 2010".

Pub. L. 111–147 substituted "2010, and for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010," for "2009" in introductory provisions.

2005—Pub. L. 109–59 amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, text consisted of subsecs. (a) to (h) relating to designation of areas as transportation management areas and plans and programs in an area.

1998—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §3006(a), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "any other area, including the Lake Tahoe Basin as defined in the Act of December 19, 1980 (Public Law 96–551, 94 Stat. 3233), when requested by the chief executive officer and the metropolitan organization designated for the area or the affected local officials."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §3006(b), inserted "affected" before "mass transportation operators".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §3006(c), struck out at end "The Secretary shall establish a phase-in schedule to comply with sections 5303, 5304, and 5306."

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §3006(d), as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(d), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows:

"(1)(A) In consultation with the State, the metropolitan planning organization designated for a transportation management area shall select the projects to be carried out in the area with United States Government participation under this chapter or title 23, except projects of the National Highway System or under the Bridge and Interstate Maintenance programs.

"(B) In cooperation with the metropolitan planning organization designated for a transportation management area, the State shall select the projects to be carried out in the area of the National Highway System or under the Bridge and Interstate Maintenance programs."

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §3006(e)(1), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "If the Secretary does not certify before October 1, 1993, that a metropolitan planning organization is carrying out its responsibilities, the Secretary may withhold any part of the apportionment under section 104(b)(3) of title 23 attributed to the relevant metropolitan area under section 133(d)(3) of title 23 and capital amounts apportioned under section 5336 of this title. If an organization remains uncertified for more than 2 consecutive years after September 30, 1994, 20 percent of that apportionment and capital amounts shall be withheld. The withheld apportionments shall be restored when the Secretary certifies the organization."

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 105–178, §3006(e)(2), added par. (4).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–178, §3006(f), added subsec. (h).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by section 20030(a) of Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Pub. L. 112–141, div. G, title IV, §114001, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 988, provided that: "This division [amending this section and sections 5307, 5309, 5311, 5337, 5338, 31104, and 31144 of this title, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 5309, 5310, 5338, 14710, and 31100 of this title] and the amendments made by this division shall take effect on July 1, 2012."

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–140 to cease to be effective on July 6, 2012, with text as amended by Pub. L. 112–140 to revert back to read as it did on the day before June 29, 2012, and amendments by Pub. L. 112–141 to be executed as if Pub. L. 112–140 had not been enacted, see section 1(c) of Pub. L. 112–140, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

§5306. Private enterprise participation in metropolitan planning and transportation improvement programs and relationship to other limitations

(a) Private Enterprise Participation.—A plan or program required by section 5303, 5304, or 5305 of this title shall encourage to the maximum extent feasible, as determined by local policies, criteria, and decisionmaking, the participation of private enterprise. If equipment or a facility already being used in an urban area is to be acquired under this chapter, the program shall provide that it be improved so that it will better serve the transportation needs of the area.

(b) Relationship to Other Limitations.—Sections 5303–5305 of this title do not authorize—

(1) a metropolitan planning organization to impose a legal requirement on a transportation facility, provider, or project not eligible under this chapter or title 23; and

(2) intervention in the management of a transportation authority.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 795; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3008, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1568.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5306(a)	49 App.:1607(o).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §8(o); added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §305(b), 92 Stat. 2743; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §310, 101 Stat. 227; restated Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3012, 105 Stat. 2105.
5306(b)	49 App.:1607(m).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §8(m); added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §305(b), 92 Stat. 2743; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §310, 101 Stat. 227; restated Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3012, 105 Stat. 2104; Oct. 6, 1992, Pub. L. 102–388, §502(g), 106 Stat. 1566.

In subsection (a), the words "(through modernization, extension, addition, or otherwise)" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59 inserted ", as determined by local policies, criteria, and decisionmaking," after "feasible".

§5307. Urbanized area formula grants

(a) General Authority.—

(1) Grants.—The Secretary may make grants under this section for—

(A) capital projects;

(B) planning;

(C) job access and reverse commute projects; and

(D) operating costs of equipment and facilities for use in public transportation in an urbanized area with a population of fewer than 200,000 individuals, as determined by the Bureau of the Census.

(2) The Secretary may make grants under this section to finance the operating cost of equipment and facilities for use in public transportation, excluding rail fixed guideway, in an urbanized area with a population of not fewer than 200,000 individuals, as determined by the Bureau of the Census—

(A) for public transportation systems that—

(i) operate 75 or fewer buses in fixed route service or demand response service, excluding ADA complementary paratransit service, during peak service hours, in an amount not to exceed 75 percent of the share of the apportionment which is attributable to such systems within the urbanized area, as measured by vehicle revenue hours; or

(ii) operate a minimum of 76 buses and a maximum of 100 buses in fixed route service or demand response service, excluding ADA complementary paratransit service, during peak service hours, in an amount not to exceed 50 percent of the share of the apportionment which is attributable to such systems within the urbanized area, as measured by vehicle revenue hours; or

(B) subject to paragraph (3), for public transportation systems that—

(i) operate 75 or fewer buses in fixed route service or demand response service, excluding ADA complementary paratransit service, during peak service hours, in an amount not to exceed 75 percent of the share of the apportionment allocated to such systems within the urbanized area, as determined by the local planning process and included in the designated recipient's final program of projects prepared under subsection (b); or

(ii) operate a minimum of 76 buses and a maximum of 100 buses in fixed route service or demand response service, excluding ADA complementary paratransit service during peak service hours, in an amount not to exceed 50 percent of the share of the apportionment allocated to such systems within the urbanized area, as determined by the local planning process and included in the designated recipient's final program of projects prepared under subsection (b).

(3) The amount available to a public transportation system under subparagraph (B) of paragraph (2) shall be not more than 10 percent greater than the amount that would otherwise be available to the system under subparagraph (A) of that paragraph.

(b) Program of Projects.—Each recipient of a grant shall—

(1) make available to the public information on amounts available to the recipient under this section;

(2) develop, in consultation with interested parties, including private transportation providers, a proposed program of projects for activities to be financed;

(3) publish a proposed program of projects in a way that affected individuals, private transportation providers, and local elected officials have the opportunity to examine the proposed program and submit comments on the proposed program and the performance of the recipient;

(4) provide an opportunity for a public hearing in which to obtain the views of individuals on the proposed program of projects;

(5) ensure that the proposed program of projects provides for the coordination of public transportation services assisted under section 5336 of this title with transportation services assisted from other United States Government sources;

(6) consider comments and views received, especially those of private transportation providers, in preparing the final program of projects; and

(7) make the final program of projects available to the public.

(c) Grant Recipient Requirements.—A recipient may receive a grant in a fiscal year only if—

(1) the recipient, within the time the Secretary prescribes, submits a final program of projects prepared under subsection (b) of this section and a certification for that fiscal year that the recipient (including a person receiving amounts from a Governor under this section)—

(A) has or will have the legal, financial, and technical capacity to carry out the program, including safety and security aspects of the program;

(B) has or will have satisfactory continuing control over the use of equipment and facilities;

(C) will maintain equipment and facilities in accordance with the recipient's transit asset management plan;

(D) will ensure that, during non-peak hours for transportation using or involving a facility or equipment of a project financed under this section, a fare that is not more than 50 percent of the peak hour fare will be charged for any—

(i) senior;

(ii) individual who, because of illness, injury, age, congenital malfunction, or other incapacity or temporary or permanent disability (including an individual who is a wheelchair user or has semiambulatory capability), cannot use a public transportation service or a public transportation facility effectively without special facilities, planning, or design; and

(iii) individual presenting a Medicare card issued to that individual under title II or XVIII of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 401 et seq. and 1395 et seq.);

(E) in carrying out a procurement under this section, will comply with sections 5323 and 5325;

(F) has complied with subsection (b) of this section;

(G) has available and will provide the required amounts as provided by subsection (d) of this section;

(H) will comply with sections 5303 and 5304;

(I) has a locally developed process to solicit and consider public comment before raising a fare or carrying out a major reduction of transportation;

(J)(i) will expend for each fiscal year for public transportation security projects, including increased lighting in or adjacent to a public transportation system (including bus stops, subway stations, parking lots, and garages), increased camera surveillance of an area in or adjacent to that system, providing an emergency telephone line to contact law enforcement or security personnel in an area in or adjacent to that system, and any other project intended to increase the security and safety of an existing or planned public transportation system, at least 1 percent of the amount the recipient receives for each fiscal year under section 5336 of this title; or

(ii) has decided that the expenditure for security projects is not necessary;

(K) in the case of a recipient for an urbanized area with a population of not fewer than 200,000 individuals, as determined by the Bureau of the Census, will submit an annual report listing projects carried out in the preceding fiscal year under this section for associated transit improvements as defined in section 5302; and

(L) will comply with section 5329(d); and

(2) the Secretary accepts the certification.

(d) Government Share of Costs.—

(1) Capital projects.—A grant for a capital project under this section shall be for 80 percent of the net project cost of the project. The recipient may provide additional local matching amounts.

(2) Operating expenses.—A grant for operating expenses under this section may not exceed 50 percent of the net project cost of the project.

(3) Remaining costs.—Subject to paragraph (4), the remainder of the net project costs shall be provided—

(A) in cash from non-Government sources other than revenues from providing public transportation services;

(B) from revenues from the sale of advertising and concessions;

(C) from an undistributed cash surplus, a replacement or depreciation cash fund or reserve, or new capital;

(D) from amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to a department or agency of the Government (other than the Department of Transportation) that are eligible to be expended for transportation; and

(E) from amounts received under a service agreement with a State or local social service agency or private social service organization.

(4) Use of certain funds.—For purposes of subparagraphs (D) and (E) of paragraph (3), the prohibitions on the use of funds for matching requirements under section 403(a)(5)(C)(vii) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 603(a)(5)(C)(vii)) shall not apply to Federal or State funds to be used for transportation purposes.

(e) Undertaking Projects in Advance.—

(1) Payment.—The Secretary may pay the Government share of the net project cost to a State or local governmental authority that carries out any part of a project eligible under subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (a)(1) without the aid of amounts of the Government and according to all applicable procedures and requirements if—

(A) the recipient applies for the payment;

(B) the Secretary approves the payment; and

(C) before carrying out any part of the project, the Secretary approves the plans and specifications for the part in the same way as for other projects under this section.

(2) Approval of application.—The Secretary may approve an application under paragraph (1) of this subsection only if an authorization for this section is in effect for the fiscal year to which the application applies. The Secretary may not approve an application if the payment will be more than—

(A) the recipient's expected apportionment under section 5336 of this title if the total amount authorized to be appropriated for the fiscal year to carry out this section is appropriated; less

(B) the maximum amount of the apportionment that may be made available for projects for operating expenses under this section.

(3) Financing costs.—

(A) In general.—The cost of carrying out part of a project includes the amount of interest earned and payable on bonds issued by the recipient to the extent proceeds of the bonds are expended in carrying out the part.

(B) Limitation on the amount of interest.—The amount of interest allowed under this paragraph may not be more than the most favorable financing terms reasonably available for the project at the time of borrowing.

(C) Certification.—The applicant shall certify, in a manner satisfactory to the Secretary, that the applicant has shown reasonable diligence in seeking the most favorable financing terms.

(f) Reviews, Audits, and Evaluations.—

(1) Annual review.—

(A) In general.—At least annually, the Secretary shall carry out, or require a recipient to have carried out independently, reviews and audits the Secretary considers appropriate to establish whether the recipient has carried out—

(i) the activities proposed under subsection (c) of this section in a timely and effective way and can continue to do so; and

(ii) those activities and its certifications and has used amounts of the Government in the way required by law.

(B) Auditing procedures.—An audit of the use of amounts of the Government shall comply with the auditing procedures of the Comptroller General.

(2) Triennial review.—At least once every 3 years, the Secretary shall review and evaluate completely the performance of a recipient in carrying out the recipient's program, specifically referring to compliance with statutory and administrative requirements and the extent to which actual program activities are consistent with the activities proposed under subsection (c) of this section and the planning process required under sections 5303, 5304, and 5305 of this title. To the extent practicable, the Secretary shall coordinate such reviews with any related State or local reviews.

(3) Actions resulting from review, audit, or evaluation.—The Secretary may take appropriate action consistent with a review, audit, and evaluation under this subsection, including making an appropriate adjustment in the amount of a grant or withdrawing the grant.

(g) Treatment.—For purposes of this section, the United States Virgin Islands shall be treated as an urbanized area, as defined in section 5302.

(h) Passenger Ferry Grants.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary may make grants under this subsection to recipients for passenger ferry projects that are eligible for a grant under subsection (a).

(2) Grant requirements.—Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, a grant under this subsection shall be subject to the same terms and conditions as a grant under subsection (a).

(3) Competitive process.—The Secretary shall solicit grant applications and make grants for eligible projects on a competitive basis.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 795; Pub. L. 103–429, §6(7), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4378; Pub. L. 104–287, §5(11), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3389; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3007(a)(1), (b)–(h), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 347, 348; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(e), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 855; Pub. L. 107–232, §1, Oct. 1, 2002, 116 Stat. 1478; Pub. L. 108–88, §8(n), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1125; Pub. L. 108–202, §9(n), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 488; Pub. L. 108–224, §7(n), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 636; Pub. L. 108–263, §7(n), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 708; Pub. L. 108–280, §7(n), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 885; Pub. L. 108–310, §8(n), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1158; Pub. L. 109–14, §7(m), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 333; Pub. L. 109–20, §7(m), July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 355; Pub. L. 109–35, §7(m), July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 389; Pub. L. 109–37, §7(m), July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 404; Pub. L. 109–40, §7(m), July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 420; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §§3002(b)(4), 3009(a)–(h), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1545, 1568-1571; Pub. L. 110–244, title II, §201(c), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1609; Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §432, Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 88; Pub. L. 111–322, title II, §2302, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3526; Pub. L. 112–5, title III, §302, Mar. 4, 2011, 125 Stat. 18; Pub. L. 112–30, title I, §132, Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 350; Pub. L. 112–102, title III, §302, Mar. 30, 2012, 126 Stat. 275; Pub. L. 112–140, title III, §302, June 29, 2012, 126 Stat. 396; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20007, div. G, title III, §113002, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 652, 983; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3004, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1450; Pub. L. 115–31, div. K, title I, §165, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 749.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5307(a)(1)	49 App.:1607a(j)(1) (last sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(j)(1) (last sentence); added Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §303, 96 Stat. 2145; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §§309(b)(1), (2), 327(b), 101 Stat. 227, 238.
5307(a)(2)	49 App.:1607a(m)(1).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(h), (i), (m)(1); added Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §303, 96 Stat. 2145, 2147; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §327(b), 101 Stat. 238; Oct. 6, 1992, Pub. L. 102–388, §503(2), 106 Stat. 1567.
5307(b)(1)	49 App.:1607a(j)(1) (1st sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(j)(1) (1st sentence); added Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §303, 96 Stat. 2145; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §§309(b)(3), 327(b), 101 Stat. 227, 238.
5307(b)(2)	49 App.:1607a(j)(1) (2d sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(j)(1) (2d sentence); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3013(h)(1), 105 Stat. 2107.
5307(b)(3)	49 App.:1607a(j)(1) (3d, 4th sentences).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(j)(1) (3d, 4th sentences); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §308, 101 Stat. 226.
5307(b)(4)	49 App.:1607a(j)(2).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(j)(2); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §309(b)(4), 101 Stat. 227.
5307(b)(5)	49 App.:1607a(j)(3).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(j)(3); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3013(h)(2), 105 Stat. 2107.
5307(c)	49 App.:1607a(f).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(f); added Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §303, 96 Stat. 2144; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §327(b), 101 Stat. 238; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3013(g), 105 Stat. 2107.
5307(d)(1)	49 App.:1607a(e)(2) (1st, last sentences).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(e)(2); added Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §303, 96 Stat. 2143; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §§312(a), 327(b), 101 Stat. 228, 238; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3013(d), 105 Stat. 2106.
	49 App.:1607a(e)(3).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 202, §9(e)(3); added Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §303, 96 Stat. 2143; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §327(b), 101 Stat. 238; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3013(f), 105 Stat. 2106.
5307(d)(2)	49 App.:1607a(e)(5).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(e)(5); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §312(f)(1), 101 Stat. 229.
5307(e)	49 App.:1607a(k)(1).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(k)(1); added Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §303, 96 Stat. 2145; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §§309(c), (d), (f), 312(b)(1), 327(b), 101 Stat. 227, 228, 238.
5307(f)	49 App.:1607a (note).	Nov. 21, 1989, Pub. L. 101–164, §334(c), 103 Stat. 1098.
5307(g)	49 App.:1607a(p).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(p); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §306(b), 101 Stat. 225.
5307(h)	49 App.:1607a(e)(6).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(e)(6); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3013(e), 105 Stat. 2106.
5307(i)	49 App.:1607a(g).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(g); added Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §303, 96 Stat. 2144; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §§312(f)(2), 327(b), 101 Stat. 229, 238.
5307(j)	49 App.:1607a(e)(4).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(e)(4); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §312(b)(2), 101 Stat. 228.
5307(k)	49 App.:1607a(e)(2) (2d, 3d sentences).
5307(l)	49 App.:1607a(i).
5307(m)	49 App.:1607a(r).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(r); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3013(j), 105 Stat. 2107.
5307(n)(1)	49 App.:1607a(h).
5307(n)(2)	49 App.:1607a(e)(1).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(e)(1); added Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §303, 96 Stat. 2143; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §327(b), 101 Stat. 238; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3013(c), 105 Stat. 2106.

In subsection (a)(2)(A), the word "required" is omitted as surplus. The word "apportion" is substituted for "dispense" for consistency in this chapter. The word "appropriated" is omitted for clarity.

In subsection (a)(2)(B), the word "authority" is substituted for "agency" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code. The words "by lease, contract, or otherwise" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(1), the words "by operation or lease or otherwise" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(3), the words "the Secretary prescribes" are added for clarity. The text of 49 App.:1607a(j)(1) (4th sentence) is omitted as executed.

In subsection (b)(4), the words "(whether by employees of the grant recipient or by contract)" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c)(1), the words "of funds" are omitted as surplus. The words "to the recipient" are added for clarity. The words "with such funds" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c)(3), the words "as appropriate" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c)(5), the words "and shall, if deemed appropriate by the recipient, modify the proposed program of projects" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d)(1)(B), the words "through operation or lease or otherwise" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d)(1)(D), the words "ensure that elderly and handicapped individuals . . . will be charged during non-peak hours for transportation using or involving a facility or equipment of a project financed under this chapter not more than 50 percent of the peak hour fare" are substituted for 49 App.:1607a(e)(3)(C) and the words "will give the rate required by section 1604(m) of this Appendix" for clarity and consistency in the revised title. The word "duly" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d)(1)(J)(ii), the words "has decided" are added for clarity to correct an error in the source provisions being restated.

In subsection (e), the words "at its option", "public", "the amount of any", "by such system", "Any public or private", "solely", and "available in" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (f), the word "authority" is substituted for "agency or instrumentality" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the Code.

In subsection (f)(1), the words "is responsible under State laws for the financing, construction and operation, directly by lease, contract or otherwise, of public transportation services" are omitted as surplus because a State that is a designated recipient has that responsibility. The words "of UMTA funds", "combined total permissible", and "regardless of whether the amount for any particular urbanized area is exceeded" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (f)(2), the word "Secretary" is substituted for "UMTA" [subsequently changed to "FTA" because of section 3004(b) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (Public Law 102–240, 105 Stat. 2088)] because of 49:102(b) and 107(a). The words "This provision shall take effect with the fiscal year 1990 section 9 apportionment" are omitted as obsolete.

In subsection (g)(2), before clause (A), the word "applies" is substituted for "is sought beyond the currently authorized funds for such recipient" to eliminate unnecessary words. In clause (A), the words "of funds" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (g)(3), the words "Subject to the provisions of this paragraph", "the Federal share of which the Secretary is authorized to pay under this subsection", and "actually" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (i)(1)(A), before clause (i), the words "necessary or" are omitted as surplus. In clause (ii), the words "required by law" are substituted for "which is consistent with the applicable requirements of this chapter and other applicable laws" to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (i)(1)(B), the words "Comptroller General" are substituted for "General Accounting Office" because of 31:702(b).

In subsection (i)(2), the words "In addition to the reviews and audits described in paragraph (1)" and "perform a" are omitted as surplus.

Subsection (i)(3) is substituted for 49 App.:1607a(g)(3) to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (l), the words "Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy" are substituted for "Office of Federal Procurement Policy" because of 41:404(b). The words "Such approval shall be binding until withdrawn" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (n)(1), the words "available under section 5336 of this title" are substituted for "available under this subsection" for clarity.

In subsection (n)(2), the references to sections 5302(a)(8) and 5318 are added for clarity. The source provisions of sections 5302(a)(8) and 5318, enacted by section 317 of the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987 (Public Law 100–17, 101 Stat. 233), were not intended to come under the exclusion stated in 49 App.:1607a(e)(1). The reference to 49 App.:1604(k)(3) is omitted as obsolete. The words "condition, limitation, or other" and "for programs of projects" are omitted as surplus.

Pub. L. 103–429, §6(7)(A)

This amends 49:5307(d)(1)(D) to correct an error in the codification enacted by section 1 of the Act of July 5, 1994 (Public Law 103–272, 108 Stat. 797).

Pub. L. 103–429, §6(7)(B)

This makes a clarifying amendment to 49:5307(d)(1)(E)(iii).

Pub. L. 104–287

This amends 49:5307(a)(2) to delete an obsolete provision.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(D)(iii), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Titles II and XVIII of such Act are classified generally to subchapters II (§401 et seq.) and XVIII (§1395 et seq.) respectively, of chapter 7 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

2017—Subsec. (a)(2), (3). Pub. L. 115–31 added pars. (2) and (3) and struck out former pars. (2) and (3) which read as follows:

"(2) Special rule.—The Secretary may make grants under this section to finance the operating cost of equipment and facilities for use in public transportation, excluding rail fixed guideway, in an urbanized area with a population of not fewer than 200,000 individuals, as determined by the Bureau of the Census—

"(A) for public transportation systems that operate 75 or fewer buses in fixed route service or demand response service, excluding ADA complementary paratransit service, during peak service hours, in an amount not to exceed 75 percent of the share of the apportionment which is attributable to such systems within the urbanized area, as measured by vehicle revenue hours; and

"(B) for public transportation systems that operate a minimum of 76 buses and a maximum of 100 buses in fixed route service or demand response service, excluding ADA complementary paratransit service, during peak service hours, in an amount not to exceed 50 percent of the share of the apportionment which is attributable to such systems within the urbanized area, as measured by vehicle revenue hours.

"(3) Exception to the special rule.—Notwithstanding paragraph (2), if a public transportation system described in such paragraph executes a written agreement with 1 or more other public transportation systems within the urbanized area to allocate funds for the purposes described in the paragraph by a method other than by measuring vehicle revenue hours, each public transportation system that is a party to the written agreement may follow the terms of the written agreement without regard to measured vehicle revenue hours referred to in the paragraph."

2015—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 114–94, §3004(1)(A), inserted "or demand response service, excluding ADA complementary paratransit service," before "during peak" in subpars. (A) and (B).

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 114–94, §3004(1)(B), added par. (3).

Subsec. (c)(1)(C). Pub. L. 114–94, §3004(2)(A), inserted "in accordance with the recipient's transit asset management plan" after "equipment and facilities".

Subsec. (c)(1)(K). Pub. L. 114–94, §3004(2)(B), substituted "Census, will submit an annual report listing projects carried out in the preceding fiscal year under this section for associated transit improvements as defined in section 5302; and" for "Census—

"(i) will expend not less than 1 percent of the amount the recipient receives each fiscal year under this section for associated transit improvements, as defined in section 5302; and

"(ii) will submit an annual report listing projects carried out in the preceding fiscal year with those funds; and".

2012—Pub. L. 112–141, §20007, amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to urbanized area formula grants and consisted of subsecs. (a) to (l).

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 112–141, §113002(1), substituted "Special rule for fiscal years 2005 through 2012" for "Special rule for fiscal years 2005 through 2011 and the period beginning on october 1, 2011, and ending on june 30, 2012" in heading.

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 302(1), temporarily substituted "ending on july 6, 2012" for "ending on june 30, 2012" in heading. See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §302(1), substituted "Special rule for fiscal years 2005 through 2011 and the period beginning on october 1, 2011, and ending on june 30, 2012" for "Special rule for fiscal years 2005 through 2011 and the period beginning on october 1, 2011, and ending on march 31, 2012" in heading.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 112–141, §113002(2), substituted "2012," for "2011 and the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 302(2), temporarily substituted "ending on July 6, 2012," for "ending on June 30, 2012," in introductory provisions. See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §302(2), substituted "2011 and the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "2011 and the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2)(E). Pub. L. 112–141, §113002(3), substituted "Maximum amounts in fiscal years 2008 through 2012" for "Maximum amounts in fiscal years 2008 through 2011 and the period beginning on october 1, 2011, and ending on june 30, 2012" in heading and "2012" for "2011 and during the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 302(3), temporarily substituted "ending on july 6, 2012" for "ending on june 30, 2012" in heading and "ending on July 6, 2012" for "ending on June 30, 2012" in introductory provisions. See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §302(3), substituted "Maximum amounts in fiscal years 2008 through 2011 and the period beginning on october 1, 2011, and ending on june 30, 2012" for "Maximum amounts in fiscal years 2008 through 2011 and the period beginning on october 1, 2011, and ending on march 31, 2012" in heading and "2011 and during the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012" for "2011 and during the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012" in introductory provisions.

2011—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 112–30, §132(1), substituted "Special rule for fiscal years 2005 through 2011 and the period beginning on october 1, 2011, and ending on march 31, 2012" for "Special rule for fiscal years 2005 through 2011" in heading.

Pub. L. 112–5, §302(1), substituted "Special rule for fiscal years 2005 through 2011" for "Special rule for fiscal years 2005 through 2010, and the period beginning october 1, 2010, and ending march 4, 2011" in heading.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 112–30, §132(2), substituted "2011 and the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "2011," in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 112–5, §302(2), substituted "2011," for "2010, and the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending March 4, 2011," in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2)(E). Pub. L. 112–30, §132(3), substituted "Maximum amounts in fiscal years 2008 through 2011 and the period beginning on october 1, 2011, and ending on march 31, 2012" for "Maximum amounts in fiscal years 2008 through 2011" in heading and "2011 and during the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012" for "2011" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 112–5, §302(3), substituted "Maximum amounts in fiscal years 2008 through 2011" for "Maximum amounts in fiscal years 2008 through 2010 and during the period beginning october 1, 2010, and ending march 4, 2011" in heading and "In each of fiscal years 2008 through 2011" for "In fiscal years 2008 through 2010, and during the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending March 4, 2011," in introductory provisions.

2010—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 111–322, §2302(1), substituted "march 4, 2011" for "december 31, 2010" in heading.

Pub. L. 111–147, §432(1), substituted "2010, and the period beginning october 1, 2010, and ending december 31, 2010" for "2009" in heading.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 111–322, §2302(2), substituted "March 4, 2011" for "December 31, 2010" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 111–147, §432(2), substituted "2010, and the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010," for "2009," in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2)(E). Pub. L. 111–322, §2302(3), substituted "march 4, 2011" for "december 31, 2010" in heading and "March 4, 2011" for "December 31, 2010" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 111–147, §432(3), substituted "through 2010 and during the period beginning october 1, 2010, and ending december 31, 2010" for "and 2009" in heading and "through 2010, and during the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010," for "and 2009" in introductory provisions.

2008—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 110–244, §201(c)(1), substituted "2009" for "2007" in heading.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 110–244, §201(c)(2), in introductory provisions, substituted "2009" for "2007" and "public" for "mass".

Subsec. (b)(2)(E). Pub. L. 110–244, §201(c)(3), added subpar. (E).

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 110–244, §201(c)(4), substituted "section 5303(k)" for "section 5305(a)" in introductory provisions.

2005—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §3009(b)(1), substituted "means—" for "means", designated part of existing provisions as subpar. (A), and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §3009(b)(2), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: "a person designated, consistent with the planning process under sections 5303–5306 of this title, by the chief executive officer of a State, responsible local officials, and publicly owned operators of mass transportation to receive and apportion amounts under section 5336 of this title that are attributable to transportation management areas established under section 5305(a) of this title; or".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §3009(c)(1), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "The Secretary of Transportation may make grants under this section for capital projects and to finance the planning and improvement costs of equipment, facilities, and associated capital maintenance items for use in mass transportation, including the renovation and improvement of historic transportation facilities with related private investment. The Secretary may also make grants under this section to finance the operating cost of equipment and facilities for use in mass transportation in an urbanized area with a population of less than 200,000."

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §3009(c)(2), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which related to special rule for fiscal years 2003 and 2004 and for the period of Oct. 1, 2004, through July 30, 2005.

Pub. L. 109–40, §7(m)(1), substituted "july 30, 2005" for "july 27, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(m)(1), substituted "july 27, 2005" for "july 21, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(m)(1), substituted "july 21, 2005" for "july 19, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(m)(1), substituted "july 19, 2005" for "june 30, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(m)(1), substituted "june 30, 2005" for "may 31, 2005" in heading.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(m)(2), substituted "July 30, 2005" for "July 27, 2005" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(m)(2), substituted "July 27, 2005" for "July 21, 2005" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(m)(2), substituted "July 21, 2005" for "July 19, 2005" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(m)(2), substituted "July 19, 2005" for "June 30, 2005" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(m)(2), substituted "June 30, 2005" for "May 31, 2005" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(3)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation".

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 109–59, §3009(c)(3), struck out par. (4) which read as follows: "A project for the reconstruction of equipment and material, each of which after reconstruction will have a fair market value of at least .5 percent of the current fair market value of rolling stock comparable to the rolling stock for which the equipment and material will be used, is a capital project for an associated capital maintenance item under this section."

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation".

Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §3009(d)(1), inserted ", including safety and security aspects of the program" before semicolon at end.

Subsec. (d)(1)(E)(iv). Pub. L. 109–59, §3009(d)(2), added cl. (iv).

Subsec. (d)(1)(H). Pub. L. 109–59, §3009(d)(3), substituted "section 5301(a), section 5301(d), and sections 5303 through 5306" for "sections 5301(a) and (d), 5303–5306, and 5310(a)–(d) of this title".

Subsec. (d)(1)(J)(i). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (d)(1)(K). Pub. L. 109–59, §3009(d)(4), (5), added subpar. (K).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §3009(e), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "A grant of the Government for a capital project (including associated capital maintenance items) under this section is for 80 percent of the net project cost of the project. A recipient may provide additional local matching amounts. A grant for operating expenses may not be more than 50 percent of the net project cost of the project. The remainder of the net project cost shall be provided in cash from sources other than amounts of the Government or revenues from providing mass transportation (excluding revenues derived from the sale of advertising and concessions that are more than the amount of those revenues in the fiscal year that ended September 30, 1985). Transit system amounts that make up the remainder shall be from an undistributed cash surplus, a replacement or depreciation cash fund or reserve, or new capital."

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation".

Subsec. (g)(4). Pub. L. 109–59, §3009(f), struck out par. (4) which read as follows: "The Secretary shall consider changes in capital project cost indices when determining the estimated cost under paragraph (3) of this subsection."

Subsecs. (h), (i). Pub. L. 109–59, §3009(a), redesignated subsecs. (i) and (l) as (h) and (i), respectively, and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (h). Text read as follows: "The Secretary shall prescribe streamlined administrative procedures for complying with the certification requirement under subsection (d)(1)(B) and (C) of this section for track and signal equipment used in existing operations."

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 109–59, §3009(a), redesignated subsec. (m) as (j) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (j). Text read as follows: "A recipient (including a person receiving amounts from a chief executive officer of a State under this section) shall submit annually to the Secretary a report on the revenues the recipient derives from the sale of advertising and concessions."

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 109–59, §3009(g), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (k) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(1) Section 1001 of title 18 applies to a certificate or submission under this section. The Secretary may end a grant under this section and seek reimbursement, directly or by offsetting amounts available under section 5336 of this title, when a false or fraudulent statement or related act within the meaning of section 1001 is made in connection with a certification or submission.

"(2) Sections 5302, 5318, 5319, 5323(a)(1), (d), and (f), 5332, and 5333 of this title apply to this section and to a grant made under this section. Except as provided in this section, no other provision of this chapter applies to this section or to a grant made under this section."

Pub. L. 109–59, §3009(a), redesignated subsec. (n) as (k) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (k). Text read as follows:

"(1) In general.—One percent of the funds apportioned to urbanized areas with a population of at least 200,000 under section 5336 for a fiscal year shall be made available for transit enhancement activities in accordance with section 5302(a)(15).

"(2) Period of availability.—Funds apportioned under paragraph (1) shall be available for obligation for 3 years following the fiscal year in which the funds are apportioned. Funds that are not obligated at the end of such period shall be reapportioned under the urbanized area formula program of section 5336.

"(3) Report.—A recipient of funds apportioned under paragraph (1) shall submit, as part of the recipient's annual certification to the Secretary, a report listing the projects carried out during the preceding fiscal year with those funds."

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 109–59, §3009(h), added subsec. (l).

Pub. L. 109–59, §3009(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (l) as (i).

Subsecs. (m), (n). Pub. L. 109–59, §3009(a)(2), redesignated subsecs. (m) and (n) as (j) and (k), respectively.

2004—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 108–310 inserted "and for the period of october 1, 2004, through may 31, 2005" after "2004" in heading and directed the insertion of "and for the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005" after "2004," in subpar. (A), which was executed by making the insertion after "2004" in introductory provisions of subpar. (A), to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 108–280 substituted "fiscal years 2003 and 2004" for "fiscal year 2003 and for the period of october 1, 2003, through july 31, 2004" in heading and "fiscal years 2003 and 2004" for "fiscal year 2003, and for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004" in introductory provisions of subpar. (A).

Pub. L. 108–263 substituted "july 31, 2004" for "june 30, 2004" in heading and "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004" in introductory provisions of subpar. (A).

Pub. L. 108–224 substituted "june 30, 2004" for "april 30, 2004" in heading and "June 30, 2004" for "April 30, 2004" in introductory provisions of subpar. (A).

Pub. L. 108–202 substituted "april 30, 2004" for "february 29, 2004" in heading and "April 30, 2004" for "February 29, 2004" in introductory provisions of subpar. (A).

2003—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(n)(1), inserted "and for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004" after "2003" in heading.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(n)(2), inserted "and for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004" after "2003," and added cl. (iv).

Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(n)(3), inserted at end "Each portion of an area not designated as an urbanized area under the 1990 Federal decennial census and eligible to receive funds under subparagraph (A)(iv) shall receive an amount of funds made available to carry out this section that is no less than the amount the portion of the area received under section 5311 in fiscal year 2002."

2002—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 107–232, §1(1), struck out at end "The Secretary may make grants under this section from funds made available for fiscal year 1998 to finance the operating costs of equipment and facilities for use in mass transportation in an urbanized area with a population of at least 200,000."

Subsec. (b)(2) to (4). Pub. L. 107–232, §1(2)–(4), added par. (2), redesignated former pars. (2) and (3) as (3) and (4), respectively, and realigned margins of par. (3)(C), as redesignated.

1998—Pub. L. 105–178, §3007(a)(1), substituted "Urbanized area formula grants" for "Block grants" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §3007(b)(1), substituted "In this section, the following definitions apply:" for "In this section—" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §3007(b)(2), inserted "Associated capital maintenance items.—The term" after "(1)".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §3007(b)(3), inserted "Designated recipient.—The term" after "(2)".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §3007(h)(1), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(e), inserted at end "The Secretary may make grants under this section from funds made available for fiscal year 1998 to finance the operating costs of equipment and facilities for use in mass transportation in an urbanized area with a population of at least 200,000."

Pub. L. 105–178, §3007(c)(1), substituted "and improvement costs of equipment" for ", improvement, and operating costs of equipment" and inserted at end "The Secretary may also make grants under this section to finance the operating cost of equipment and facilities for use in mass transportation in an urbanized area with a population of less than 200,000."

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §3007(c)(2)(A), inserted ", in writing," after "approved".

Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 105–178, §3007(c)(2)(B)–(4), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (b)(3), (4). Pub. L. 105–178, §3007(c)(5), (6), redesignated par. (4) as (3) and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: "A grant for a capital project under this section also is available to finance the leasing of equipment and facilities for use in mass transportation, subject to regulations the Secretary prescribes limiting the grant to leasing arrangements that are more cost effective than acquisition or construction."

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 105–178, §3007(c)(5), struck out par. (5) which read as follows: "Amounts under this section are available for a highway project under title 23 only if amounts used for the State or local share of the project are eligible to finance either a highway or mass transportation project."

Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 105–178, §3007(d), substituted "the most favorable financing terms reasonably available for the project at the time of borrowing. The applicant shall certify, in a manner satisfactory to the Secretary, that the applicant has shown reasonable diligence in seeking the most favorable financing terms." for "the amount by which the estimated cost of carrying out the part (if it would be carried out at the time the part is converted to a regularly financed project) exceeds the actual cost (except interest) of carrying out the part."

Subsec. (i)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §3007(e), inserted at end "To the extent practicable, the Secretary shall coordinate such reviews with any related State or local reviews."

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 105–178, §3007(f), amended heading and text of subsec. (k) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "A certification under subsection (d) of this section and any additional certification required by law to be submitted to the Secretary may be consolidated into a single document to be submitted annually as part of the grant application under this section. The Secretary shall publish annually a list of all certifications required under this chapter with the publication required under section 5336(e)(2) of this title."

Subsec. (k)(3). Pub. L. 105–178, §3007(h)(2), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(e), inserted "preceding" before "fiscal year".

Subsec. (n)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §3007(g), inserted "5319," after "5318,".

1996—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 104–287 substituted "title; or" for "title;" in subpar. (A) and "transportation." for "transportation; or" in subpar. (B) and struck out subpar. (C) which read as follows: "a recipient designated under section 5(b)(1) of the Federal Transit Act not later than January 5, 1983."

1994—Subsec. (d)(1)(D). Pub. L. 103–429, §6(7)(A), substituted "section" for "chapter".

Subsec. (d)(1)(E)(iii). Pub. L. 103–429, §6(7)(B), substituted "Buy America" for "Buy-American".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by section 20007 of Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Amendment by section 113002 of Pub. L. 112–141 effective July 1, 2012, see section 114001 of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as a note under section 5305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–140 to cease to be effective on July 6, 2012, with text as amended by Pub. L. 112–140 to revert back to read as it did on the day before June 29, 2012, and amendments by Pub. L. 112–141 to be executed as if Pub. L. 112–140 had not been enacted, see section 1(c) of Pub. L. 112–140, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–287 effective July 5, 1994, see section 8(1) of Pub. L. 104–287, set out as a note under section 5303 of this title.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–429 effective July 5, 1994, see section 9 of Pub. L. 103–429, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.

Pilot Program for Cooperative Procurement of Major Capital Equipment

Pub. L. 108–447, div. H, title I, §167, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3228, required the Secretary to continue the pilot program authorized under section 166 of Pub. L. 108–199, increased the program to 5 pilot projects, and required reports on the results of the projects.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title I, §166, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 309, required the Secretary to establish a pilot program consisting of 3 pilot projects related to cooperative procurement of major capital equipment and required reports on the results of the projects.

Local Share

Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3011, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 357, as amended by Pub. L. 108–202, §9(u), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 489; Pub. L. 108–224, §7(u), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 637; Pub. L. 108–263, §7(u), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 708; Pub. L. 108–280, §7(u), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 886; Pub. L. 108–310, §8(u), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1158; Pub. L. 109–14, §7(t), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 334; Pub. L. 109–20, §7(s), July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 356; Pub. L. 109–35, §7(s), July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 389; Pub. L. 109–37, §7(s), July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 404; Pub. L. 109–40, §7(s), July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 421, allowed recipients of assistance under section 5307 or 5309 of this title to use proceeds from the issuance of revenue bonds as part of the local matching funds for a capital project for fiscal years 1999 to 2004 and from Oct. 1, 2004, to July 30, 2005.

Pilot Program for Intercity Rail Infrastructure Investment From Mass Transit Account of Highway Trust Fund

Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3021, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 363; as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(m), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 857; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(g) [title III, §354], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–439, 2681-476; Pub. L. 106–69, title III, §323, Oct. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1020, required the Secretary of Transportation to establish a pilot program to determine the benefits of using funds from the Mass Transit Account of the Highway Trust Fund for intercity passenger rail and required a report evaluating the program to be submitted no later than Oct. 1, 2002.

Continuation of Operating Assistance to Certain Larger Urbanized Areas

Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3027(c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 366; as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(o)(1), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 858; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(g) [title III, §360], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–439, 2681-477; Pub. L. 106–31, title VI, §6004, May 21, 1999, 113 Stat. 113; Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title III, §341], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A-32; Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title I, §176, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 311, authorized the Secretary of Transportation to continue helping to finance mass transportation operating costs in certain urban areas for the period beginning on June 9, 1998, and ending no later than 3 years after that date.

[§5308. Repealed. Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20002(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 622]

Section, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 800; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3008(a), (c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 348; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(f), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 855; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3010(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1572, related to a grant program for clean fuel buses.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

National Fuel Cell Bus Technology Development Program

Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3045, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1705, which provided for the establishment of a national fuel cell bus technology development program, was repealed by Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20002(c)(4), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 622.

§5309. Fixed guideway capital investment grants

(a) Definitions.—In this section, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) Applicant.—The term "applicant" means a State or local governmental authority that applies for a grant under this section.

(2) Core capacity improvement project.—The term "core capacity improvement project" means a substantial corridor-based capital investment in an existing fixed guideway system that increases the capacity of a corridor by not less than 10 percent. The term does not include project elements designed to maintain a state of good repair of the existing fixed guideway system.

(3) Corridor-based bus rapid transit project.—The term "corridor-based bus rapid transit project" means a small start project utilizing buses in which the project represents a substantial investment in a defined corridor as demonstrated by features that emulate the services provided by rail fixed guideway public transportation systems, including defined stations; traffic signal priority for public transportation vehicles; short headway bidirectional services for a substantial part of weekdays; and any other features the Secretary may determine support a long-term corridor investment, but the majority of which does not operate in a separated right-of-way dedicated for public transportation use during peak periods.

(4) Fixed guideway bus rapid transit project.—The term "fixed guideway bus rapid transit project" means a bus capital project—

(A) in which the majority of the project operates in a separated right-of-way dedicated for public transportation use during peak periods;

(B) that represents a substantial investment in a single route in a defined corridor or subarea; and

(C) that includes features that emulate the services provided by rail fixed guideway public transportation systems, including—

(i) defined stations;

(ii) traffic signal priority for public transportation vehicles;

(iii) short headway bidirectional services for a substantial part of weekdays and weekend days; and

(iv) any other features the Secretary may determine are necessary to produce high-quality public transportation services that emulate the services provided by rail fixed guideway public transportation systems.

(5) New fixed guideway capital project.—The term "new fixed guideway capital project" means—

(A) a new fixed guideway project that is a minimum operable segment or extension to an existing fixed guideway system; or

(B) a fixed guideway bus rapid transit project that is a minimum operable segment or an extension to an existing bus rapid transit system.

(6) Small start project.—The term "small start project" means a new fixed guideway capital project or corridor-based bus rapid transit project for which—

(A) the Federal assistance provided or to be provided under this section is less than $150,000,000; and

(B) the total estimated net capital cost is less than $400,000,000.

(b) General Authority.—The Secretary may make grants under this section to State and local governmental authorities to assist in financing—

(1) new fixed guideway capital projects or small start projects, including the acquisition of real property, the initial acquisition of rolling stock for the system, the acquisition of rights-of-way, and relocation, for fixed guideway corridor development for projects in the advanced stages of project development or engineering; and

(2) core capacity improvement projects, including the acquisition of real property, the acquisition of rights-of-way, double tracking, signalization improvements, electrification, expanding system platforms, acquisition of rolling stock associated with corridor improvements increasing capacity, construction of infill stations, and such other capacity improvement projects as the Secretary determines are appropriate to increase the capacity of an existing fixed guideway system corridor by at least 10 percent. Core capacity improvement projects do not include elements to improve general station facilities or parking, or acquisition of rolling stock alone.

(c) Grant Requirements.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary may make a grant under this section for new fixed guideway capital projects, small start projects, or core capacity improvement projects, if the Secretary determines that—

(A) the project is part of an approved transportation plan required under sections 5303 and 5304;

(B) the applicant has, or will have—

(i) the legal, financial, and technical capacity to carry out the project, including the safety and security aspects of the project;

(ii) satisfactory continuing control over the use of the equipment or facilities; and

(iii) the technical and financial capacity to maintain new and existing equipment and facilities; and

(C) the applicant has made progress toward meeting the performance targets in section 5326(c)(2).

(2) Certification.—An applicant that has submitted the certifications required under subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (H) of section 5307(c)(1) shall be deemed to have provided sufficient information upon which the Secretary may make the determinations required under this subsection.

(3) Technical capacity.—The Secretary shall use an expedited technical capacity review process for applicants that have recently and successfully completed at least 1 new fixed guideway capital project, or core capacity improvement project, if—

(A) the applicant achieved budget, cost, and ridership outcomes for the project that are consistent with or better than projections; and

(B) the applicant demonstrates that the applicant continues to have the staff expertise and other resources necessary to implement a new project.

(4) Recipient requirements.—A recipient of a grant awarded under this section shall be subject to all terms, conditions, requirements, and provisions that the Secretary determines to be necessary or appropriate for purposes of this section.

(d) New Fixed Guideway Grants.—

(1) Project development phase.—

(A) Entrance into project development phase.—A new fixed guideway capital project shall enter into the project development phase when—

(i) the applicant—

(I) submits a letter to the Secretary describing the project and requesting entry into the project development phase; and

(II) initiates activities required to be carried out under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) with respect to the project; and

(ii) the Secretary—

(I) responds in writing to the applicant within 45 days whether the information provided is sufficient to enter into the project development phase, including, when necessary, a detailed description of any information deemed insufficient; and

(II) provides concurrent notice to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives of whether the new fixed guideway capital project is entering the project development phase.

(B) Activities during project development phase.—Concurrent with the analysis required to be made under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), each applicant shall develop sufficient information to enable the Secretary to make findings of project justification and local financial commitment under this subsection.

(C) Completion of project development activities required.—

(i) In general.—Not later than 2 years after the date on which a project enters into the project development phase, the applicant shall complete the activities required to obtain a project rating under subsection (g)(2) and submit completed documentation to the Secretary.

(ii) Extension of time.—Upon the request of an applicant, the Secretary may extend the time period under clause (i), if the applicant submits to the Secretary—

(I) a reasonable plan for completing the activities required under this paragraph; and

(II) an estimated time period within which the applicant will complete such activities.

(2) Engineering phase.—

(A) In general.—A new fixed guideway capital project may advance to the engineering phase upon completion of activities required under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), as demonstrated by a record of decision with respect to the project, a finding that the project has no significant impact, or a determination that the project is categorically excluded, only if the Secretary determines that the project—

(i) is selected as the locally preferred alternative at the completion of the process required under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.);

(ii) is adopted into the metropolitan transportation plan required under section 5303;

(iii) is justified based on a comprehensive review of the project's mobility improvements, the project's environmental benefits, congestion relief associated with the project, economic development effects associated with the project, policies and land use patterns of the project that support public transportation, and the project's cost-effectiveness as measured by cost per rider; and

(iv) is supported by an acceptable degree of local financial commitment (including evidence of stable and dependable financing sources), as required under subsection (f).

(B) Determination that project is justified.—In making a determination under subparagraph (A)(iii), the Secretary shall evaluate, analyze, and consider—

(i) the reliability of the forecasting methods used to estimate costs and utilization made by the recipient and the contractors to the recipient; and

(ii) population density and current public transportation ridership in the transportation corridor.

(e) Core Capacity Improvement Projects.—

(1) Project development phase.—

(A) Entrance into project development phase.—A core capacity improvement project shall be deemed to have entered into the project development phase if—

(i) the applicant—

(I) submits a letter to the Secretary describing the project and requesting entry into the project development phase; and

(II) initiates activities required to be carried out under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) with respect to the project; and

(ii) the Secretary—

(I) responds in writing to the applicant within 45 days whether the information provided is sufficient to enter into the project development phase, including when necessary a detailed description of any information deemed insufficient; and

(II) provides concurrent notice to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives of whether the core capacity improvement project is entering the project development phase.

(B) Activities during project development phase.—Concurrent with the analysis required to be made under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), each applicant shall develop sufficient information to enable the Secretary to make findings of project justification and local financial commitment under this subsection.

(C) Completion of project development activities required.—

(i) In general.—Not later than 2 years after the date on which a project enters into the project development phase, the applicant shall complete the activities required to obtain a project rating under subsection (g)(2) and submit completed documentation to the Secretary.

(ii) Extension of time.—Upon the request of an applicant, the Secretary may extend the time period under clause (i), if the applicant submits to the Secretary—

(I) a reasonable plan for completing the activities required under this paragraph; and

(II) an estimated time period within which the applicant will complete such activities.

(2) Engineering phase.—

(A) In general.—A core capacity improvement project may advance into the engineering phase upon completion of activities required under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), as demonstrated by a record of decision with respect to the project, a finding that the project has no significant impact, or a determination that the project is categorically excluded, only if the Secretary determines that the project—

(i) is selected as the locally preferred alternative at the completion of the process required under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969;

(ii) is adopted into the metropolitan transportation plan required under section 5303;

(iii) is in a corridor that is—

(I) at or over capacity; or

(II) projected to be at or over capacity within the next 10 years, without regard to any temporary measures employed by the applicant expected to increase short-term capacity within the next 10 years;

(iv) is justified based on a comprehensive review of the project's mobility improvements, the project's environmental benefits, congestion relief associated with the project, economic development effects associated with the project, the capacity needs of the corridor, and the project's cost-effectiveness as measured by cost per rider; and

(v) is supported by an acceptable degree of local financial commitment (including evidence of stable and dependable financing sources), as required under subsection (f).

(B) Determination that project is justified.—In making a determination under subparagraph (A)(iv), the Secretary shall evaluate, analyze, and consider—

(i) the reliability of the forecasting methods used to estimate costs and utilization made by the recipient and the contractors to the recipient;

(ii) whether the project will increase capacity at least 10 percent in a corridor;

(iii) whether the project will improve interconnectivity among existing systems; and

(iv) whether the project will improve environmental outcomes.

(f) Financing Sources.—

(1) Requirements.—In determining whether a project is supported by an acceptable degree of local financial commitment and shows evidence of stable and dependable financing sources for purposes of subsection (d)(2)(A)(v) or (e)(2)(A)(v), the Secretary shall require that—

(A) the proposed project plan provides for the availability of contingency amounts that the Secretary determines to be reasonable to cover unanticipated cost increases or funding shortfalls;

(B) each proposed local source of capital and operating financing is stable, reliable, and available within the proposed project timetable; and

(C) local resources are available to recapitalize, maintain, and operate the overall existing and proposed public transportation system, including essential feeder bus and other services necessary to achieve the projected ridership levels without requiring a reduction in existing public transportation services or level of service to operate the project.

(2) Considerations.—In assessing the stability, reliability, and availability of proposed sources of local financing for purposes of subsection (d)(2)(A)(v) or (e)(2)(A)(v), the Secretary shall consider—

(A) the reliability of the forecasting methods used to estimate costs and revenues made by the recipient and the contractors to the recipient;

(B) existing grant commitments;

(C) the degree to which financing sources are dedicated to the proposed purposes;

(D) any debt obligation that exists, or is proposed by the recipient, for the proposed project or other public transportation purpose;

(E) the extent to which the project has a local financial commitment that exceeds the required non-Government share of the cost of the project; and

(F) private contributions to the project, including cost-effective project delivery, management or transfer of project risks, expedited project schedule, financial partnering, and other public-private partnership strategies.

(g) Project Advancement and Ratings.—

(1) Project advancement.—A new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement project proposed to be carried out using a grant under this section may not advance from the project development phase to the engineering phase, or from the engineering phase to the construction phase, unless the Secretary determines that—

(A) the project meets the applicable requirements under this section; and

(B) there is a reasonable likelihood that the project will continue to meet the requirements under this section.

(2) Ratings.—

(A) Overall rating.—In making a determination under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall evaluate and rate a project as a whole on a 5-point scale (high, medium-high, medium, medium-low, or low) based on—

(i) in the case of a new fixed guideway capital project, the project justification criteria under subsection (d)(2)(A)(iii), and the degree of local financial commitment; and

(ii) in the case of a core capacity improvement project, the capacity needs of the corridor, the project justification criteria under subsection (e)(2)(A)(iv), and the degree of local financial commitment.

(B) Individual ratings for each criterion.—In rating a project under this paragraph, the Secretary shall—

(i) provide, in addition to the overall project rating under subparagraph (A), individual ratings for each of the criteria established under subsection (d)(2)(A)(iii) or (e)(2)(A)(iv), as applicable; and

(ii) give comparable, but not necessarily equal, numerical weight to each of the criteria established under subsections (d)(2)(A)(iii) or (e)(2)(A)(iv), as applicable, in calculating the overall project rating under clause (i).

(C) Medium rating not required.—The Secretary shall not require that any single project justification criterion meet or exceed a "medium" rating in order to advance the project from one phase to another.

(3) Warrants.—The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, develop and use special warrants for making a project justification determination under subsection (d)(2) or (e)(2), as applicable, for a project proposed to be funded using a grant under this section, if—

(A) the share of the cost of the project to be provided under this section does not exceed 50 percent of the total cost of the project;

(B) the applicant requests the use of the warrants;

(C) the applicant certifies that its existing public transportation system is in a state of good repair; and

(D) the applicant meets any other requirements that the Secretary considers appropriate to carry out this subsection.

(4) Letters of intent and early systems work agreements.—In order to expedite a project under this subsection, the Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, issue letters of intent and enter into early systems work agreements upon issuance of a record of decision for projects that receive an overall project rating of medium or better.

(5) Policy guidance.—The Secretary shall issue policy guidance regarding the review and evaluation process and criteria—

(A) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012; and

(B) each time the Secretary makes significant changes to the process and criteria, but not less frequently than once every 2 years.

(6) Rules.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, the Secretary shall issue rules establishing an evaluation and rating process for—

(A) new fixed guideway capital projects that is based on the results of project justification, policies and land use patterns that promote public transportation, and local financial commitment, as required under this subsection; and

(B) core capacity improvement projects that is based on the results of the capacity needs of the corridor, project justification, and local financial commitment.

(7) Project re-entry.—In carrying out ratings and evaluations under this subsection, the Secretary shall provide full and fair consideration to projects that seek an updated rating after a period of inactivity following an earlier rating and evaluation.

(8) Applicability.—This subsection shall not apply to a project for which the Secretary issued a letter of intent, entered into a full funding grant agreement, or entered into a project construction agreement before the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012.

(h) Small Start Projects.—

(1) In general.—A small start project shall be subject to the requirements of this subsection.

(2) Project development phase.—

(A) Entrance into project development phase.—A new small starts project shall enter into the project development phase when—

(i) the applicant—

(I) submits a letter to the Secretary describing the project and requesting entry into the project development phase; and

(II) initiates activities required to be carried out under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) with respect to the project; and

(ii) the Secretary—

(I) responds in writing to the applicant within 45 days whether the information provided is sufficient to enter into the project development phase, including, when necessary, a detailed description of any information deemed insufficient; and

(II) provides concurrent notice to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives of whether the small starts project is entering the project development phase.

(B) Activities during project development phase.—Concurrent with the analysis required to be made under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), each applicant shall develop sufficient information to enable the Secretary to make findings of project justification, policies and land use patterns that promote public transportation, and local financial commitment under this subsection.

(3) Selection criteria.—The Secretary may provide Federal assistance for a small start project under this subsection only if the Secretary determines that the project—

(A) has been adopted as the locally preferred alternative as part of the metropolitan transportation plan required under section 5303;

(B) is based on the results of an analysis of the benefits of the project as set forth in paragraph (4); and

(C) is supported by an acceptable degree of local financial commitment.

(4) Evaluation of benefits and federal investment.—In making a determination for a small start project under paragraph (3)(B), the Secretary shall analyze, evaluate, and consider the following evaluation criteria for the project (as compared to a no-action alternative): mobility improvements, environmental benefits, congestion relief, economic development effects associated with the project, policies and land use patterns that support public transportation and cost-effectiveness as measured by cost per rider.

(5) Evaluation of local financial commitment.—For purposes of paragraph (3)(C), the Secretary shall require that each proposed local source of capital and operating financing is stable, reliable, and available within the proposed project timetable.

(6) Ratings.—

(A) In general.—In carrying out paragraphs (4) and (5) for a small start project, the Secretary shall evaluate and rate the project on a 5-point scale (high, medium-high, medium, medium-low, or low) based on an evaluation of the benefits of the project as compared to the Federal assistance to be provided and the degree of local financial commitment, as required under this subsection. In rating the projects, the Secretary shall provide, in addition to the overall project rating, individual ratings for each of the criteria established by this subsection and shall give comparable, but not necessarily equal, numerical weight to the benefits that the project will bring to the community in calculating the overall project rating.

(B) Optional early rating.—At the request of the project sponsor, the Secretary shall evaluate and rate the project in accordance with paragraphs (4) and (5) and subparagraph (A) of this paragraph upon completion of the analysis required under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).

(7) Grants and expedited grant agreements.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary, to the maximum extent practicable, shall provide Federal assistance under this subsection in a single grant. If the Secretary cannot provide such a single grant, the Secretary may execute an expedited grant agreement in order to include a commitment on the part of the Secretary to provide funding for the project in future fiscal years.

(B) Terms of expedited grant agreements.—In executing an expedited grant agreement under this subsection, the Secretary may include in the agreement terms similar to those established under subsection (k)(2).

(C) Notice of proposed grants and expedited grant agreements.—At least 10 days before making a grant award or entering into a grant agreement for a project under this subsection, the Secretary shall notify, in writing, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate of the proposed grant or expedited grant agreement, as well as the evaluations and ratings for the project.

(i) Programs of Interrelated Projects.—

(1) Future bundling.—

(A) Definition.—In this paragraph, the term "future bundling request" means a letter described in subparagraph (B) that requests future funding for additional projects.

(B) Request.—When an applicant submits a letter to the Secretary requesting entry of a project into the project development phase under subsection (d)(1)(A)(i)(I), (e)(1)(A)(i)(I), or (h)(2)(A)(i)(I), the applicant may include a description of other projects for consideration for future funding under this section. An applicant shall include in the request the amount of funding requested under this section for each additional project and the estimated capital cost of each project.

(C) Readiness.—Other projects included in the request shall be ready to enter the project development phase under subsection (d)(1)(A), (e)(1)(A), or (h)(2)(A), within 5 years of the initial project submitted as part of the request.

(D) Planning.—Projects in the future bundling request shall be included in the metropolitan transportation plan in accordance with section 5303(i).

(E) Project sponsor.—The applicant that submits a future bundling request shall be the project sponsor for each project included in the request.

(F) Program and project share.—A future bundling request submitted under this paragraph shall include a proposed share of each of the request's projects that is consistent with the requirements of subsections (k)(2)(C)(ii) or (h)(7), as applicable.

(G) Benefits.—The bundling of projects under this subsection—

(i) shall enhance, or increase the capacity of—

(I) the total transportation system of the applicant; or

(II) the transportation system of the region the applicant serves (which, in the case of a State whose request addresses a single region, means that region); and

(ii) shall—

(I) streamline procurements for the applicant; or

(II) enable time or cost savings for the projects.

(H) Evaluation.—Each project submitted for consideration for funding in a future bundling request shall be subject to the applicable evaluation criteria under this section for the project type, including demonstrating the availability of local resources to recapitalize, maintain, and operate the overall existing and proposed public transportation system pursuant to subsection (f)(1)(C).

(I) Letter of intent.—

(i) In general.—Upon entering into a grant agreement for the initial project for which an applicant submits a future bundling request, the Secretary may issue a letter of intent to the applicant that announces an intention to obligate, for 1 or more additional projects included in the request, an amount from future available budget authority specified in law that is not more than the amount stipulated as the financial participation of the Secretary in the additional project or projects in the future bundling. Such letter may include a condition that the project or projects must meet the evaluation criteria in this subsection before a grant agreement can be executed.

(ii) Amount.—The amount that the Secretary announces an intention to obligate for an additional project in the future bundling request through a letter of intent issued under clause (i) shall be sufficient to complete at least an operable segment of the project.

(iii) Treatment.—The issuance of a letter of intent under clause (i) shall not be deemed to be an obligation under sections 1108(c), 1501, and 1502(a) of title 31 or an administrative commitment.

(2) Immediate bundling.—

(A) Definition.—In this paragraph, the term "immediate bundling request" means a letter described in subparagraph (B) that requests immediate funding for multiple projects.

(B) Request.—An applicant may submit a letter to the Secretary requesting entry of multiple projects into the project development phase under subsection (d)(1)(A)(i)(I), (e)(1)(A)(i)(I), or (h)(2)(A)(i)(I), for consideration for funding under this section. An applicant shall include in the request the amount of funding requested under this section for each additional project and the estimated capital cost of each project.

(C) Readiness.—Projects included in the request must be ready to enter the project development phase under subsection (d)(1)(A), (e)(1)(A), or (h)(2)(A) at the same time.

(D) Planning.—Projects in the bundle shall be included in the metropolitan transportation plan in accordance with section 5303(i).

(E) Project sponsor.—The applicant that submits an immediate bundling request shall be the project sponsor for each project included in the request.

(F) Program and project share.—An immediate bundling request submitted under this subsection shall include a proposed share of each of the request's projects that is consistent with the requirements of subsections (k)(2)(C)(ii) or (h)(7), as applicable.

(G) Benefits.—The bundling of projects under this subsection—

(i) shall enhance, or increase the capacity of—

(I) the total transportation system of the applicant; or

(II) the transportation system of the region the applicant serves (which, in the case of a State whose request addresses a single region, means that region); and

(ii) shall—

(I) streamline procurements for the applicant; or

(II) enable time or cost savings for the projects.

(H) Evaluation.—A project submitted for consideration for immediate funding in an immediate bundling request shall be subject to the applicable evaluation criteria under this section for the project type, including demonstrating the availability of local resources to recapitalize, maintain, and operate the overall existing and proposed public transportation system pursuant to subsection (f)(1)(C).

(I) Letter of intent or single grant agreement.—

(i) In general.—Upon entering into a grant agreement for the initial project for which an applicant submits a request, the Secretary may issue a letter of intent or single, combined grant agreement to the applicant.

(ii) Letter of intent.—

(I) In general.—A letter of intent announces an intention to obligate, for 1 or more additional projects included in the request, an amount from future available budget authority specified in law that is not more than the amount stipulated as the financial participation of the Secretary in the additional project or projects. Such letter may include a condition that the project or projects must meet the evaluation criteria in this subsection before a grant agreement can be executed.

(II) Amount.—The amount that the Secretary announces an intention to obligate for an additional project in a letter of intent issued under clause (i) shall be sufficient to complete at least an operable segment of the project.

(III) Treatment.—The issuance of a letter of intent under clause (i) shall not be deemed to be an obligation under sections 1108(c), 1501, and 1502(a) of title 31 or an administrative commitment.

(3) Evaluation criteria.—When the Secretary issues rules or policy guidance under this section, the Secretary may request comment from the public regarding potential changes to the evaluation criteria for project justification and local financial commitment under subsections (d), (e), (f), and (h) for the purposes of streamlining the evaluation process for projects included in a future bundling request or an immediate bundling request, including changes to enable simultaneous evaluation of multiple projects under 1 or more evaluation criteria. Notwithstanding paragraphs (1)(H) and (2)(H), such criteria may be utilized for projects included in a future bundling request or an immediate bundling request under this subsection upon promulgation of the applicable rule or policy guidance.

(4) Grant agreements.—

(A) New start and core capacity improvement projects.—A new start project or core capacity improvement project in an immediate bundling request or future bundling request shall be carried out through a full funding grant agreement or expedited grant agreement pursuant to subsection (k)(2).

(B) Small start.—A small start project shall be carried out through a grant agreement pursuant to subsection (h)(7).

(C) Requirement.—A combined grant agreement described in paragraph (2)(I)(i) shall—

(i) include only projects in an immediate future bundling request that are ready to receive a grant agreement under this section,

(ii) be carried out through a full funding grant agreement or expedited grant agreement pursuant to subsection (k)(2) for the included projects, if a project seeking assistance under the combined grant agreement is a new start project or core capacity improvement project; and

(iii) be carried out through a grant agreement pursuant to subsection (h)(7) for the included projects, if the projects seeking assistance under the combined grant agreement consist entirely of small start projects.

(D) Savings provision.—The use of a combined grant agreement shall not waive or amend applicable evaluation criteria under this section for projects included in the combined grant agreement.

(j) Previously Issued Letter of Intent or Full Funding Grant Agreement.—Subsections (d) and (e) shall not apply to projects for which the Secretary has issued a letter of intent, approved entry into final design, entered into a full funding grant agreement, or entered into a project construction grant agreement before the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012.

(k) Letters of Intent, Full Funding Grant Agreements, and Early Systems Work Agreements.—

(1) Letters of intent.—

(A) Amounts intended to be obligated.—The Secretary may issue a letter of intent to an applicant announcing an intention to obligate, for a new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement project, an amount from future available budget authority specified in law that is not more than the amount stipulated as the financial participation of the Secretary in the project. When a letter is issued for a capital project under this section, the amount shall be sufficient to complete at least an operable segment.

(B) Treatment.—The issuance of a letter under subparagraph (A) is deemed not to be an obligation under sections 1108(c), 1501, and 1502(a) of title 31 or an administrative commitment.

(2) Full funding grant agreements.—

(A) In general.—A new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement project shall be carried out through a full funding grant agreement.

(B) Criteria.—The Secretary shall enter into a full funding grant agreement, based on the evaluations and ratings required under subsection (d), (e), or (i), as applicable, with each grantee receiving assistance for a new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement project that has been rated as high, medium-high, or medium, in accordance with subsection (g)(2)(A) or (i)(3)(B), as applicable.

(C) Terms.—A full funding grant agreement shall—

(i) establish the terms of participation by the Government in a new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement project;

(ii) establish the maximum amount of Federal financial assistance for the project;

(iii) include the period of time for completing the project, even if that period extends beyond the period of an authorization; and

(iv) make timely and efficient management of the project easier according to the law of the United States.

(D) Special financial rules.—

(i) In general.—A full funding grant agreement under this paragraph obligates an amount of available budget authority specified in law and may include a commitment, contingent on amounts to be specified in law in advance for commitments under this paragraph, to obligate an additional amount from future available budget authority specified in law.

(ii) Statement of contingent commitment.—The agreement shall state that the contingent commitment is not an obligation of the Government.

(iii) Interest and other financing costs.—Interest and other financing costs of efficiently carrying out a part of the project within a reasonable time are a cost of carrying out the project under a full funding grant agreement, except that eligible costs may not be more than the cost of the most favorable financing terms reasonably available for the project at the time of borrowing. The applicant shall certify, in a way satisfactory to the Secretary, that the applicant has shown reasonable diligence in seeking the most favorable financing terms.

(iv) Completion of operable segment.—The amount stipulated in an agreement under this paragraph for a new fixed guideway capital project shall be sufficient to complete at least an operable segment.

(E) Information collection and analysis plan.—

(i) Submission of plan.—Applicants seeking a full funding grant agreement under this paragraph shall submit a complete plan for the collection and analysis of information to identify the impacts of the new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement project and the accuracy of the forecasts prepared during the development of the project. Preparation of this plan shall be included in the full funding grant agreement as an eligible activity.

(ii) Contents of plan.—The plan submitted under clause (i) shall provide for—

(I) collection of data on the current public transportation system regarding public transportation service levels and ridership patterns, including origins and destinations, access modes, trip purposes, and rider characteristics;

(II) documentation of the predicted scope, service levels, capital costs, operating costs, and ridership of the project;

(III) collection of data on the public transportation system 2 years after the opening of a new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement project, including analogous information on public transportation service levels and ridership patterns and information on the as-built scope, capital, and financing costs of the project; and

(IV) analysis of the consistency of predicted project characteristics with actual outcomes.

(F) Collection of data on current system.—To be eligible for a full funding grant agreement under this paragraph, recipients shall have collected data on the current system, according to the plan required under subparagraph (E)(ii), before the beginning of construction of the proposed new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement project. Collection of this data shall be included in the full funding grant agreement as an eligible activity.

(3) Early systems work agreements.—

(A) Conditions.—The Secretary may enter into an early systems work agreement with an applicant if a record of decision under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) has been issued on the project and the Secretary finds there is reason to believe—

(i) a full funding grant agreement for the project will be made; and

(ii) the terms of the work agreement will promote ultimate completion of the project more rapidly and at less cost.

(B) Contents.—

(i) In general.—An early systems work agreement under this paragraph obligates budget authority available under this chapter and title 23 and shall provide for reimbursement of preliminary costs of carrying out the project, including land acquisition, timely procurement of system elements for which specifications are decided, and other activities the Secretary decides are appropriate to make efficient, long-term project management easier.

(ii) Contingent commitment.—An early systems work agreement may include a commitment, contingent on amounts to be specified in law in advance for commitments under this paragraph, to obligate an additional amount from future available budget authority specified in law.

(iii) Period covered.—An early systems work agreement under this paragraph shall cover the period of time the Secretary considers appropriate. The period may extend beyond the period of current authorization.

(iv) Interest and other financing costs.—Interest and other financing costs of efficiently carrying out the early systems work agreement within a reasonable time are a cost of carrying out the agreement, except that eligible costs may not be more than the cost of the most favorable financing terms reasonably available for the project at the time of borrowing. The applicant shall certify, in a way satisfactory to the Secretary, that the applicant has shown reasonable diligence in seeking the most favorable financing terms.

(v) Failure to carry out project.—If an applicant does not carry out the project for reasons within the control of the applicant, the applicant shall repay all Federal grant funds awarded for the project from all Federal funding sources, for all project activities, facilities, and equipment, plus reasonable interest and penalty charges allowable by law or established by the Secretary in the early systems work agreement.

(vi) Crediting of funds received.—Any funds received by the Government under this paragraph, other than interest and penalty charges, shall be credited to the appropriation account from which the funds were originally derived.

(4) Limitation on amounts.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary may enter into full funding grant agreements under this subsection for new fixed guideway capital projects and core capacity improvement projects that contain contingent commitments to incur obligations in such amounts as the Secretary determines are appropriate.

(B) Appropriation required.—An obligation may be made under this subsection only when amounts are appropriated for the obligation.

(5) Notification to congress.—Not later than 15 days before issuing a letter of intent, entering into a full funding grant agreement, or entering into an early systems work agreement under this section, the Secretary shall notify, in writing, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives of the proposed letter or agreement. The Secretary shall include with the notification a copy of the proposed letter or agreement as well as the evaluations and ratings for the project.

(l) Government Share of Net Capital Project Cost.—

(1) In general.—

(A) Estimation of net capital project cost.—Based on engineering studies, studies of economic feasibility, and information on the expected use of equipment or facilities, the Secretary shall estimate the net capital project cost.

(B) Grants.—

(i) Grant for new fixed guideway capital project.—A grant for a new fixed guideway capital project shall not exceed 80 percent of the net capital project cost.

(ii) Full funding grant agreement for new fixed guideway capital project.—A full funding grant agreement for a new fixed guideway capital project shall not include a share of more than 60 percent from the funds made available under this section.

(iii) Grant for core capacity improvement project.—A grant for a core capacity improvement project shall not exceed 80 percent of the net capital project cost of the incremental cost to increase the capacity in the corridor.

(iv) Grant for small start project.—A grant for a small start project shall not exceed 80 percent of the net capital project costs.

(2) Adjustment for completion under budget.—The Secretary may adjust the final net capital project cost of a new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement project evaluated under subsection (d), (e), or (i) to include the cost of eligible activities not included in the originally defined project if the Secretary determines that the originally defined project has been completed at a cost that is significantly below the original estimate.

(3) Maximum government share.—The Secretary may provide a higher grant percentage than requested by the grant recipient if—

(A) the Secretary determines that the net capital project cost of the project is not more than 10 percent higher than the net capital project cost estimated at the time the project was approved for advancement into the engineering phase; and

(B) the ridership estimated for the project is not less than 90 percent of the ridership estimated for the project at the time the project was approved for advancement into the engineering phase.

(4) Remaining costs.—The remainder of the net capital project costs shall be provided—

(A) in cash from non-Government sources;

(B) from revenues from the sale of advertising and concessions; or

(C) from an undistributed cash surplus, a replacement or depreciation cash fund or reserve, or new capital.

(5) Limitation on statutory construction.—Nothing in this section shall be construed as authorizing the Secretary to require a non-Federal financial commitment for a project that is more than 20 percent of the net capital project cost.

(6) Special rule for rolling stock costs.—In addition to amounts allowed pursuant to paragraph (1), a planned extension to a fixed guideway system may include the cost of rolling stock previously purchased if the applicant satisfies the Secretary that only amounts other than amounts provided by the Government were used and that the purchase was made for use on the extension. A refund or reduction of the remainder may be made only if a refund of a proportional amount of the grant of the Government is made at the same time.

(7) Limitation on applicability.—This subsection shall not apply to projects for which the Secretary entered into a full funding grant agreement before the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012.

(8) Special rule for fixed guideway bus rapid transit projects.—For up to three fixed-guideway bus rapid transit projects each fiscal year the Secretary shall—

(A) establish a Government share of at least 80 percent; and

(B) not lower the project's rating for degree of local financial commitment for purposes of subsections (d)(2)(A)(v) or (h)(3)(C) as a result of the Government share specified in this paragraph.

(m) Undertaking Projects in Advance.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary may pay the Government share of the net capital project cost to a State or local governmental authority that carries out any part of a project described in this section without the aid of amounts of the Government and according to all applicable procedures and requirements if—

(A) the State or local governmental authority applies for the payment;

(B) the Secretary approves the payment; and

(C) before the State or local governmental authority carries out the part of the project, the Secretary approves the plans and specifications for the part in the same way as other projects under this section.

(2) Financing costs.—

(A) In general.—The cost of carrying out part of a project includes the amount of interest earned and payable on bonds issued by the State or local governmental authority to the extent proceeds of the bonds are expended in carrying out the part.

(B) Limitation on amount of interest.—The amount of interest under this paragraph may not be more than the most favorable interest terms reasonably available for the project at the time of borrowing.

(C) Certification.—The applicant shall certify, in a manner satisfactory to the Secretary, that the applicant has shown reasonable diligence in seeking the most favorable financing terms.

(n) Availability of Amounts.—

(1) In general.—An amount made available or appropriated for a new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement project shall remain available to that project for 4 fiscal years, including the fiscal year in which the amount is made available or appropriated. Any amounts that are unobligated to the project at the end of the 4-fiscal-year period may be used by the Secretary for any purpose under this section.

(2) Use of deobligated amounts.—An amount available under this section that is deobligated may be used for any purpose under this section.

(o) Reports on New Fixed Guideway and Core Capacity Improvement Projects.—

(1) Annual report on funding recommendations.—Not later than the first Monday in February of each year, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives a report that includes—

(A) a proposal of allocations of amounts to be available to finance grants for projects under this section among applicants for these amounts;

(B) evaluations and ratings, as required under subsections (d), (e), and (i), for each such project that is in project development, engineering, or has received a full funding grant agreement; and

(C) recommendations of such projects for funding based on the evaluations and ratings and on existing commitments and anticipated funding levels for the next 3 fiscal years based on information currently available to the Secretary.

(2) Biennial gao review.—The Comptroller General of the United States shall—

(A) conduct a biennial review that—

(i) assesses—

(I) the processes and procedures for evaluating, rating, and recommending all new fixed guideway capital projects and core capacity improvement projects for grant agreements under this section and section 3005(b) of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015 (49 U.S.C. 5309 note; Public Law 114–94); and

(II) the Secretary's implementation of such processes and procedures;

(ii) includes, with respect to projects that entered into revenue service since the previous biennial review—

(I) a description and analysis of the impacts of the projects on public transportation services and public transportation ridership;

(II) a description and analysis of the consistency of predicted and actual benefits and costs of the innovative project development and delivery methods of, or innovative financing for, the projects; and

(III) an identification of the reasons for any differences between predicted and actual outcomes for the projects; and

(iii) in conducting the review under clause (ii), incorporates information from the plans submitted by applicants under subsection (k)(2)(E)(i); and

(B) report to Congress on the results of such review by May 31 of the applicable year.

(p) Special Rule.—For the purposes of calculating the cost effectiveness of a project described in subsection (d) or (e), the Secretary shall not reduce or eliminate the capital costs of art and non-functional landscaping elements from the annualized capital cost calculation.

(q) Joint Public Transportation and Intercity Passenger Rail Projects.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary may make grants for new fixed guideway capital projects and core capacity improvement projects that provide both public transportation and intercity passenger rail service.

(2) Eligible costs.—Eligible costs for a project under this subsection shall be limited to the net capital costs of the public transportation costs attributable to the project based on projected use of the new segment or expanded capacity of the project corridor, not including project elements designed to achieve or maintain a state of good repair, as determined by the Secretary under paragraph (4).

(3) Project justification and local financial commitment.—A project under this subsection shall be evaluated for project justification and local financial commitment under subsections (d), (e), (f), and (h), as applicable to the project, based on—

(A) the net capital costs of the public transportation costs attributable to the project as determined under paragraph (4); and

(B) the share of funds dedicated to the project from sources other than this section included in the unified finance plan for the project.

(4) Calculation of net capital project cost.—The Secretary shall estimate the net capital costs of a project under this subsection based on—

(A) engineering studies;

(B) studies of economic feasibility;

(C) the expected use of equipment or facilities; and

(D) the public transportation costs attributable to the project.

(5) Government share of net capital project cost.—

(A) Government share.—The Government share shall not exceed 80 percent of the net capital cost attributable to the public transportation costs of a project under this subsection as determined under paragraph (4).

(B) Non-government share.—The remainder of the net capital cost attributable to the public transportation costs of a project under this subsection shall be provided from an undistributed cash surplus, a replacement or depreciation cash fund or reserve, or new capital.

(r) Capital Investment Grant Dashboard.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary shall make publicly available in an easily identifiable location on the website of the Department of Transportation a dashboard containing the following information for each project seeking a grant agreement under this section:

(A) Project name.

(B) Project sponsor.

(C) City or urbanized area and State in which the project will be located.

(D) Project type.

(E) Project mode.

(F) Project length and number of stops, including length of exclusive bus rapid transit lanes, if applicable.

(G) Anticipated total project cost.

(H) Anticipated share of project costs to be sought under this section.

(I) Date of compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).

(J) Date on which the project entered the project development phase.

(K) Date on which the project entered the engineering phase, if applicable.

(L) Date on which a Letter of No Prejudice was requested, and date on which a Letter of No Prejudice was issued or denied, if applicable.

(M) Date of the applicant's most recent project ratings, including date of request for updated ratings, if applicable.

(N) Status of the project sponsor in securing non-Federal matching funds.

(O) Date on which a project grant agreement is anticipated to be executed.

(2) Updates.—The Secretary shall update the information provided under paragraph (1) not less frequently than monthly.

(3) Project profiles.—The Secretary shall continue to make profiles for projects that have applied for or are receiving assistance under this section publicly available in an easily identifiable location on the website of the Department of Transportation, in the same manner as the Secretary did as of the day before the date of enactment of this subsection.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 800; Pub. L. 104–287, §5(9), (12), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3389; Pub. L. 102–240, title III, §3049(a), as added Pub. L. 105–130, §8, Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2559; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3009(a), (c)–(h)(1), (3)(D), (i)–(k), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 352–357; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(g), (h)(3), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 855, 856; Pub. L. 106–69, title III, §347, Oct. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1024; Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title III, §380], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A-42; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. A, §1101], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-201; Pub. L. 108–88, §8(a), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1121; Pub. L. 108–202, §9(a), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 484; Pub. L. 108–224, §7(a), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 632; Pub. L. 108–263, §7(a), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 704; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 108–280, §7(a), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 882; Pub. L. 108–310, §8(a), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1154; Pub. L. 109–14, §7(a), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 330; Pub. L. 109–20, §7(a), July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 352; Pub. L. 109–35, §7(a), July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 386; Pub. L. 109–37, §7(a), July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 401; Pub. L. 109–40, §7(a), July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 417; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3011(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1573; Pub. L. 110–244, title II, §201(d), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1610; Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §433, Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 88; Pub. L. 111–322, title II, §2303, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3527; Pub. L. 112–5, title III, §303, Mar. 4, 2011, 125 Stat. 18; Pub. L. 112–30, title I, §133, Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 350; Pub. L. 112–102, title III, §303, Mar. 30, 2012, 126 Stat. 275; Pub. L. 112–140, title III, §303, June 29, 2012, 126 Stat. 396; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20008(a), div. G, title III, §113003, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 656, 984; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3005(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1450; Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30005(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 894.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5309(a) (1)–(5)	49 App.:1602(a)(1)(A).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §3(a)(1)(A), 78 Stat. 303; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20(a), 81 Stat. 25; Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91–453, §2(2), 84 Stat. 962; Nov. 26, 1974, Pub. L. 93–503, §§102, 104, 106, 88 Stat. 1566, 1571, 1572; Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §302(a), 92 Stat. 2735; Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §313, 96 Stat. 2152.
	49 App.:1602(a)(1)(B), (C), (D) (1st, 3d sentences).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §3(a)(1)(B)–(D), (2)(B), (3), 78 Stat. 303; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20(a), 81 Stat. 25; Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91–453, §2(2), 84 Stat. 962; Nov. 26, 1974, Pub. L. 93–503, §§102, 104, 106, 88 Stat. 1566, 1571, 1572; restated Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §302(a), 92 Stat. 2735, 2736.
5309(a)(6)	49 App.:1602(a)(1)(E).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §3(a)(1)(E), 78 Stat. 303; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20(a), 81 Stat. 25; Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91–453, §2(2), 84 Stat. 962; Nov. 26, 1974, Pub. L. 93–503, §§102, 104, 106, 88 Stat. 1566, 1571, 1572; Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §302(a), 92 Stat. 2736; restated Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3006(a), 105 Stat. 2089.
5309(a)(7)	49 App.:1602(a)(1)(F).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §3(a)(1)(F); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3006(b), 105 Stat. 2089.
5309(b)(1)	49 App.:1602(b) (1st sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §3(b), 78 Stat. 303; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20(a), 81 Stat. 25; restated Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91–453, §2(2), 84 Stat. 963; Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §302(b), 92 Stat. 2737.
5309(b)(2)	49 App.:1602(a)(2)(B).
5309(b)(3)	49 App.:1602(b) (8th, last sentences).
5309(b)(4), (5)	49 App.:1602(b) (2d–6th sentences).
5309(c)	49 App.:1602(a)(5).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §3(a)(5); added Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §304(b), 96 Stat. 2149.
5309(d)	49 App.:1602(a)(2)(A).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §3(a)(2)(A), 78 Stat. 303; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20(a), 81 Stat. 25; Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91–453, §2(2), 84 Stat. 962; Nov. 26, 1974, Pub. L. 93–503, §§102, 104, 106, 88 Stat. 1566, 1571, 1572; Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §302(a), 92 Stat. 2736; Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §304(a), 96 Stat. 2149; restated Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §309(e), 101 Stat. 227.
	49 App.:1602(a)(3).
5309(e)(1)	49 App.:1602 (note).	Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §303(b), 101 Stat. 223.
5309(e) (2)–(7)	49 App.:1602(i).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §3(i); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §303(a), 101 Stat. 223; restated Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3010, 105 Stat. 2093.
5309(f)(1)	49 App.:1602(a)(1)(D) (last sentence).
5309(f)(2)	49 App.:1602(a)(1)(D) (2d sentence).
5309(g)	49 App.:1602(a)(4).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §3(a)(4), 78 Stat. 303; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20(a), 81 Stat. 25; Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91–453, §2(2), 84 Stat. 962; Nov. 26, 1974, Pub. L. 93–503, §§102, 104, 106, 88 Stat. 1566, 1571, 1572; restated Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §302(a), 92 Stat. 2736; Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §305, 96 Stat. 2150; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §302, 101 Stat. 223; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3007, 105 Stat. 2090.
5309(h)	49 App.:1603(a).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §4(a), 78 Stat. 304; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20(a), 81 Stat. 25; Aug. 1, 1968, Pub. L. 90–448, §704(a), 82 Stat. 535; Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91–453, §3(a), 84 Stat. 965; Aug. 13, 1973, Pub. L. 93–87, §301(a), 87 Stat. 295; Nov. 26, 1974, Pub. L. 93–503, §103(b), 88 Stat. 1571; Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §303(b), 92 Stat. 2737; Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §302(b), 96 Stat. 2141; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3006(f), (g), 105 Stat. 2089.
5309(i)	49 App.:1602(c) (2d, last sentences).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §3(c), 78 Stat. 303; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20(a), 81 Stat. 25; restated Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91–453, §2(2), 84 Stat. 964.
5309(j)	49 App.:1602(b) (7th sentence).
5309(k)	49 App.:1602(c) (1st sentence).
5309(l)	49 App.:1603(d).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §4(d); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3006(h)(2), 105 Stat. 2090.
5309(m)(1)	49 App.:1602(k)(1).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §3(k)(1); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §305, 101 Stat. 224; restated Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3006(d)(1), 105 Stat. 2089.
5309(m)(2)	49 App.:1602(k)(3).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §3(k)(3); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3006(d)(2), 105 Stat. 2089.
5309(m)(3)	49 App.:1602(j).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §3(j); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §304, 101 Stat. 223.
5309(m)(4)	49 App.:1602(k)(2).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §3(k)(2); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §305, 101 Stat. 224.
5309(n)	49 App.:1602(l).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §3(l); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §306(a), 101 Stat. 224; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3006(e), 105 Stat. 2089.
5309(o)	49 App.:1602(n).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §3(n); added Oct. 6, 1992, Pub. L. 102–388, §502(d), 106 Stat. 1566.

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "in accordance with the provisions of this chapter" are omitted as surplus. The words "and on such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe" and 49 App.:1602(a)(1)(D) (3d sentence) are omitted as unnecessary because of section 5334(a) of the revised title and 49:322(a). The words "(directly, through the purchase of securities or equipment trust certificates, or otherwise)" and "and agencies thereof" are omitted as surplus. In clause (1), the word "detailed" is omitted as surplus. In clause (2), the words "capital projects" are substituted for "the acquisition, construction, reconstruction, and improvement of facilities and equipment for use, by operation or lease or otherwise, in mass transportation service" for clarity and consistency in this section. The words "Eligible facilities and equipment may include personal property such as buses and other rolling stock, and rail and bus facilities, and real" are omitted as surplus. The text of 49 App.:1602(a)(1)(B) (last sentence) is omitted as obsolete because former 49 App.:1604(a)(4) is executed and is not included in this restatement. In clause (3), the words "the capital costs of" are added for clarity and consistency in this section. The words "highway and" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(1), the word "finance" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(2), the words "for real property acquisition" are omitted as surplus. The words "for an approved project" are added for clarity and consistency. The words "which shall be in lieu of the determination required by subparagraph (A)", "real", and "connection with" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(3), the word "comprehensive" is omitted as surplus. The words "by the project" are added for clarity. The words "a period of" and "longer" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(4), the words "a period not exceeding" and "Each agreement shall provide that" are omitted as surplus. The words "shall be made within the 10-year period" are substituted for "shall not be later than 10 years following the fiscal year in which the agreement is made" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "if any, over the original cost of the real property" are omitted as surplus. The words "deposit in" are substituted for "credit to" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

In subsection (b)(5), the word "actual" is omitted as surplus. The words "deposited in" are substituted for "credited to" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the Code.

In subsection (c), before clause (1), the words "grant or loan" are substituted for "assistance" for consistency in the revised section. In clause (1), the words "rail carrier" are substituted for "railroad" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the Code.

In subsection (d), before clause (1), the words "Except as provided in subsections (b)(2) and (e) of this section" are added for clarity. In clause (1), the words "through operation or lease or otherwise" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (e)(2), before clause (A), the word "existing" is added for clarity and consistency.

In subsection (e)(6)(C), the words "Part A of title I of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (Public Law 102–240, 105 Stat. 1915)" are substituted for "the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1991" because the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1991 was title I of H.R. 1531, that was not enacted into law but contained predecessor provisions to Part A of title I of H.R. 2950, enacted into law as the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991.

In subsection (f)(1), the words "or entity" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (f)(2), before clause (A), the words "for a project under subsection (a)(5) of this section" are added for clarity. In clause (B), the words "whether publicly or privately owned" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (g)(1)(A), the words "The letter shall be regarded as an intention to obligate" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (g)(1)(D), the words "pursuant to such a letter of intent" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (g)(2)(A)(i), the words "and conditions" are omitted as being included in "terms".

In subsection (g)(4), the word "issued" is omitted as surplus. The text of 49 App.:1602(a)(4)(E) (3d sentence) is omitted as executed. The text of 49 App.:1602(a)(4)(E) (4th and last sentences) is omitted as obsolete.

In subsection (h), the words "nature and extent of" are omitted as surplus. The words "net project cost" are substituted for "what portion of the cost of a project to be assisted under section 1602 of this Appendix cannot be reasonably financed from revenues—which portion shall hereinafter be called 'net project cost' " because of the definition of "net project cost" in section 5302(a) of the revised title. The words "Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection" are added for clarity. The words "Such remainder may be provided in whole or in part from other than public sources and any public or private", "solely", and "at any time" are omitted as surplus. The words "shall be deemed" are omitted as unnecessary since the text is a statement of a legal conclusion.

In subsection (i), before clause (1), the words "Except for a loan under subsection (b) of this section" are added for clarity. The words "made under this section" and "at a rate" are omitted as surplus. In clause (1), the word "market" is omitted as surplus. In clause (2), the words "under the program" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (j), the words "loan and interest" are substituted for "principal and accrued interest on the loan then outstanding" to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (m)(1)(B) and (3), the word "existing" is added for clarity and consistency.

In subsection (m)(1), before clause (A), the words "Subject to paragraph (3)" are omitted as surplus. The reference to fiscal year 1992 is omitted as obsolete.

In subsection (m)(3), before clause (A), the words "Not later than 30 days after April 2, 1987" are omitted as executed. The words "prepare and" are omitted as surplus. The text of 49 App.:1602(j)(1) is omitted as obsolete because 49 App.:1602(k)(1) was restated by section 3006(d)(1) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (Public Law 102–240, 105 Stat. 2089) and clause (D) was not carried forward.

In subsection (m)(4), the text of 49 App.:1602(k)(2)(B) is omitted as expired.

In subsection (n)(2), the words "Subject to the provisions of this paragraph", "the Federal share of which the Secretary is authorized to pay under this subsection", and "actually" are omitted as surplus.

Pub. L. 104–287, §5(12)(A)

This amends 49:5309(a) to clarify the restatement of 49 App.:1602(a)(1) by section 1 of the Act of July 5, 1994 (Public Law 103–272, 108 Stat. 800).

Pub. L. 104–287, §5(12)(B)

This amends 49:5309(e)(4)(B) to correct an erroneous cross-reference.

Pub. L. 104–287, §5(12)(C)

This amends 49:5309(m)(1)(A) to make a conforming amendment.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsecs. (d)(1)(A)(i)(II), (B), (2)(A), (e)(1)(A)(i)(II), (B), (2)(A), (h)(2)(A)(i)(II), (B), (6)(B), (i)(2), (k)(3)(A), and (r)(1)(I), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

The date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, referred to in subsecs. (g)(5)(A), (6), (8), (j), and (l)(7) is deemed to be Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (r)(3), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 117–58, which was approved Nov. 15, 2021.

Codification

Pub. L. 111–322, §2303(4)–(7), which directed amendment of subpars. (B) to (E) of subsec. (m) of this section without specifying the paragraph to be amended, was executed to subpars. (B) to (E) of par. (7) of subsec. (m), to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See 2010 Amendment notes below.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a)(6), (7). Pub. L. 117–58, §30005(a)(1), struck out par. (6), which defined "program of interrelated projects", redesignated former par. (7) as (6), and in par. (6), substituted "$150,000,000" for "$100,000,000" in subpar. (A) and "$400,000,000" for "$300,000,000" in subpar. (B).

Subsec. (c)(1)(C). Pub. L. 117–58, §30005(a)(2), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (e)(2)(A)(iii)(II). Pub. L. 117–58, §30005(a)(3), substituted "the next 10 years, without regard to any temporary measures employed by the applicant expected to increase short-term capacity within the next 10 years" for "the next 5 years".

Subsec. (g)(3)(A). Pub. L. 117–58, §30005(a)(4)(A), substituted "exceed 50 percent" for "exceed—

"(i) $100,000,000; or

"(ii) 50 percent".

Subsec. (g)(7), (8). Pub. L. 117–58, §30005(a)(4)(B), (C), added par. (7) and redesignated former par. (7) as (8).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 117–58, §30005(a)(5), added pars. (1) to (4) and struck out former pars. (1) to (8), which related to programs of interrelated projects.

Subsec. (k)(2)(E). Pub. L. 117–58, §30005(a)(6)(A), substituted "Information collection and analysis plan" for "Before and after study" in heading, struck out cl. (i), which set out study requirements, redesignated cl. (ii) as (i) and substituted "Submission of plan" for "Information collection and analysis plan" in cl. heading, redesignated subcl. (II) of cl. (i) as cl. (ii), redesignated items (aa) to (dd) as subcls. (I) to (IV), respectively, substituted "clause (i)" for "subclause (I)" in introductory provisions of cl. (ii), and realigned margins.

Subsec. (k)(5). Pub. L. 117–58, §30005(a)(6)(B), substituted "Not later than 15" for "At least 30".

Subsec. (o)(2). Pub. L. 117–58, §30005(a)(7)(A), (B), redesignated par. (3) as (2) and struck out former par. (2). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Not later than the first Monday in August of each year, the Secretary shall submit to the committees described in paragraph (1) a report containing a summary of the results of any studies conducted under subsection (k)(2)(E)."

Subsec. (o)(2)(A). Pub. L. 117–58, §30005(a)(7)(C)(i)(I)–(III), substituted "that" for "of" in introductory provisions, inserted "(i) assesses—", redesignated former cls. (i) and (ii) as subcls. (I) and (II), respectively, and realigned margins.

Subsec. (o)(2)(A)(i)(I). Pub. L. 117–58, §30005(a)(7)(C)(i)(IV)(aa), substituted "all new fixed guideway capital projects and core capacity improvement projects for grant agreements under this section and section 3005(b) of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015 (49 U.S.C. 5309 note; Public Law 114–94)" for "new fixed guideway capital projects and core capacity improvement projects".

Subsec. (o)(2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 117–58, §30005(a)(7)(C)(i)(IV)(bb), (V), added cl. (ii).

Subsec. (o)(2)(B). Pub. L. 117–58, §30005(a)(7)(C)(ii), substituted "the applicable year" for "each year".

Subsec. (o)(3). Pub. L. 117–58, §30005(a)(7)(B), redesignated par. (3) as (2).

Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 117–58, §30005(a)(8), added subsec. (r).

2015—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 114–94, §3005(a)(1)(A), struck out "and weekend days" after "substantial part of weekdays".

Subsec. (a)(6)(A). Pub. L. 114–94, §3005(a)(1)(B)(i), inserted ", small start projects," after "new fixed guideway capital projects".

Subsec. (a)(6)(B). Pub. L. 114–94, §3005(a)(1)(B)(ii), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B), which read as follows: "1 or more new fixed guideway capital projects and 1 or more core capacity improvement projects."

Subsec. (a)(7)(A). Pub. L. 114–94, §3005(a)(1)(C)(i), substituted "$100,000,000" for "$75,000,000".

Subsec. (a)(7)(B). Pub. L. 114–94, §3005(a)(1)(C)(ii), substituted "$300,000,000" for "$250,000,000".

Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 114–94, §3005(a)(2)(A), struck out ", policies and land use patterns that promote public transportation," after "project justification".

Subsec. (d)(2)(A)(iii) to (v). Pub. L. 114–94, §3005(a)(2)(B), inserted "and" after semicolon in cl. (iii), redesignated cl. (v) as (iv), and struck out former cl. (iv), which read as follows: "is supported by policies and land use patterns that promote public transportation, including plans for future land use and rezoning, and economic development around public transportation stations; and".

Subsec. (g)(2)(A)(i). Pub. L. 114–94, §3005(a)(3), struck out "the policies and land use patterns that support public transportation," after "subsection (d)(2)(A)(iii),".

Subsec. (h)(6). Pub. L. 114–94, §3005(a)(4), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted heading, and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, §3005(a)(5)(A), substituted "subsection (d), (e), or (h)" for "subsection (d) or (e)".

Subsec. (i)(2). Pub. L. 114–94, §3005(a)(5)(B)(i), inserted "new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement" after "federally funded" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (i)(2)(D). Pub. L. 114–94, §3005(a)(5)(B)(ii), added subpar. (D) and struck out former subpar. (D), which read as follows: "the program of interrelated projects, when evaluated as a whole, meets the requirements of subsection (d)(2) or (e)(2), as applicable;".

Subsec. (i)(2)(F). Pub. L. 114–94, §3005(a)(5)(B)(iii), inserted "or subsection (h)(5), as applicable" after "subsection (f)".

Subsec. (i)(3)(A). Pub. L. 114–94, §3005(a)(5)(C), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "A project receiving a grant under this section that is part of a program of interrelated projects may not advance from the project development phase to the engineering phase, or from the engineering phase to the construction phase, unless the Secretary determines that the program of interrelated projects meets the applicable requirements of this section and there is a reasonable likelihood that the program will continue to meet such requirements."

Subsec. (l)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, §3005(a)(6)(A), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Based on engineering studies, studies of economic feasibility, and information on the expected use of equipment or facilities, the Secretary shall estimate the net capital project cost. A grant for a fixed guideway project or small start project shall not exceed 80 percent of the net capital project cost. A grant for a core capacity project shall not exceed 80 percent of the net capital project cost of the incremental cost of increasing the capacity in the corridor."

Subsec. (l)(4). Pub. L. 114–94, §3005(a)(6)(B), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The remainder of the net capital project cost shall be provided from an undistributed cash surplus, a replacement or depreciation cash fund or reserve, or new capital."

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 114–94, §3005(a)(7), added subsec. (n) and struck out former subsec. (n), which related to availability of amounts for a new fixed guideway capital project.

Subsecs. (p), (q). Pub. L. 114–94, §3005(a)(8), added subsecs. (p) and (q).

2012—Pub. L. 112–141, §20008(a), amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to capital investment grants and consisted of subsecs. (a) to (m).

Subsec. (m)(2). Pub. L. 112–141, §113003(1)(A), (B), substituted "Fiscal years 2006 through 2012" for "Fiscal years 2006 through 2011 and the period beginning on october 1, 2011, and ending on june 30, 2012" in heading and "2012" for "2011 and the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 303(1)(A), (B), temporarily substituted "ending on july 6, 2012" for "ending on june 30, 2012" in heading and "ending on July 6, 2012," for "ending on June 30, 2012," in introductory provisions. See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §303(1)(A), (B), substituted "Fiscal years 2006 through 2011 and the period beginning on october 1, 2011, and ending on june 30, 2012" for "Fiscal years 2006 through 2011 and the period beginning on october 1, 2011, and ending on march 31, 2012" in heading and "2011 and the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "2011 and the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (m)(2)(A)(i). Pub. L. 112–141, §113003(1)(C), substituted "2012" for "2011 and $150,000,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 303(1)(C), temporarily substituted "2011 and $152,000,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "2011 and $150,000,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §303(1)(C), substituted "2011 and $150,000,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "2011 and $100,000,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (m)(6)(B). Pub. L. 112–141, §113003(2)(A), substituted "2012" for "2011 and $11,250,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 303(2)(A), temporarily substituted "2011 and $11,400,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "2011 and $11,250,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §303(2)(A), substituted "2011 and $11,250,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "2011 and $7,500,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (m)(6)(C). Pub. L. 112–141, §113003(2)(B), substituted "through 2012" for "though 2011 and $3,750,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 303(2)(B), temporarily substituted "through 2011 and $3,800,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "though 2011 and $3,750,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §303(2)(B), substituted "2011 and $3,750,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "2011 and $2,500,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (m)(7)(A). Pub. L. 112–141, §113003(3)(A)(i), in introductory provisions, substituted "2012" for "2011 and $7,500,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," and inserted "each fiscal year" before colon at end.

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 303(3)(A)(i), temporarily substituted "2011 and $7,600,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "2011 and $7,500,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," and "shall be set aside:" for "shall be set aside for:" in introductory provisions. See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §303(3)(A)(i), substituted "2011 and $7,500,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "2011 and $5,000,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (m)(7)(A)(i), (ii). Pub. L. 112–141, §113003(3)(A)(ii), (iii), struck out "for each fiscal year and $1,875,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," after "$2,500,000".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 303(3)(a)(ii), (iii), temporarily substituted "$1,900,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "$1,875,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §303(3)(A)(ii), (iii), substituted "for each fiscal year and $1,875,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "for each fiscal year and $1,250,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (m)(7)(A)(iii) to (vi). Pub. L. 112–141, §113003(3)(A)(iv)–(vii), struck out "for each fiscal year and $750,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," after "$1,000,000".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 303(3)(A)(iv)–(vii), temporarily substituted "$760,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "$750,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §303(3)(A)(iv)–(vii), substituted "for each fiscal year and $750,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "for each fiscal year and $500,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (m)(7)(A)(vii). Pub. L. 112–141, §113003(3)(A)(viii), struck out "for each fiscal year and $487,500 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," after "$650,000".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 303(3)(A)(viii), temporarily substituted "$494,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "$487,500 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §303(3)(A)(viii), substituted "for each fiscal year and $487,500 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "for each fiscal year and $325,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (m)(7)(A)(viii). Pub. L. 112–141, §113003(3)(A)(ix), struck out "for each fiscal year and $262,500 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," after "$350,000".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 303(3)(A)(ix), temporarily substituted "$266,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "$262,500 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §303(3)(A)(ix), substituted "for each fiscal year and $262,500 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "for each fiscal year and $175,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (m)(7)(B)(vii). Pub. L. 112–141, §113003(3)(B), added cl. (vii) and struck out former cl. (vii) which read as follows: "$10,125,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012."

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 303(3)(B), temporarily added cl. (vii), which set aside $10,260,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012, and temporarily struck out former cl. (vii) which read as follows: "$10,125,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012." See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §303(3)(B), added cl. (vii) and struck out former cl. (vii) which read as follows: "$6,750,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012."

Subsec. (m)(7)(C). Pub. L. 112–141, §113003(3)(C), struck out "and during the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," after "each fiscal year".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 303(3)(C), temporarily substituted "ending on July 6, 2012," for "ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §303(3)(C), substituted "and during the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "and during the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (m)(7)(D). Pub. L. 112–141, §113003(3)(D), struck out "and not less than $26,250,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," after "each fiscal year".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 303(3)(D), temporarily substituted "and not less than $26,600,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "and not less than $26,250,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §303(3)(D), substituted "and not less than $26,250,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "and not less than $17,500,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (m)(7)(E). Pub. L. 112–141, §113003(3)(E), struck out "and $2,250,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," after "each fiscal year".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 303(3)(E), temporarily substituted "and $2,280,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "and $2,250,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §303(3)(E), substituted "and $2,250,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "and $1,500,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

2011—Subsec. (m)(2). Pub. L. 112–30, §133(1)(A), (B), substituted "Fiscal years 2006 through 2011 and the period beginning on october 1, 2011, and ending on march 31, 2012" for "Fiscal years 2006 through 2011" in heading and "2011 and the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "2011" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 112–5, §303(1)(A), (B), substituted "Fiscal years 2006 through 2011" for "Fiscal years 2006 through 2010 and october 1, 2010, through march 4, 2011" in heading and "2011" for "2010, and during the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending March 4, 2011," in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (m)(2)(A)(i). Pub. L. 112–30, §133(1)(C), substituted "2011 and $100,000,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "2011".

Pub. L. 112–5, §303(1)(C), substituted "2011" for "2010, and $84,931,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011,".

Subsec. (m)(6)(B). Pub. L. 112–30, §133(2)(A), substituted "2011 and $7,500,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "2011".

Pub. L. 112–5, §303(2)(A), substituted "2011" for "2010, and $6,369,000 shall be available for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011,".

Subsec. (m)(6)(C). Pub. L. 112–30, §133(2)(B), substituted "2011 and $2,500,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "2011".

Pub. L. 112–5, §303(2)(B), substituted "2011" for "2010, and $2,123,000 shall be available for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011,".

Subsec. (m)(7)(A). Pub. L. 112–30, §133(3)(A)(i), substituted "2011 and $5,000,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "2011" and struck out "each fiscal year" before colon.

Pub. L. 112–5, §303(3)(A)(i)–(iii), struck out cl. (i) designation and heading, substituted "$10,000,000 shall be available in each of fiscal years 2006 through 2011" for "$10,000,000 shall be available in each of fiscal years 2006 through 2010" in introductory provisions, redesignated subcls. (I) to (VIII) of former cl. (i) as cls. (i) to (viii), respectively, struck out former cl. (ii) which provided a special rule for Oct. 1, 2010, through Mar. 4, 2011, and realigned margins.

Subsec. (m)(7)(A)(i), (ii). Pub. L. 112–30, §133(3)(A)(ii), (iii), substituted "$2,500,000 for each fiscal year and $1,250,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "$2,500,000".

Subsec. (m)(7)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 112–30, §133(3)(A)(iv), substituted "$1,000,000 for each fiscal year and $500,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "$1,000,000".

Subsec. (m)(7)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 112–30, §133(3)(A)(v), substituted "$1,000,000 for each fiscal year and $500,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "$1,000,000".

Pub. L. 112–5, §303(3)(A)(iv), inserted a period at the end.

Subsec. (m)(7)(A)(v), (vi). Pub. L. 112–30, §133(3)(A)(vi), (vii), substituted "$1,000,000 for each fiscal year and $500,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "$1,000,000".

Subsec. (m)(7)(A)(vii). Pub. L. 112–30, §133(3)(A)(viii), substituted "$650,000 for each fiscal year and $325,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "$650,000".

Subsec. (m)(7)(A)(viii). Pub. L. 112–30, §133(3)(A)(ix), substituted "$350,000 for each fiscal year and $175,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "$350,000".

Subsec. (m)(7)(B). Pub. L. 112–5, §303(3)(B)(i), struck out "$5,732,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" after cl. (v).

Subsec. (m)(7)(B)(vi). Pub. L. 112–5, §303(3)(B)(ii), added cl. (vi).

Subsec. (m)(7)(B)(vii). Pub. L. 112–30, §133(3)(B), added cl. (vii).

Subsec. (m)(7)(C). Pub. L. 112–30, §133(3)(C), substituted "fiscal year and during the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "fiscal year".

Pub. L. 112–5, §303(3)(C), struck out ", and during the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending March 4, 2011," after "year".

Subsec. (m)(7)(D). Pub. L. 112–30, §133(3)(D), substituted "fiscal year and not less than $17,500,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "fiscal year".

Pub. L. 112–5, §303(3)(D), struck out ", and not less than $14,863,000 shall be available for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011," after "year".

Subsec. (m)(7)(E). Pub. L. 112–30, §133(3)(E), substituted "fiscal year and $1,500,000 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "fiscal year".

Pub. L. 112–5, §303(3)(E), struck out ", and $1,273,000 shall be available for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011," after "year".

2010—Subsec. (m)(2). Pub. L. 111–322, §2303(1)(A), (B), substituted "march 4, 2011" for "december 31, 2010" in heading and "March 4, 2011" for "December 31, 2010" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 111–147, §433(1)(A), (B), substituted "2010 and october 1, 2010, through december 31, 2010" for "2009" in heading and "2010, and during the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010," for "2009" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (m)(2)(A)(i). Pub. L. 111–322, §2303(1)(C), substituted "$84,931,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" for "$50,000,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010".

Pub. L. 111–147, §433(1)(C), substituted "2010, and $50,000,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010," for "2009".

Subsec. (m)(6)(B). Pub. L. 111–322, §2303(2)(A), which directed substitution of "$6,369,000 shall be available for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" for "$3,750,000 shall be available for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010", was executed by making the substitution for "$3,750,000 shall be available for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 111–147, §433(2)(A), substituted "2010, and $3,750,000 shall be available for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010," for "2009".

Subsec. (m)(6)(C). Pub. L. 111–322, §2303(2)(B), substituted "$2,123,000 shall be available for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" for "$1,250,000 shall be available for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010".

Pub. L. 111–147, §433(2)(B), substituted "2010, and $1,250,000 shall be available for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010," for "2009".

Subsec. (m)(7)(A). Pub. L. 111–147, §433(3)(A), inserted cl. (i) designation and heading, substituted "$10,000,000 shall be available in each of fiscal years 2006 through 2010" for "$10,000,000 shall be available in each of fiscal years 2006 through 2009" in introductory provisions, redesignated former cls. (i) to (viii) as subcls. (I) to (VIII), respectively, of cl. (i), and added cl. (ii).

Subsec. (m)(7)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 111–322, §2303(3)(A)(iii), substituted "155/365ths" for "25 percent".

Pub. L. 111–322, §2303(3)(A)(ii), which directed substitution of "$4,246,000 shall be available for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" for "$2,500,000 shall be available for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010", was executed by making the substitution for "$2,500,000 shall be available in the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 111–322, §2303(3)(A)(i), substituted "march 4, 2011" for "december 31, 2010" in heading.

Subsec. (m)(7)(B). Pub. L. 111–322, §2303(4), which directed general amendment of cl. (vi), was executed by substituting "$5,732,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" for "(vi) $3,375,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010." See Codification note above.

Subsec. (m)(7)(B)(v). Pub. L. 111–147, §433(3)(B), added cl. (v).

Subsec. (m)(7)(B)(vi). Pub. L. 111–147, §433(3)(B), added cl. (vi).

Subsec. (m)(7)(C). Pub. L. 111–322, §2303(5), substituted "March 4, 2011" for "December 31, 2010". See Codification note above.

Pub. L. 111–147, §433(3)(C), inserted ", and during the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010," after "fiscal year".

Subsec. (m)(7)(D). Pub. L. 111–322, §2303(6), substituted "$14,863,000 shall be available for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" for "$8,750,000 shall be available for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010". See Codification note above.

Pub. L. 111–147, §433(3)(D), inserted ", and not less than $8,750,000 shall be available for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010," after "year".

Subsec. (m)(7)(E). Pub. L. 111–322, §2303(7), substituted "$1,273,000 shall be available for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" for "$750,000 shall be available for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010". See Codification note above.

Pub. L. 111–147, §433(3)(E), inserted ", and $750,000 shall be available for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010," after "year".

2008—Subsec. (d)(5)(B). Pub. L. 110–244, §201(d)(1), substituted "this subsection and shall give comparable, but not necessarily equal, numerical weight to each project justification criteria in calculating the overall project rating." for "regulation."

Subsec. (e)(6)(B). Pub. L. 110–244, §201(d)(2), substituted "subsection and shall give comparable, but not necessarily equal, numerical weight to each project justification criteria in calculating the overall project rating." for "subsection."

Subsec. (m)(2)(A). Pub. L. 110–244, §201(d)(3), substituted "Capital" for "Major capital" in heading.

Subsec. (m)(7)(B). Pub. L. 110–244, §201(d)(4), substituted "section 3045" for "section 3039" in introductory provisions.

2005—Pub. L. 109–59 amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, text consisted of subsecs. (a) to (p) providing for grants and loans to assist State and local governmental authorities in financing capital projects related to fixed guideway systems, capital projects needed for an efficient and coordinated mass transportation system, the capital costs of coordinating mass transportation with other transportation, the introduction of new technology, and mass transportation projects to meet the special needs of elderly individuals and individuals with disabilities.

Subsec. (m)(1). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(a)(1), substituted "July 30, 2005" for "July 27, 2005" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(a)(1), substituted "July 27, 2005" for "July 21, 2005" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(a)(1), substituted "July 21, 2005" for "July 19, 2005" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(a)(1), substituted "July 19, 2005" for "June 30, 2005" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(a)(1), substituted "June 30, 2005" for "May 31, 2005" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (m)(2)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(a)(2), substituted "july 30, 2005" for "july 27, 2005" in heading and "July 30, 2005" for "July 27, 2005" and "$8,550,000" for "$8,547,000" in text.

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(a)(2), substituted "july 27, 2005" for "july 21, 2005" in heading and "July 27, 2005" for "July 21, 2005" and "$8,547,000" for "$8,424,000" in text.

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(a)(2), substituted "july 21, 2005" for "july 19, 2005" in heading and "July 21, 2005" for "July 19, 2005" and "$8,424,000" for "$8,320,000" in text.

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(a)(2), substituted "july 19, 2005" for "june 30, 2005" in heading and "July 19, 2005" for "June 30, 2005" and "$8,320,000" for "$7,800,000" in text.

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(a)(2), substituted "june 30, 2005" for "may 31, 2005" in heading and "June 30, 2005" for "May 31, 2005" and "$7,800,000" for "$6,933,333" in text.

Subsec. (m)(3)(B). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(a)(3), substituted "$2,470,000" for "$2,465,754" and "July 30, 2005" for "July 27, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(a)(3), substituted "$2,465,754" for "$2,430,000" and "July 27, 2005" for "July 21, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(a)(3), substituted "$2,430,000" for "$2,400,000" and "July 21, 2005" for "July 19, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(a)(3), substituted "$2,400,000" for "$2,250,000" and "July 19, 2005" for "June 30, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(a)(3), substituted "$2,250,000" for "$2,000,000" and "June 30, 2005" for "May 31, 2005".

Subsec. (m)(3)(C). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(a)(4), substituted "$41,506,850" for "$41,095,900" and "July 30, 2005" for "July 27, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(a)(4), substituted "$41,095,900" for "$40,500,000" and "July 27, 2005" for "July 21, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(a)(4), substituted "$40,500,000" for "$40,000,000" and "July 21, 2005" for "July 19, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(a)(4), substituted "$40,000,000" for "$37,500,000" and "July 19, 2005" for "June 30, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(a)(4), substituted "$37,500,000" for "$33,333,333" and "June 30, 2005" for "May 31, 2005".

2004—Subsec. (m)(1). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(a)(1), inserted "and for the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005" after "2004" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 108–280, §7(a)(1)(A), struck out "2003 and for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31," before "2004" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(a)(1)(A), substituted "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(a)(1)(A), substituted "June 30, 2004" for "April 30, 2004" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(a)(1)(A), substituted "April 30, 2004" for "February 29, 2004" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (m)(1)(A). Pub. L. 108–280, §7(a)(1)(B), substituted ", except for fiscal year 2004 during which $1,206,506,000 will be available" for ", except for the period beginning on October 1, 2003, and ending on July 31, 2004, during which $999,489,679 will be available".

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(a)(1)(A), (B), substituted "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004" and "$999,489,679" for "$899,540,711".

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(a)(1)(B), substituted "June 30, 2004, during which $899,540,711 will be available" for "April 30, 2004, during which $699,642,775 will be available".

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(a)(1)(B), inserted ", except for the period beginning on October 1, 2003, and ending on April 30, 2004, during which $699,642,775 will be available" after "modernization".

Subsec. (m)(1)(B). Pub. L. 108–280, §7(a)(1)(C), substituted ", except for fiscal year 2004 during which $1,323,794,000 will be available" for ", except for the period beginning on October 1, 2003, and ending on July 31, 2004, during which $1,096,653,013 will be available".

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(a)(1)(A), (C), substituted "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004" and "$1,096,653,013" for "$986,987,712".

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(a)(1)(C), substituted "June 30, 2004, during which $986,987,712 will be available" for "April 30, 2004, during which $767,657,109 will be available".

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(a)(1)(C), inserted ", except for the period beginning on October 1, 2003, and ending on April 30, 2004, during which $767,657,109 will be available" before the semicolon.

Subsec. (m)(1)(C). Pub. L. 108–280, §7(a)(1)(D), substituted ", except for fiscal year 2004 during which $607,200,000 will be available" for ", except for the period beginning on October 1, 2003, and ending on July 31, 2004, during which $503,014,600 will be available".

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(a)(1)(A), (D), substituted "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004" and "$503,014,600" for "$452,713,140".

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(a)(1)(D), which directed the amendment of subpar. (C) without providing closing quotation marks designating the provisions to be inserted, was executed by substituting "2003, and ending on June 30, 2004, during which $452,713,140 will be available" for "2003 and ending on April 30, 2004, during which $352,110,220 will be available", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(a)(1)(D), inserted ", except for the period beginning on October 1, 2003 and ending on April 30, 2004, during which $352,110,220 will be available" after "facilities".

Subsec. (m)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 108–280, §7(a)(2)(A), substituted "2004" for "2003".

Subsec. (m)(2)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(a)(2), added cl. (iii).

Pub. L. 108–280, §7(a)(2)(B), struck out heading and text of cl. (iii). Text read as follows: "Of the amounts made available under paragraph (1)(B), $8,615,533 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2003, and ending on July 31, 2004, for capital projects described in clause (i)."

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(a)(2), inserted cl. (iii) and struck out heading and text of former cl. (iii). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Of the amounts made available under paragraph (1)(B), $7,753,980 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2003, and ending on June 30, 2004, for capital projects described in clause (i)."

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(a)(2), amended heading and text of cl. (iii) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Of the amounts made available under paragraph (1)(B), $6,066,667 shall be available for the period beginning on October 1, 2003, and ending on April 30, 2004, for capital projects described in clause (i)."

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(a)(2), amended heading and text of cl. (iii) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Of the amounts made available under paragraph (1)(B), $4,333,333 shall be available for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004, for capital projects described in clause (i)."

Subsec. (m)(3)(B). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(a)(3), inserted "(and $2,000,000 shall be available for the period October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005)" after "2004".

Pub. L. 108–280, §7(a)(3), substituted "2004" for "2003 (and $2,485,250 shall be available for the period October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004)".

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(a)(3), substituted "$2,485,250" for "$2,236,725" and "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(a)(3), substituted "$2,236,725" for "$1,750,000" and "June 30, 2004" for "April 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(a)(3), substituted "$1,750,000" for "$1,250,000" and "April 30, 2004" for "February 29, 2004".

Subsec. (m)(3)(C). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(a)(4), inserted ", and $33,333,333 shall be available for the period October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005," after "2004)".

Pub. L. 108–280, §7(a)(4), substituted "1999 through 2004" for "1999 through 2003", "$50,000,000" for "$41,420,833", and "fiscal year 2004" for "the period October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(a)(4), substituted "$41,420,833" for "$37,278,750" and "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(a)(4), substituted "$37,278,750" for "$28,994,583" and "June 30, 2004" for "April 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(a)(4), substituted "$28,994,583 shall be transferred to and administered under section 5309 for buses and bus facilities" for "$20,833,334 shall be available" and "April 30, 2004" for "February 29, 2004".

Subsec. (o)(3). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office" in introductory provisions.

2003—Subsec. (m)(1). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(a)(1), inserted "and for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004" after "2003".

Subsec. (m)(2)(B). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(a)(2), added cl. (iii).

Subsec. (m)(3)(B). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(a)(3), inserted "(and $1,250,000 shall be available for the period October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004)" after "2003".

Subsec. (m)(3)(C). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(a)(4), inserted "(and $20,833,334 shall be available for the period October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004)" after "2003".

2000—Subsec. (g)(4). Pub. L. 106–346 designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpars. (B) to (G).

Subsec. (g)(4)(D)(2). Pub. L. 106–554 struck out "light" before "rail extension".

1999—Subsec. (g)(1)(B). Pub. L. 106–69 inserted "and the House and Senate Committees on Appropriations" after "Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate".

1998—Pub. L. 105–178, §3009(a), substituted "Capital investment" for "Discretionary" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a)(1)(E) to (H). Pub. L. 105–178, §3009(c), added subpars. (E) and (F), redesignated former subpars. (F) and (G) as (G) and (H), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (E) which read as follows: "transportation projects that enhance urban economic development or incorporate private investment, including commercial and residential development, because the projects—

"(i) enhance the effectiveness of a mass transportation project and are related physically or functionally to that mass transportation project; or

"(ii) establish new or enhanced coordination between mass transportation and other transportation;".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §3009(d), amended subsec. (c) generally, substituting "[Reserved.]" for former heading and text which read as follows:

"(c) Consideration of Decreased Commuter Rail Transportation.—The Secretary of Transportation shall consider the adverse effect of decreased commuter rail transportation when deciding whether to approve a grant or loan under this section to acquire a rail line and all related facilities—

"(1) owned by a rail carrier subject to reorganization under title 11; and

"(2) used to provide commuter rail transportation."

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–178, §3009(k)(1), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(g), in par. (3)(C), substituted "suburban sprawl" for "urban sprawl", and in par. (6), substituted "or 'not recommended', based" for "or not 'recommended', based" in second sentence and inserted "of the" before "criteria established" in last sentence.

Pub. L. 105–178, §3009(e), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (e) related to, in par. (1), applicability of subsection to projects, in par. (2), approval of grants or loans for capital projects, in par. (3), criteria for making approval decisions, in par. (4), issuance of guidelines on evaluation of alternatives, project justification, and degree of local financial commitment, in par. (5), advancement of project from alternatives analysis to preliminary engineering, in par. (6), exemptions from requirements of subsection, and in par. (7), requirement of full financing agreement.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–178, §3009(h)(1), amended subsec. (f) generally, substituting "[Reserved.]" for former heading and text which read as follows:

"(f) Required Payments and Eligible Costs of Projects That Enhance Urban Economic Development or Incorporate Private Investment.—(1) Each grant or loan under subsection (a)(5) of this section shall require that a person making an agreement to occupy space in a facility pay a reasonable share of the costs of the facility through rental payments and other means.

"(2) Eligible costs for a project under subsection (a)(5) of this section—

"(A) include property acquisition, demolition of existing structures, site preparation, utilities, building foundations, walkways, open space, and a capital project for, and improving, equipment or a facility for an intermodal transfer facility or transportation mall; but

"(B) do not include construction of a commercial revenue-producing facility or a part of a public facility not related to mass transportation."

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–178, §3009(f)(1), substituted "Funding" for "Financing" in heading.

Subsec. (g)(1)(B). Pub. L. 105–178, §3009(f)(3), substituted "At least 60 days" for "At least 30 days" and "letter or agreement. The Secretary shall include with the notification a copy of the proposed letter or agreement as well as the evaluations and ratings for the project" for "issuance of the letter" and inserted "or entering into a full funding grant agreement" after "subparagraph (A) of this paragraph".

Subsec. (g)(2)(A), (B), (3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 105–178, §3009(f)(2), substituted "full funding" for "full financing".

Subsec. (g)(4). Pub. L. 105–178, §3009(k)(2), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(g), substituted "5338(b) of this title for new fixed guideway systems and extensions to existing fixed guideway systems and the amount appropriated under section 5338(h)(5) or an amount equivalent to the last 2 fiscal years of funding authorized under section 5338(b) for new fixed guideway systems and extensions to existing fixed guideway systems" for "5338(a) of this title to carry out this section or an amount equivalent to the total authorizations under section 5338(b) for new fixed guideway systems and extensions to existing fixed guideway systems for fiscal years 2002 and 2003".

Pub. L. 105–178, §3009(f)(2), (4), substituted "full funding" for "full financing" before "grant agreements" in two places and "an amount equivalent to the total authorizations under section 5338(b) for new fixed guideway systems and extensions to existing fixed guideway systems for fiscal years 2002 and 2003" for "50 percent of the uncommitted cash balance remaining in the Mass Transit Account of the Highway Trust Fund (including amounts received from taxes and interest earned that are more than amounts previously obligated)".

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 105–178, §3009(k)(3), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(g), substituted "5338(b)" for "5338" in introductory provisions of par. (1), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) relating to limitation on amounts available for activities other than final design and construction, redesignated par. (4) as (3)(C), added pars. (3)(D) and (4), and struck out par. (5) relating to funding for ferry boat systems.

Pub. L. 105–178, §3009(g), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (m) generally, substituting provisions allocating amounts for fiscal years 1998 to 2003 for provisions allocating amounts for each fiscal year ending Sept. 30 from 1993 to 1997 and for period of Oct. 1, 1997 to Mar. 31, 1998.

Subsec. (n)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §3009(h)(3)(D), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9009(h)(3), substituted "in a manner satisfactory" for "in a way satisfactory".

Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 105–178, §3009(i), added subsec. (o) relating to reports.

Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 105–178, §3009(j), added subsec. (p).

1997—Subsec. (m)(1). Pub. L. 102–240, §3049(a), as added by Pub. L. 105–130, inserted ", and for the period of October 1, 1997, through March 31, 1998" after "1997".

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–287, §5(12)(A), designated existing provisions as par. (1), redesignated former pars. (1) to (7) as subpars. (A) to (G) of par. (1), respectively, and former subpars. (A) and (B) of par. (5) as subcls. (i) and (ii) of subpar. (E), respectively, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (e)(4)(B). Pub. L. 104–287, §5(12)(B), substituted "paragraph (2)" for "paragraph (1)(B)".

Subsec. (g)(1)(B). Pub. L. 104–287, §5(9), substituted "Transportation and Infrastructure" for "Public Works and Transportation".

Subsec. (m)(1)(A). Pub. L. 104–287, §5(12)(C), inserted "rail" before "fixed guideway modernization".

Subsec. (m)(3). Pub. L. 104–287, §5(9), substituted "Transportation and Infrastructure" for "Public Works and Transportation".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by section 20008(a) of Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Amendment by section 113003 of Pub. L. 112–141 effective July 1, 2012, see section 114001 of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as a note under section 5305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–140 to cease to be effective on July 6, 2012, with text as amended by Pub. L. 112–140 to revert back to read as it did on the day before June 29, 2012, and amendments by Pub. L. 112–141 to be executed as if Pub. L. 112–140 had not been enacted, see section 1(c) of Pub. L. 112–140, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by section 5(12) of Pub. L. 104–287 effective July 5, 1994, see section 8(1) of Pub. L. 104–287, set out as a note under section 5303 of this title.

Expedited Project Delivery for Capital Investment Grants Pilot Program

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3005(b), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1454, as amended by Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30005(b), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 900, provided that:

"(1) Definitions.—In this subsection, the following definitions shall apply:

"(A) Applicant.—The term 'applicant' means a State or local governmental authority that applies for a grant under this subsection.

"(B) Capital project; fixed guideway; local governmental authority; public transportation; state; state of good repair.—The terms 'capital project', 'fixed guideway', 'local governmental authority', 'public transportation', 'State', and 'state of good repair' have the meanings given those terms in section 5302 of title 49, United States Code.

"(C) Core capacity improvement project.—The term 'core capacity improvement project'—

"(i) means a substantial corridor-based capital investment in an existing fixed guideway system that increases the capacity of a corridor by not less than 10 percent; and

"(ii) may include project elements designed to aid the existing fixed guideway system in making substantial progress towards achieving a state of good repair.

"(D) Corridor-based bus rapid transit project.—The term 'corridor-based bus rapid transit project' means a small start project utilizing buses in which the project represents a substantial investment in a defined corridor as demonstrated by features that emulate the services provided by rail fixed guideway public transportation systems—

"(i) including—

"(I) defined stations;

"(II) traffic signal priority for public transportation vehicles;

"(III) short headway bidirectional services for a substantial part of weekdays; and

"(IV) any other features the Secretary may determine support a long-term corridor investment; and

"(ii) the majority of which does not operate in a separated right-of-way dedicated for public transportation use during peak periods.

"(E) Eligible project.—The term 'eligible project' means a new fixed guideway capital project, a small start project, or a core capacity improvement project that has not entered into a full funding grant agreement with the Federal Transit Administration before the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 2015].

"(F) Fixed guideway bus rapid transit project.—The term 'fixed guideway bus rapid transit project' means a bus capital project—

"(i) in which the majority of the project operates in a separated right-of-way dedicated for public transportation use during peak periods;

"(ii) that represents a substantial investment in a single route in a defined corridor or subarea; and

"(iii) that includes features that emulate the services provided by rail fixed guideway public transportation systems, including—

"(I) defined stations;

"(II) traffic signal priority for public transportation vehicles;

"(III) short headway bidirectional services for a substantial part of weekdays and weekend days; and

"(IV) any other features the Secretary may determine are necessary to produce high-quality public transportation services that emulate the services provided by rail fixed guideway public transportation systems.

"(G) New fixed guideway capital project.—The term 'new fixed guideway capital project' means—

"(i) a fixed guideway capital project that is a minimum operable segment or extension to an existing fixed guideway system; or

"(ii) a fixed guideway bus rapid transit project that is a minimum operable segment or an extension to an existing bus rapid transit system.

"(H) Recipient.—The term 'recipient' means a recipient of funding under chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code.

"(I) Small start project.—The term 'small start project' means a new fixed guideway capital project, a fixed guideway bus rapid transit project, or a corridor-based bus rapid transit project for which—

"(i) the Federal assistance provided or to be provided under this subsection is less than $150,000,000; and

"(ii) the total estimated net capital cost is less than $400,000,000.

"(2) General authority.—The Secretary may make grants under this subsection to States and local governmental authorities to assist in financing—

"(A) new fixed guideway capital projects or small start projects, including the acquisition of real property, the initial acquisition of rolling stock for the system, the acquisition of rights-of-way, and relocation, for projects in the advanced stages of planning and design; and

"(B) core capacity improvement projects, including the acquisition of real property, the acquisition of rights-of-way, double tracking, signalization improvements, electrification, expanding system platforms, acquisition of rolling stock associated with corridor improvements increasing capacity, construction of infill stations, and such other capacity improvement projects as the Secretary determines are appropriate to increase the capacity of an existing fixed guideway system corridor by not less than 10 percent. Core capacity improvement projects do not include elements to improve general station facilities or parking, or acquisition of rolling stock alone.

"(3) Grant requirements.—

"(A) In general.—The Secretary may make not more than 8 grants under this subsection for eligible projects if the Secretary determines that—

"(i) the eligible project is part of an approved transportation plan required under sections 5303 and 5304 of title 49, United States Code;

"(ii) the applicant has, or will have—

"(I) the legal, financial, and technical capacity to carry out the eligible project, including the safety and security aspects of the eligible project;

"(II) satisfactory continuing control over the use of the equipment or facilities;

"(III) the technical and financial capacity to maintain new and existing equipment and facilities; and

"(IV) advisors providing guidance to the applicant on the terms and structure of the project that are independent from investors in the project;

"(iii) the eligible project is supported, or will be supported, in part, through a public-private partnership, provided such support is determined by local policies, criteria, and decisionmaking under section 5306(a) of title 49, United States Code;

"(iv) the eligible project is justified based on findings presented by the project sponsor to the Secretary, including—

"(I) mobility improvements attributable to the project;

"(II) environmental benefits associated with the project;

"(III) congestion relief associated with the project;

"(IV) economic development effects derived as a result of the project; and

"(V) estimated ridership projections;

"(v) the eligible project is supported by an acceptable degree of local financial commitment (including evidence of stable and dependable financing sources); and

"(vi) the eligible project will be operated and maintained by employees of an existing provider of fixed guideway or bus rapid transit public transportation in the service area of the project, or if none exists, by employees of an existing public transportation provider in the service area.

"(B) Certification.—An applicant that has submitted the certifications required under subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (H) of section 5307(c)(1) of title 49, United States Code, shall be deemed to have provided sufficient information upon which the Secretary may make the determinations required under this paragraph.

"(C) Technical capacity.—The Secretary shall use an expedited technical capacity review process for applicants that have recently and successfully completed not less than 1 new fixed guideway capital project, small start project, or core capacity improvement project, if—

"(i) the applicant achieved budget, cost, and ridership outcomes for the project that are consistent with or better than projections; and

"(ii) the applicant demonstrates that the applicant continues to have the staff expertise and other resources necessary to implement a new project.

"(D) Financial commitment.—

"(i) Requirements.—In determining whether an eligible project is supported by an acceptable degree of local financial commitment and shows evidence of stable and dependable financing sources for purposes of subparagraph (A)(v), the Secretary shall require that—

"(I) each proposed source of capital and operating financing is stable, reliable, and available within the proposed eligible project timetable; and

"(II) resources are available to recapitalize, maintain, and operate the overall existing and proposed public transportation system, including essential feeder bus and other services necessary, without degradation to the existing level of public transportation services.

"(ii) Considerations.—In assessing the stability, reliability, and availability of proposed sources of financing under clause (i), the Secretary shall consider—

"(I) the reliability of the forecasting methods used to estimate costs and revenues made by the applicant and the contractors to the applicant;

"(II) existing grant commitments;

"(III) the degree to which financing sources are dedicated to the proposed eligible project;

"(IV) any debt obligation that exists or is proposed by the applicant, for the proposed eligible project or other public transportation purpose; and

"(V) private contributions to the eligible project, including cost-effective project delivery, management or transfer of project risks, expedited project schedule, financial partnering, and other public-private partnership strategies.

"(E) Labor standards.—The requirements under section 5333 of title 49, United States Code, shall apply to each recipient of a grant under this subsection.

"(4) Project advancement.—An applicant that desires a grant under this subsection and meets the requirements of paragraph (3) shall submit to the Secretary, and the Secretary shall approve for advancement, a grant request that contains—

"(A) identification of an eligible project;

"(B) a schedule and finance plan for the construction and operation of the eligible project;

"(C) an analysis of the efficiencies of the proposed eligible project development and delivery methods and innovative financing arrangement for the eligible project, including any documents related to the—

"(i) public-private partnership required under paragraph (3)(A)(iii); and

"(ii) project justification required under paragraph (3)(A)(iv); and

"(D) a certification that the existing public transportation system of the applicant or, in the event that the applicant does not operate a public transportation system, the public transportation system to which the proposed project will be attached, is in a state of good repair.

"(5) Written notice from the secretary.—

"(A) In general.—Not later than 120 days after the date on which the Secretary receives a grant request of an applicant under paragraph (4), the Secretary shall provide written notice to the applicant—

"(i) of approval of the grant request; or

"(ii) if the grant request does not meet the requirements under paragraph (4), of disapproval of the grant request, including a detailed explanation of the reasons for the disapproval.

"(B) Concurrent notice.—The Secretary shall provide concurrent notice of an approval or disapproval of a grant request under subparagraph (A) to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.

"(6) Waiver.—The Secretary may grant a waiver to an applicant that does not comply with paragraph (4)(D) if—

"(A) the eligible project meets the definition of a core capacity improvement project; and

"(B) the Secretary certifies that the eligible project will allow the applicant to make substantial progress in achieving a state of good repair.

"(7) Selection criteria.—The Secretary may enter into a full funding grant agreement with an applicant under this subsection for an eligible project for which an application has been submitted and approved for advancement by the Secretary under paragraph (4), only if the applicant has completed the planning and activities required under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).

"(8) Letters of intent and full funding grant agreements.—

"(A) Letters of intent.—

"(i) Amounts intended to be obligated.—The Secretary may issue a letter of intent to an applicant announcing an intention to obligate, for an eligible project under this subsection, an amount from future available budget authority specified in law that is not more than the amount stipulated as the financial participation of the Secretary in the eligible project. When a letter is issued for an eligible project under this subsection, the amount shall be sufficient to complete at least an operable segment.

"(ii) Treatment.—The issuance of a letter under clause (i) is deemed not to be an obligation under section 1108(c), 1501, or 1502(a) of title 31, United States Code, or an administrative commitment.

"(B) Full funding grant agreements.—

"(i) In general.—Except as provided in clause (v), an eligible project shall be carried out under this subsection through a full funding grant agreement.

"(ii) Criteria.—The Secretary shall enter into a full funding grant agreement, based on the requirements of this subparagraph, with each applicant receiving assistance for an eligible project that has received a written notice of approval under paragraph (5)(A)(i).

"(iii) Terms.—A full funding grant agreement shall—

"(I) establish the terms of participation by the Federal Government in the eligible project;

"(II) establish the maximum amount of Federal financial assistance for the eligible project;

"(III) include the period of time for completing construction of the eligible project, consistent with the terms of the public-private partnership agreement, even if that period extends beyond the period of an authorization; and

"(IV) make timely and efficient management of the eligible project easier according to the law of the United States.

"(iv) Special financial rules.—

"(I) In general.—A full funding grant agreement under this subparagraph obligates an amount of available budget authority specified in law and may include a commitment, contingent on amounts to be specified in law in advance for commitments under this subparagraph, to obligate an additional amount from future available budget authority specified in law.

"(II) Statement of contingent commitment.—A full funding grant agreement shall state that the contingent commitment is not an obligation of the Federal Government.

"(III) Interest and other financing costs.—Interest and other financing costs of efficiently carrying out a part of the eligible project within a reasonable time are a cost of carrying out the eligible project under a full funding grant agreement, except that eligible costs may not be more than the cost of the most favorable financing terms reasonably available for the eligible project at the time of borrowing. The applicant shall certify, in a way satisfactory to the Secretary, that the applicant has shown reasonable diligence in seeking the most favorable financing terms.

"(IV) Completion of operable segment.—The amount stipulated in an agreement under this subparagraph for a new fixed guideway capital project, core capacity improvement project, or small start project shall be sufficient to complete at least an operable segment.

"(v) Exception.—

"(I) In general.—The Secretary, to the maximum extent practicable, shall provide Federal assistance under this subsection for a small start project in a single grant. If the Secretary cannot provide such a single grant, the Secretary may execute an expedited grant agreement in order to include a commitment on the part of the Secretary to provide funding for the project in future fiscal years.

"(II) Terms of expedited grant agreements.—In executing an expedited grant agreement under this clause, the Secretary may include in the agreement terms similar to those established under clause (iii).

"(C) Limitation on amounts.—

"(i) In general.—The Secretary may enter into full funding grant agreements under this paragraph for eligible projects that contain contingent commitments to incur obligations in such amounts as the Secretary determines are appropriate.

"(ii) Appropriation required.—An obligation may be made under this paragraph only when amounts are appropriated for obligation.

"(D) Notification to congress.—

"(i) In general.—Not later than 15 days before the date on which the Secretary issues a letter of intent or enters into a full funding grant agreement for an eligible project under this paragraph, the Secretary shall notify, in writing, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives of the proposed letter of intent or full funding grant agreement.

"(ii) Contents.—The written notification under clause (i) shall include a copy of the proposed letter of intent or full funding grant agreement for the eligible project.

"(9) Government share of net capital project cost.—

"(A) In general.—A grant for an eligible project shall not exceed 25 percent of the net capital project cost.

"(B) Remainder of net capital project cost.—The remainder of the net capital project cost shall be provided from an undistributed cash surplus, a replacement or depreciation cash fund or reserve, or new capital.

"(C) Limitation on statutory construction.—Nothing in this subsection shall be construed as authorizing the Secretary to require a non-Federal financial commitment for a project that is more than 75 percent of the net capital project cost.

"(D) Special rule for rolling stock costs.—In addition to amounts allowed pursuant to subparagraph (A), a planned extension to a fixed guideway system may include the cost of rolling stock previously purchased if the applicant satisfies the Secretary that only amounts other than amounts provided by the Federal Government were used and that the purchase was made for use on the extension. A refund or reduction of the remainder may be made only if a refund of a proportional amount of the grant of the Federal Government is made at the same time.

"(E) Failure to carry out project.—If an applicant does not carry out an eligible project for reasons within the control of the applicant, the applicant shall repay all Federal funds awarded for the eligible project from all Federal funding sources, for all eligible project activities, facilities, and equipment, plus reasonable interest and penalty charges allowable by law.

"(F) Crediting of funds received.—Any funds received by the Federal Government under this paragraph, other than interest and penalty charges, shall be credited to the appropriation account from which the funds were originally derived.

"(10) Availability of amounts.—

"(A) In general.—An amount made available for an eligible project shall remain available to that eligible project for 4 fiscal years, including the fiscal year in which the amount is made available. Any amounts that are unobligated to the eligible project at the end of the 4-fiscal-year period may be used by the Secretary for any purpose under this subsection.

"(B) Use of deobligated amounts.—An amount available under this subsection that is deobligated may be used for any purpose under this subsection.

"(11) Annual report on expedited project delivery for capital investment grants.—Not later than the first Monday in February of each year, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives a report that includes a proposed amount to be available to finance grants for anticipated projects under this subsection.

"(12) Rule of construction.—Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to—

"(A) require the privatization of the operation or maintenance of any project for which an applicant seeks funding under this subsection;

"(B) revise the determinations by local policies, criteria, and decisionmaking under section 5306(a) of title 49, United States Code;

"(C) alter the requirements for locally developed, coordinated, and implemented transportation plans under sections 5303 and 5304 of title 49, United States Code; or

"(D) alter the eligibilities or priorities for assistance under this subsection or section 5309 of title 49, United States Code."

Development of Implementation Guidance

Pub. L. 113–235, div. K, title I, §167, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2720, provided that: "In developing guidance implementing 49 U.S.C. 5309(i) Program of Interrelated Projects, the Secretary shall consider projects eligible under section 5309(h) Small Starts Projects, including streetcars."

Pilot Program for Expedited Project Delivery

Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20008(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 674, which related to a pilot program for expedited project delivery, was repealed by Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3030(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1496.

Non-New Starts Share of Public Transportation Element of Interstate Multi-Modal Projects

Pub. L. 111–117, div. A, title I, §173, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3066, provided that the rating under former subsec. (d) of this section of the non-New Starts share of the public transportation element of certain interstate multi-modal projects would be based on the percentage of non-New Starts funds in the unified finance plan.

Transit Tunnels

Pub. L. 110–244, title II, §201(p), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1615, required the Secretary of Transportation to analyze the various benefits of transit tunnels.

Public-Private Partnership Pilot Program

Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3011(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1588, as amended by Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §437(b)(1), Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 92; Pub. L. 111–322, title II, §2307(b)(1), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3530; Pub. L. 112–5, title III, §307(b)(1), Mar. 4, 2011, 125 Stat. 21; Pub. L. 112–30, title I, §137(b)(1), Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 354; Pub. L. 112–102, title III, §307(b)(1), Mar. 30, 2012, 126 Stat. 280; Pub. L. 112–140, title III, §307(b)(1), June 29, 2012, 126 Stat. 401; Pub. L. 112–141, div. G, title III, §113007(b)(1), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 987, which provided for the establishment and implementation of a pilot program to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of public-private partnerships for certain new fixed guideway capital projects, was repealed by Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20002(c)(2), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 622.

Report to Congress on Use of Funds Under Pub. L. 105–178

Pub. L. 105–200, title IV, §403(b), July 16, 1998, 112 Stat. 670, required the Secretary of Transportation to submit a report, no later than 2 years after July 16, 1998, on the use of funds made available under section 3037 of Pub. L. 105–178.

Dollar Value of Mobility Improvements

Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3010, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 357, as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(i), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 856, prohibited the consideration of the dollar value of mobility improvements in performing certain duties of the Secretary and required the Comptroller General to study and report on the dollar value of mobility improvements no later than Jan. 1, 2000.

Job Access and Reverse Commute Grants

Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3037, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 387, as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(w), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 862; Pub. L. 108–88, §8(l), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1124; Pub. L. 108–202, §9(l), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 488; Pub. L. 108–224, §7(l), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 636; Pub. L. 108–263, §7(l), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 108–280, §7(l), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 884; Pub. L. 108–310, §8(l), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1157; Pub. L. 109–14, §7(k), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 333; Pub. L. 109–20, §7(k), July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 355; Pub. L. 109–35, §7(k), July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 388; Pub. L. 109–37, §7(k), July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 403; Pub. L. 109–40, §7(k), July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 420, which authorized the Secretary of Transportation to make access to jobs grants and reverse commute grants to assist qualified entities in financing eligible projects, was repealed by Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3018(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1605, effective Oct. 1, 2005.

Encouragement of Adversely Affected Industries To Compete for Contracts

Pub. L. 91–453, §10, Oct. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 968, as amended by Pub. L. 102–240, title III, §3003(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2088, encouraged industries adversely affected by reductions in Federal Government spending to compete for contracts under former sections 5309 and 5312 of this title.

§5310. Formula grants for the enhanced mobility of seniors and individuals with disabilities

(a) Definitions.—In this section, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) Recipient.—The term "recipient" means—

(A) a designated recipient or a State that receives a grant under this section directly; or

(B) a State or local governmental entity that operates a public transportation service.

(2) Subrecipient.—The term "subrecipient" means a State or local governmental authority, a private nonprofit organization, or an operator of public transportation that receives a grant under this section indirectly through a recipient.

(b) General Authority.—

(1) Grants.—The Secretary may make grants under this section to recipients for—

(A) public transportation projects planned, designed, and carried out to meet the special needs of seniors and individuals with disabilities when public transportation is insufficient, inappropriate, or unavailable;

(B) public transportation projects that exceed the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.);

(C) public transportation projects that improve access to fixed route service and decrease reliance by individuals with disabilities on complementary paratransit; and

(D) alternatives to public transportation that assist seniors and individuals with disabilities with transportation.

(2) Limitations for capital projects.—

(A) Amount available.—The amount available for capital projects under paragraph (1)(A) shall be not less than 55 percent of the funds apportioned to the recipient under this section.

(B) Allocation to subrecipients.—A recipient of a grant under paragraph (1)(A) may allocate the amounts provided under the grant to—

(i) a private nonprofit organization; or

(ii) a State or local governmental authority that—

(I) is approved by a State to coordinate services for seniors and individuals with disabilities; or

(II) certifies that there are no private nonprofit organizations readily available in the area to provide the services described in paragraph (1)(A).

(3) Administrative expenses.—A recipient may use not more than 10 percent of the amounts apportioned to the recipient under this section to administer, plan, and provide technical assistance for a project funded under this section.

(4) Eligible capital expenses.—The acquisition of public transportation services is an eligible capital expense under this section.

(5) Coordination.—

(A) Department of transportation.—To the maximum extent feasible, the Secretary shall coordinate activities under this section with related activities under other Federal departments and agencies.

(B) Other federal agencies and nonprofit organizations.—A State or local governmental authority or nonprofit organization that receives assistance from Government sources (other than the Department of Transportation) for nonemergency transportation services shall—

(i) participate and coordinate with recipients of assistance under this chapter in the design and delivery of transportation services; and

(ii) participate in the planning for the transportation services described in clause (i).

(6) Program of projects.—

(A) In general.—Amounts made available to carry out this section may be used for transportation projects to assist in providing transportation services for seniors and individuals with disabilities, if such transportation projects are included in a program of projects.

(B) Submission.—A recipient shall annually submit a program of projects to the Secretary.

(C) Assurance.—The program of projects submitted under subparagraph (B) shall contain an assurance that the program provides for the maximum feasible coordination of transportation services assisted under this section with transportation services assisted by other Government sources.

(7) Meal delivery for homebound individuals.—A public transportation service provider that receives assistance under this section or section 5311(c) may coordinate and assist in regularly providing meal delivery service for homebound individuals, if the delivery service does not conflict with providing public transportation service or reduce service to public transportation passengers.

(c) Apportionment and Transfers.—

(1) Formula.—The Secretary shall apportion amounts made available to carry out this section as follows:

(A) Large urbanized areas.—Sixty percent of the funds shall be apportioned among designated recipients for urbanized areas with a population of 200,000 or more individuals, as determined by the Bureau of the Census, in the ratio that—

(i) the number of seniors and individuals with disabilities in each such urbanized area; bears to

(ii) the number of seniors and individuals with disabilities in all such urbanized areas.

(B) Small urbanized areas.—Twenty percent of the funds shall be apportioned among the States in the ratio that—

(i) the number of seniors and individuals with disabilities in urbanized areas with a population of fewer than 200,000 individuals, as determined by the Bureau of the Census, in each State; bears to

(ii) the number of seniors and individuals with disabilities in urbanized areas with a population of fewer than 200,000 individuals, as determined by the Bureau of the Census, in all States.

(C) Rural areas.—Twenty percent of the funds shall be apportioned among the States in the ratio that—

(i) the number of seniors and individuals with disabilities in rural areas in each State; bears to

(ii) the number of seniors and individuals with disabilities in rural areas in all States.

(2) Areas served by projects.—

(A) In general.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B)—

(i) funds apportioned under paragraph (1)(A) shall be used for projects serving urbanized areas with a population of 200,000 or more individuals, as determined by the Bureau of the Census;

(ii) funds apportioned under paragraph (1)(B) shall be used for projects serving urbanized areas with a population of fewer than 200,000 individuals, as determined by the Bureau of the Census; and

(iii) funds apportioned under paragraph (1)(C) shall be used for projects serving rural areas.

(B) Exceptions.—A State may use funds apportioned to the State under subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (1)—

(i) for a project serving an area other than an area specified in subparagraph (A)(ii) or (A)(iii), as the case may be, if the Governor of the State certifies that all of the objectives of this section are being met in the area specified in subparagraph (A)(ii) or (A)(iii); or

(ii) for a project anywhere in the State, if the State has established a statewide program for meeting the objectives of this section.

(C) Limited to eligible projects.—Any funds transferred pursuant to subparagraph (B) shall be made available only for eligible projects selected under this section.

(D) Consultation.—A recipient may transfer an amount under subparagraph (B) only after consulting with responsible local officials, publicly owned operators of public transportation, and nonprofit providers in the area for which the amount was originally apportioned.

(d) Government Share of Costs.—

(1) Capital projects.—A grant for a capital project under this section shall be in an amount equal to 80 percent of the net capital costs of the project, as determined by the Secretary.

(2) Operating assistance.—A grant made under this section for operating assistance may not exceed an amount equal to 50 percent of the net operating costs of the project, as determined by the Secretary.

(3) Remainder of net costs.—The remainder of the net costs of a project carried out under this section—

(A) may be provided from an undistributed cash surplus, a replacement or depreciation cash fund or reserve, a service agreement with a State or local social service agency or a private social service organization, or new capital; and

(B) may be derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise made available—

(i) to a department or agency of the Government (other than the Department of Transportation) that are eligible to be expended for transportation; or

(ii) to carry out the Federal lands highways program under section 204 ¹ of title 23.

(4) Use of certain funds.—For purposes of paragraph (3)(B)(i), the prohibition under section 403(a)(5)(C)(vii) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 603(a)(5)(C)(vii)) on the use of grant funds for matching requirements shall not apply to Federal or State funds to be used for transportation purposes.

(e) Grant Requirements.—

(1) In general.—A grant under this section shall be subject to the same requirements as a grant under section 5307, to the extent the Secretary determines appropriate.

(2) Certification requirements.—

(A) Project selection and plan development.—Before receiving a grant under this section, each recipient shall certify that—

(i) the projects selected by the recipient are included in a locally developed, coordinated public transit-human services transportation plan;

(ii) the plan described in clause (i) was developed and approved through a process that included participation by seniors, individuals with disabilities, representatives of public, private, and nonprofit transportation and human services providers, and other members of the public; and

(iii) to the maximum extent feasible, the services funded under this section will be coordinated with transportation services assisted by other Federal departments and agencies, including any transportation activities carried out by a recipient of a grant from the Department of Health and Human Services.

(B) Allocations to subrecipients.—If a recipient allocates funds received under this section to subrecipients, the recipient shall certify that the funds are allocated on a fair and equitable basis.

(f) Competitive Process for Grants to Subrecipients.—

(1) Areawide solicitations.—A recipient of funds apportioned under subsection (c)(1)(A) may conduct, in cooperation with the appropriate metropolitan planning organization, an areawide solicitation for applications for grants under this section.

(2) Statewide solicitations.—A recipient of funds apportioned under subparagraph (B) or (C) of subsection (c)(1) may conduct a statewide solicitation for applications for grants under this section.

(3) Application.—If the recipient elects to engage in a competitive process, a recipient or subrecipient seeking to receive a grant from funds apportioned under subsection (c) shall submit to the recipient making the election an application in such form and in accordance with such requirements as the recipient making the election shall establish.

(g) Transfers of Facilities and Equipment.—A recipient may transfer a facility or equipment acquired using a grant under this section to any other recipient eligible to receive assistance under this chapter, if—

(1) the recipient in possession of the facility or equipment consents to the transfer; and

(2) the facility or equipment will continue to be used as required under this section.

(h) Performance Measures.—

(1) In general.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, the Secretary shall submit a report to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives making recommendations on the establishment of performance measures for grants under this section. Such report shall be developed in consultation with national nonprofit organizations that provide technical assistance and advocacy on issues related to transportation services for seniors and individuals with disabilities.

(2) Measures.—The performance measures to be considered in the report under paragraph (1) shall require the collection of quantitative and qualitative information, as available, concerning—

(A) modifications to the geographic coverage of transportation service, the quality of transportation service, or service times that increase the availability of transportation services for seniors and individuals with disabilities;

(B) ridership;

(C) accessibility improvements; and

(D) other measures, as the Secretary determines is appropriate.

(i) Best Practices.—The Secretary shall collect from, review, and disseminate to public transportation agencies—

(1) innovative practices;

(2) program models;

(3) new service delivery options;

(4) findings from activities under subsection (h); and

(5) transit cooperative research program reports.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 807; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3013(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 359; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §§3002(b)(2), 3012(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1544, 1589; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20009, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 675; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3006(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1462.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5310(a)	49 App.:1612(b) (1st sentence words before cl. (1)), cls. (1) (words before 3d comma), (2) (words before "with such grants").	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §16(b) (1st sentence); added Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91–453, §8, 84 Stat. 967; restated Aug. 13, 1973, Pub. L. 93–87, §301(g), 87 Stat. 295; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3021(1)– (4), 105 Stat. 2110.
5310(b)	49 App.:1612(c)(2), (3).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §16(c); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3021(6), 105 Stat. 2110; Oct. 6, 1992, Pub. L. 102–388, §502(k), 106 Stat. 1567.
5310(c)	49 App.:1612(c)(1).
5310(d)	49 App.:1612(b) (1st sentence cl. (3)).
5310(e)	49 App.:1612(b) (1st sentence cls. (1) (words after 3d comma), (2) (words after "service under this subsection")).
5310(f)	49 App.:1612(e).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §16(e); added Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §317(c), 96 Stat. 2153; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §327(a)(4), 101 Stat. 238; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3021(1), (5), 105 Stat. 2110.
5310(g)	49 App.:1612(c)(4).
5310(h)	49 App.:1612(f).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §16(f); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §321, 101 Stat. 235; restated Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3021(5), (7), 105 Stat. 2110, 2111.
5310(i)	49 App.:1614(g) (related to 1612(b)).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §18(g) (related to §16(b)); added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §313, 92 Stat. 2750; restated Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3022, 105 Stat. 2111.
5310(j)	49 App.:1604b.	Nov. 26, 1974, Pub. L. 93–503, §108, 88 Stat. 1572.

In this section, the words "governmental authorities" are substituted for "public bodies" because of section 5302(a) of the revised title.

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "In addition to the grants and loans otherwise provided for under this chapter" are omitted as surplus. In clauses (1) and (2), the words "the specific purpose of" are omitted as surplus. In clause (1), the words "or agencies thereof" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b), the words "for expenditure", "to the States", and "amounts of a" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d), the words "A recipient of amounts under this section" are added for clarity to correct an error in the source provisions. The words "under a contract, lease, or other arrangement" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (e), the words "terms, conditions . . . and provisions" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (e)(1), the words "and is deemed" are substituted for "and being considered for the purposes of all other laws" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

In subsection (e)(2), the words "insofar as may be appropriate" and "necessary or . . . for purposes of this paragraph" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (f), the words "any applicable" are omitted as surplus. The words "prescribe regulations establishing" are substituted for "not later than ninety days after January 6, 1983, publish in the Federal Register for public comment, proposed regulations and, not later than one hundred and eighty days after January 6, 1983, promulgate final regulations, establishing" to eliminate unnecessary and executed words. Section 3021(1) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (Public Law 102–240, 105 Stat. 2110) is applied to 49 App.:1612(e) to carry out the apparent intent of Congress.

In subsection (g), the words "not later than 60 days following December 18, 1991" are omitted as obsolete. The words "and agencies" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (j), the words "elderly individuals and individuals with disabilities" are substituted for "elderly and handicapped persons" for consistency.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(B), is Pub. L. 101–336, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 327, which is classified principally to chapter 126 (§12101 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12101 of Title 42 and Tables.

Section 204 of title 23, referred to in subsec. (d)(3)(B)(ii), was repealed and a new section 204 was enacted by Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1119(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 473, 489. As enacted by Pub. L. 112–141, section 204 relates to the Federal lands access program.

The date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, referred to in subsec. (h)(1), is deemed to be Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, §3006(a)(1), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The term 'recipient' means a designated recipient or a State that receives a grant under this section directly."

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 114–94, §3006(a)(2), added subsec. (i).

2012—Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to formula grants for special needs of elderly individuals and individuals with disabilities.

2005—Pub. L. 109–59, §3012(a), amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, text consisted of subsecs. (a) to (j) relating to formula grants and loans for special needs of elderly individuals and individuals with disabilities.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(2), substituted "Public" for "Mass".

1998—Pub. L. 105–178 substituted "Formula grants" for "Grants" in section catchline.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Pilot Program for Innovative Coordinated Access and Mobility

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3006(b), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1462, provided that:

"(1) Definitions.—In this subsection—

"(A) the term 'eligible project' has the meaning given the term 'capital project' in section 5302 of title 49, United States Code; and

"(B) the term 'eligible recipient' means a recipient or subrecipient, as those terms are defined in section 5310 of title 49, United States Code.

"(2) General authority.—The Secretary [of Transportation] may make grants under this subsection to eligible recipients to assist in financing innovative projects for the transportation disadvantaged that improve the coordination of transportation services and nonemergency medical transportation services, including—

"(A) the deployment of coordination technology;

"(B) projects that create or increase access to community One-Call/One-Click Centers; and

"(C) such other projects as determined appropriate by the Secretary.

"(3) Application.—An eligible recipient shall submit to the Secretary an application that, at a minimum, contains—

"(A) a detailed description of the eligible project;

"(B) an identification of all eligible project partners and their specific role in the eligible project, including—

"(i) private entities engaged in the coordination of nonemergency medical transportation services for the transportation disadvantaged; or

"(ii) nonprofit entities engaged in the coordination of nonemergency medical transportation services for the transportation disadvantaged;

"(C) a description of how the eligible project would—

"(i) improve local coordination or access to coordinated transportation services;

"(ii) reduce duplication of service, if applicable; and

"(iii) provide innovative solutions in the State or community; and

"(D) specific performance measures the eligible project will use to quantify actual outcomes against expected outcomes.

"(4) Report.—The Secretary shall make publicly available an annual report on the pilot program carried out under this subsection for each fiscal year, not later than December 31 of the calendar year in which that fiscal year ends. The report shall include a detailed description of the activities carried out under the pilot program, and an evaluation of the program, including an evaluation of the performance measures described in paragraph (3)(D).

"(5) Government share of costs.—

"(A) In general.—The Government share of the cost of an eligible project carried out under this subsection shall not exceed 80 percent.

"(B) Non-government share.—The non-Government share of the cost of an eligible project carried out under this subsection may be derived from in-kind contributions.

"(6) Rule of construction.—For purposes of this subsection, nonemergency medical transportation services shall be limited to services eligible under Federal programs other than programs authorized under chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code."

Elderly Individuals and Individuals With Disabilities Pilot Program

Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3012(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1591, as amended by Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §437(c), Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 92; Pub. L. 111–322, title II, §2307(c), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3530; Pub. L. 112–5, title III, §307(c), Mar. 4, 2011, 125 Stat. 21; Pub. L. 112–30, title I, §137(c), Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 354; Pub. L. 112–102, title III, §307(c), Mar. 30, 2012, 126 Stat. 280; Pub. L. 112–140, title III, §307(c), June 29, 2012, 126 Stat. 401; Pub. L. 112–141, div. G, title III, §113007(c), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 987, which established a pilot program for certain States to carry out projects for public transportation of elderly individuals and individuals with disabilities, was repealed by Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20002(c)(3), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 622.

Over-the-Road Bus Accessibility Program

Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3038, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 392, as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(x), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 862; Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title III, §336], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A-31; Pub. L. 108–88, §8(m), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1125; Pub. L. 108–202, §9(m), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 488; Pub. L. 108–224, §7(m), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 636; Pub. L. 108–263, §7(m), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 108–280, §7(m), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 885; Pub. L. 108–310, §8(m), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1158; Pub. L. 109–14, §7(l), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 333; Pub. L. 109–20, §7(l), July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 355; Pub. L. 109–35, §7(l), July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 388; Pub. L. 109–37, §7(l), July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 403; Pub. L. 109–40, §7(l), July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 420; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3039(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1638, which provided for grants to over-the-road bus operators to finance costs associated with bus accessibility for persons with disabilities, was repealed by Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20002(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 622.

¹ See References in Text note below.

§5311. Formula grants for rural areas

(a) Definitions.—As used in this section, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) Recipient.—The term "recipient" means a State or Indian tribe that receives a Federal transit program grant directly from the Government.

(2) Subrecipient.—The term "subrecipient" means a State or local governmental authority, a nonprofit organization, or an operator of public transportation or intercity bus service that receives Federal transit program grant funds indirectly through a recipient.

(b) General Authority.—

(1) Grants authorized.—Except as provided by paragraph (2), the Secretary may award grants under this section to recipients located in rural areas for—

(A) planning, provided that a grant under this section for planning activities shall be in addition to funding awarded to a State under section 5305 for planning activities that are directed specifically at the needs of rural areas in the State;

(B) public transportation capital projects;

(C) operating costs of equipment and facilities for use in public transportation;

(D) job access and reverse commute projects; and

(E) the acquisition of public transportation services, including service agreements with private providers of public transportation service.

(2) State program.—

(A) In general.—A project eligible for a grant under this section shall be included in a State program for public transportation service projects, including agreements with private providers of public transportation service.

(B) Submission to secretary.—Each State shall submit to the Secretary annually the program described in subparagraph (A).

(C) Approval.—The Secretary may not approve the program unless the Secretary determines that—

(i) the program provides a fair distribution of amounts in the State, including Indian reservations; and

(ii) the program provides the maximum feasible coordination of public transportation service assisted under this section with transportation service assisted by other Federal sources.

(3) Rural transportation assistance program.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary shall carry out a rural transportation assistance program in rural areas.

(B) Grants and contracts.—In carrying out this paragraph, the Secretary may use not more than 2 percent of the amount made available under section 5338(a)(2)(F) to make grants and contracts for transportation research, technical assistance, training, and related support services in rural areas.

(C) Projects of a national scope.—Not more than 15 percent of the amounts available under subparagraph (B) may be used by the Secretary to carry out competitively selected projects of a national scope, with the remaining balance provided to the States.

(4) Data collection.—Each recipient under this section shall submit an annual report to the Secretary containing information on capital investment, operations, and service provided with funds received under this section, including—

(A) total annual revenue;

(B) sources of revenue;

(C) total annual operating costs;

(D) total annual capital costs;

(E) fleet size and type, and related facilities;

(F) vehicle revenue miles; and

(G) ridership.

(c) Apportionments.—

(1) In general.—Of the amounts made available or appropriated for each fiscal year pursuant to section 5338(a)(2)(F) to carry out this section—

(A) an amount equal to 5 percent shall be available to carry out paragraph (2); and

(B) 3 percent shall be available to carry out paragraph (3).

(2) Public transportation on indian reservations.—For each fiscal year, the amounts made available under paragraph (1)(A) shall be apportioned for grants to Indian tribes for any purpose eligible under this section, under such terms and conditions as may be established by the Secretary, of which—

(A) 20 percent shall be distributed by the Secretary on a competitive basis; and

(B) 80 percent shall be apportioned as formula grants as provided in subsection (j).

(3) Appalachian development public transportation assistance program.—

(A) Definitions.—In this paragraph—

(i) the term "Appalachian region" has the same meaning as in section 14102 of title 40; and

(ii) the term "eligible recipient" means a State that participates in a program established under subtitle IV of title 40.

(B) In general.—The Secretary shall carry out a public transportation assistance program in the Appalachian region.

(C) Apportionment.—Of amounts made available or appropriated for each fiscal year under section 5338(a)(2)(F) to carry out this paragraph, the Secretary shall apportion funds to eligible recipients for any purpose eligible under this section, based on the guidelines established under section 9.5(b) of the Appalachian Regional Commission Code.

(D) Special rule.—An eligible recipient may use amounts that cannot be used for operating expenses under this paragraph for a highway project if—

(i) that use is approved, in writing, by the eligible recipient after appropriate notice and an opportunity for comment and appeal are provided to affected public transportation providers; and

(ii) the eligible recipient, in approving the use of amounts under this subparagraph, determines that the local transit needs are being addressed.

(4) Remaining amounts.—

(A) In general.—The amounts made available or appropriated for each fiscal year pursuant to section 5338(a)(2)(F) that are not apportioned under paragraph (1) or (2) shall be apportioned in accordance with this paragraph.

(B) Apportionment based on land area and population in nonurbanized areas.—

(i) In general.—83.15 percent of the amount described in subparagraph (A) shall be apportioned to the States in accordance with this subparagraph.

(ii) Land area.—

(I) In general.—Subject to subclause (II), each State shall receive an amount that is equal to 20 percent of the amount apportioned under clause (i), multiplied by the ratio of the land area in rural areas in that State and divided by the land area in all rural areas in the United States, as shown by the most recent decennial census of population.

(II) Maximum apportionment.—No State shall receive more than 5 percent of the amount apportioned under subclause (I).

(iii) Population.—Each State shall receive an amount equal to 80 percent of the amount apportioned under clause (i), multiplied by the ratio of the population of rural areas in that State and divided by the population of all rural areas in the United States, as shown by the most recent decennial census of population.

(C) Apportionment based on land area, vehicle revenue miles, and low-income individuals in nonurbanized areas.—

(i) In general.—16.85 percent of the amount described in subparagraph (A) shall be apportioned to the States in accordance with this subparagraph.

(ii) Land area.—Subject to clause (v), each State shall receive an amount that is equal to 29.68 percent of the amount apportioned under clause (i), multiplied by the ratio of the land area in rural areas in that State and divided by the land area in all rural areas in the United States, as shown by the most recent decennial census of population.

(iii) Vehicle revenue miles.—Subject to clause (v), each State shall receive an amount that is equal to 29.68 percent of the amount apportioned under clause (i), multiplied by the ratio of vehicle revenue miles in rural areas in that State and divided by the vehicle revenue miles in all rural areas in the United States, as determined by national transit database reporting.

(iv) Low-income individuals.—Each State shall receive an amount that is equal to 40.64 percent of the amount apportioned under clause (i), multiplied by the ratio of low-income individuals in rural areas in that State and divided by the number of low-income individuals in all rural areas in the United States, as shown by the Bureau of the Census.

(v) Maximum apportionment.—No State shall receive—

(I) more than 5 percent of the amount apportioned under clause (ii); or

(II) more than 5 percent of the amount apportioned under clause (iii).

(d) Use for Local Transportation Service.—A State may use an amount apportioned under this section for a project included in a program under subsection (b) of this section and eligible for assistance under this chapter if the project will provide local transportation service, as defined by the Secretary of Transportation, in a rural area.

(e) Use for Administration, Planning, and Technical Assistance.—The Secretary may allow a State to use not more than 10 percent of the amount apportioned under this section to administer this section and provide technical assistance to a subrecipient, including project planning, program and management development, coordination of public transportation programs, and research the State considers appropriate to promote effective delivery of public transportation to a rural area.

(f) Intercity Bus Transportation.—

(1) In general.—A State shall expend at least 15 percent of the amount made available in each fiscal year to carry out a program to develop and support intercity bus transportation. Eligible activities under the program include—

(A) planning and marketing for intercity bus transportation;

(B) capital grants for intercity bus facilities;

(C) joint-use facilities;

(D) operating grants through purchase-of-service agreements, user-side subsidies, and demonstration projects; and

(E) coordinating rural connections between small public transportation operations and intercity bus carriers.

(2) Certification.—A State does not have to comply with paragraph (1) of this subsection in a fiscal year in which the Governor of the State certifies to the Secretary, after consultation with affected intercity bus service providers, that the intercity bus service needs of the State are being met adequately.

(g) Government Share of Costs.—

(1) Capital projects.—

(A) In general.—Except as provided by subparagraph (B), a grant awarded under this section for a capital project or project administrative expenses shall be for 80 percent of the net costs of the project, as determined by the Secretary.

(B) Exception.—A State described in section 120(b) of title 23 shall receive a Government share of the net costs in accordance with the formula under that section.

(2) Operating assistance.—

(A) In general.—Except as provided by subparagraph (B), a grant made under this section for operating assistance may not exceed 50 percent of the net operating costs of the project, as determined by the Secretary.

(B) Exception.—A State described in section 120(b) of title 23 shall receive a Government share of the net operating costs equal to 62.5 percent of the Government share provided for under paragraph (1)(B).

(3) Remainder.—The remainder of net project costs—

(A) may be provided in cash from non-Government sources;

(B) may be provided from revenues from the sale of advertising and concessions;

(C) may be provided from an undistributed cash surplus, a replacement or depreciation cash fund or reserve, a service agreement with a State or local social service agency or a private social service organization, or new capital;

(D) may be derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to a department or agency of the Government (other than the Department of Transportation) that are eligible to be expended for transportation;

(E) notwithstanding subparagraph (B), may be derived from amounts made available to carry out the Federal lands highway program established by section 204 ¹ of title 23; and

(F) in the case of an intercity bus project that includes both feeder service and an unsubsidized segment of intercity bus service to which the feeder service connects, may be derived from the costs of a private operator for the unsubsidized segment of intercity bus service, including all operating and capital costs of such service whether or not offset by revenue from such service, as an in-kind match for the operating costs of connecting rural intercity bus feeder service funded under subsection (f), if the private operator agrees in writing to the use of the costs of the private operator for the unsubsidized segment of intercity bus service as an in-kind match.

(4) Use of certain funds.—For purposes of paragraph (3)(B), the prohibitions on the use of funds for matching requirements under section 403(a)(5)(C)(vii) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 603(a)(5)(C)(vii)) shall not apply to Federal or State funds to be used for transportation purposes.

(5) Limitation on operating assistance.—A State carrying out a program of operating assistance under this section may not limit the level or extent of use of the Government grant for the payment of operating expenses.

(h) Transfer of Facilities and Equipment.—With the consent of the recipient currently having a facility or equipment acquired with assistance under this section, a State may transfer the facility or equipment to any recipient eligible to receive assistance under this chapter if the facility or equipment will continue to be used as required under this section.

(i) Relationship to Other Laws.—

(1) In general.—Section 5333(b) applies to this section if the Secretary of Labor utilizes a special warranty that provides a fair and equitable arrangement to protect the interests of employees.

(2) Rule of construction.—This subsection does not affect or discharge a responsibility of the Secretary of Transportation under a law of the United States.

(j) Formula Grants for Public Transportation on Indian Reservations.—

(1) Apportionment.—

(A) In general.—Of the amounts described in subsection (c)(2)(B)—

(i) 50 percent of the total amount shall be apportioned so that each Indian tribe providing public transportation service shall receive an amount equal to the total amount apportioned under this clause multiplied by the ratio of the number of vehicle revenue miles provided by an Indian tribe divided by the total number of vehicle revenue miles provided by all Indian tribes, as reported to the Secretary;

(ii) 25 percent of the total amount shall be apportioned equally among each Indian tribe providing at least 200,000 vehicle revenue miles of public transportation service annually, as reported to the Secretary; and

(iii) 25 percent of the total amount shall be apportioned among each Indian tribe providing public transportation on tribal lands (American Indian Areas, Alaska Native Areas, and Hawaiian Home Lands, as defined by the Bureau of the Census) on which more than 1,000 low-income individuals reside (as determined by the Bureau of the Census) so that each Indian tribe shall receive an amount equal to the total amount apportioned under this clause multiplied by the ratio of the number of low-income individuals residing on an Indian tribe's lands divided by the total number of low-income individuals on tribal lands on which more than 1,000 low-income individuals reside.

(B) Limitation.—No recipient shall receive more than $300,000 of the amounts apportioned under subparagraph (A)(iii) in a fiscal year.

(C) Remaining amounts.—Of the amounts made available under subparagraph (A)(iii), any amounts not apportioned under that subparagraph shall be allocated among Indian tribes receiving less than $300,000 in a fiscal year according to the formula specified in that clause.

(D) Low-income individuals.—For purposes of subparagraph (A)(iii), the term "low-income individual" means an individual whose family income is at or below 100 percent of the poverty line, as that term is defined in section 673(2) of the Community Services Block Grant Act (42 U.S.C. 9902(2)), including any revision required by that section, for a family of the size involved.

(E) Allocation between multiple indian tribes.—If more than 1 Indian tribe provides public transportation service on tribal lands in a single Tribal Statistical Area, and the Indian tribes do not determine how to allocate the funds apportioned under clause (iii) of subparagraph (A) between the Indian tribes, the Secretary shall allocate the funds so that each Indian tribe shall receive an amount equal to the total amount apportioned under such clause (iii) multiplied by the ratio of the number of annual unlinked passenger trips provided by each Indian tribe, as reported to the National Transit Database, to the total unlinked passenger trips provided by all Indian tribes in the Tribal Statistical Area.

(2) Non-tribal service providers.—A recipient that is an Indian tribe may use funds apportioned under this subsection to finance public transportation services provided by a non-tribal provider of public transportation that connects residents of tribal lands with surrounding communities, improves access to employment or healthcare, or otherwise addresses the mobility needs of tribal members.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 809; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3014(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 359; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §§3002(b)(4), 3013(a)–(h), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1545, 1593-1596; Pub. L. 110–244, title II, §201(e), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1610; Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §434, Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 89; Pub. L. 111–322, title II, §2304, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3527; Pub. L. 112–5, title III, §304, Mar. 4, 2011, 125 Stat. 19; Pub. L. 112–30, title I, §134, Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 351; Pub. L. 112–102, title III, §304, Mar. 30, 2012, 126 Stat. 277; Pub. L. 112–140, title III, §304, June 29, 2012, 126 Stat. 398; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20010, div. G, title III, §113004, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 680, 985; Pub. L. 113–159, title I, §1201, Aug. 8, 2014, 128 Stat. 1845; Pub. L. 114–21, title I, §1201, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 222; Pub. L. 114–41, title I, §1201, July 31, 2015, 129 Stat. 450; Pub. L. 114–73, title I, §1201, Oct. 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 572; Pub. L. 114–87, title I, §1201, Nov. 20, 2015, 129 Stat. 681; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3007, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1464; Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30006, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 900.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5311(a)	49 App.:1614(c) (3d sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §18(b), (c) (2d, 3d sentences), (d), (e) (1st–4th sentences), (f); added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §313, 92 Stat. 2749, 2750.
5311(b)(1)	49 App.:1614(b) (1st sentence 18th–last words, 2d, last sentences), (c) (2d sentence words between 1st and 2d commas).
5311(b)(2)	49 App.:1614(h).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §18(h); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §323, 101 Stat. 235.
5311(c)	49 App.:1614(a) (1st sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §18(a) (1st sentence); added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §313, 92 Stat. 2748; Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §316(a), 96 Stat. 2153.
	49 App.:1614(a) (2d sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §18(a) (2d sentence); added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §313, 92 Stat. 2748; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3024, 105 Stat. 2112.
	49 App.:1614(c) (1st sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §18(c) (1st sentence); added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §313, 92 Stat. 2749; Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §316(b), 96 Stat. 2153.
5311(d)	49 App.:1614(b) (1st sentence 1st–17th words), (c) (2d sentence words before 1st and after 2d commas).
5311(e)(1)	49 App.:1614(d).
5311(e)(2)	49 App.:1614(c) (4th sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §18(c) (4th sentence); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §322, 101 Stat. 235.
5311(f)	49 App.:1614(i).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §18(i); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3023, 105 Stat. 2111.
5311(g)(1)	49 App.:1614(e) (last sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §18(e) (last sentence); added Dec. 19, 1985, Pub. L. 99–190, §326, 99 Stat. 1289.
5311(g)(2)	49 App.:1614(e) (1st–4th sentences).
5311(h)	49 App.:1614(c) (last sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §18(c) (last sentence); added Oct. 6, 1992, Pub. L. 102–388, §502(l), 106 Stat. 1567.
5311(i)	49 App.:1614(g) (related to this section).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §18(g) (related to this section); added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §313(a), 92 Stat. 2750; restated Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3022, 105 Stat. 2111.
5311(j)	49 App.:1614(f).

In subsection (a), the words "Eligible" and "and agencies thereof" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(1), the words "The Secretary of Transportation may make grants" are added for clarity and consistency in this chapter. The word "equitable" is omitted as being included in "fair".

In subsection (b)(2), the words "establish and" are omitted as executed. The word "direct" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c), the words "for expenditure in each fiscal year" are omitted as surplus. The words "so that" are substituted for "Such sums shall be made available for expenditure for public transportation projects in areas other than urbanized areas on the basis of a formula under which" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "will be entitled to" and "as designated by the Bureau of the Census" are omitted as surplus. The words "United States" are substituted for "all the States" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the Code. The words "available", "a period of", and "the close of" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d), the words "included in a program under subsection (b) of this section" are substituted for 49 App.:1614(b) (1st–17th words) and "which are appropriate for areas other than urbanized areas" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "for assistance" are added for clarity.

In subsection (e)(1), the words "of funds under this section. Such technical assistance" and "(public and private)" are omitted as surplus.

In subsections (e)(2) and (g)(2), the word "grant" is substituted for "share" for consistency in this chapter.

In subsection (f), the text of 49 App.:1614(i)(3) is omitted as obsolete.

In subsection (f)(1), before clause (A), the words "Subject to paragraph (2)" are omitted as surplus. The reference to fiscal year 1992 is omitted as obsolete.

In subsection (g)(2), the words "under this chapter", "as defined by the Secretary", "Any public or private", "solely", and "available in" are omitted as surplus.

Subsection (h) is substituted for 49 App.:1614(c) (last sentence) for clarity and consistency in this chapter and to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (j)(1), the text of 49 App.:1614(f) (1st sentence) is omitted as unnecessary because of section 5334(a) of the revised title and 49:322(a). The words "in carrying out projects" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 204 of title 23, referred to in subsec. (g)(3)(E), was repealed and a new section 204 was enacted by Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1119(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 473, 489. As enacted by Pub. L. 112–141, section 204 relates to the Federal lands access program.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–58, §30006(1), added pars. (1) and (2), struck out former par. (1) which related to public transportation on Indian reservations, and redesignated former pars. (2) and (3) as (3) and (4), respectively.

Subsec. (j)(1)(A). Pub. L. 117–58, §30006(2), substituted "subsection (c)(2)(B)" for "subsection (c)(1)(B)" in introductory provisions.

2015—Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Pub. L. 114–94, §3007(b)(1), substituted "5338(a)(2)(F)" for "5338(a)(2)(E)".

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, §3007(b)(2)(A), substituted "5338(a)(2)(F)" for "5338(a)(2)(E)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 114–94, §3007(a)(1), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A), which read as follows: "$5,000,000 for each fiscal year ending before October 1, 2015, and $887,978 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015, shall be distributed on a competitive basis by the Secretary."

Pub. L. 114–87, §1201(1), substituted "and $887,978 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015," for "and $696,721 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1201(1), substituted "and $696,721 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015," for "and $396,175 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1201(1), substituted "for each fiscal year ending before October 1, 2015, and $396,175 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015," for "for each fiscal year ending before October 1, 2014, and $4,164,384 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1201(1), substituted "and $4,164,384 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015," for "and $3,328,767 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,".

Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 114–94, §3007(a)(1), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B), which read as follows: "$25,000,000 for each fiscal year ending before October 1, 2015, and $4,439,891 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015, shall be apportioned as formula grants, as provided in subsection (j)."

Pub. L. 114–87, §1201(2), substituted "and $4,439,891 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015," for "and $3,483,607 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1201(2), substituted "and $3,483,607 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015," for "and $1,980,874 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1201(2), substituted "for each fiscal year ending before October 1, 2015, and $1,980,874 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015," for "for each fiscal year ending before October 1, 2014, and $20,821,918 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1201(2), substituted "and $20,821,918 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015," for "and $16,643,836 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,".

Subsec. (c)(2)(C). Pub. L. 114–94, §3007(b)(2)(B), substituted "5338(a)(2)(F)" for "5338(a)(2)(E)".

Subsec. (c)(3)(A). Pub. L. 114–94, §3007(b)(2)(C), substituted "5338(a)(2)(F)" for "5338(a)(2)(E)".

Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 114–94, §3007(a)(2), added subpars. (A) and (B), redesignated former subpars. (A) to (D) as (C) to (F), respectively, and in subpar. (F), inserted ", including all operating and capital costs of such service whether or not offset by revenue from such service," after "the costs of a private operator for the unsubsidized segment of intercity bus service".

Subsec. (j)(1)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 114–94, §3007(a)(3)(A), substituted "(American Indian Areas, Alaska Native Areas, and Hawaiian Home Lands, as defined by the Bureau of the Census)" for "(as defined by the Bureau of the Census)".

Subsec. (j)(1)(E). Pub. L. 114–94, §3007(a)(3)(B), added subpar. (E).

2014—Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 113–159, §1201(1), inserted "for each fiscal year ending before October 1, 2014, and $3,328,767 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015," before "shall be distributed".

Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 113–159, §1201(2), inserted "for each fiscal year ending before October 1, 2014, and $16,643,836 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015," before "shall be apportioned".

2012—Pub. L. 112–141, §20010, amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to formula grants for other than urbanized areas.

Subsec. (c)(1)(G). Pub. L. 112–141, §113004, amended subpar. (G) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (G) read as follows: "$11,250,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012."

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 304, temporarily amended subpar. (G) generally, apportioning $11,400,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012. See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102 amended subpar. (G) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (G) read as follows: "$7,500,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012."

2011—Subsec. (c)(1)(F). Pub. L. 112–5 amended subpar. (F) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "$6,369,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011."

Subsec. (c)(1)(G). Pub. L. 112–30 added subpar. (G).

2010—Subsec. (c)(1)(E). Pub. L. 111–147 added subpar. (E).

Subsec. (c)(1)(F). Pub. L. 111–322 amended subpar. (F) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (F) read as follows: "$3,750,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010."

Pub. L. 111–147 added subpar. (F).

2008—Subsec. (g)(1)(A). Pub. L. 110–244, §201(e)(1), (2), substituted "for a capital project or project administrative expenses" for "for any purpose other than operating assistance" and struck out "capital" after "net".

Subsec. (g)(1)(B). Pub. L. 110–244, §201(e)(2), struck out "capital" after "net".

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 110–244, §201(e)(3), substituted "Section 5333(b) applies" for "Sections 5323(a)(1)(D) and 5333(b) of this title apply".

2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §3013(a), amended heading and text of subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "In this section, 'recipient' includes a State authority, a local governmental authority, a nonprofit organization, and an operator of mass transportation service."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §3013(b), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(1) The Secretary of Transportation may make grants for transportation projects that are included in a State program of mass transportation service projects (including service agreements with private providers of mass transportation service) for areas other than urbanized areas. The program shall be submitted annually to the Secretary. The Secretary may approve the program only if the Secretary finds that the program provides a fair distribution of amounts in the State, including Indian reservations, and the maximum feasible coordination of mass transportation service assisted under this section with transportation service assisted by other United States Government sources.

"(2) The Secretary of Transportation shall carry out a rural transportation assistance program in nonurbanized areas. In carrying out this paragraph, the Secretary may make grants and contracts for transportation research, technical assistance, training, and related support services in nonurbanized areas."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §3013(c), amended heading and text of subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary of Transportation shall apportion amounts made available under section 5338(a) of this title so that the chief executive officer of each State receives an amount equal to the total amount apportioned multiplied by a ratio equal to the population of areas other than urbanized areas in a State divided by the population of all areas other than urbanized areas in the United States, as shown by the most recent of the following: the latest Government census, the population estimate the Secretary of Commerce prepares after the 4th year after the date the latest census is published, or the population estimate the Secretary of Commerce prepares after the 8th year after the date the latest census is published. The amount may be obligated by the chief executive officer for 2 years after the fiscal year in which the amount is apportioned. An amount that is not obligated at the end of that period shall be reapportioned among the States for the next fiscal year."

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §3013(d), inserted ", Planning," after "Administration" in heading and in text struck out "(1)" before "The Secretary", substituted "subrecipient" for "recipient", and struck out par. (2) which read as follows: "Except as provided in this section, a State carrying out a program of operating assistance under this section may not limit the level or extent of use of the Government grant for the payment of operating expenses."

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation" in two places.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §3013(e)(1), inserted heading, struck out "after September 30, 1993," after "in each fiscal year" in introductory provisions and realigned margins of subpars. (A) to (D).

Subsec. (f)(1)(E). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation".

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §3013(e)(2), inserted heading and substituted "Secretary, after consultation with affected intercity bus service providers," for "Secretary of Transportation".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–59, §3013(f), substituted "Government" for "Government's" in heading and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(1) In this subsection, 'amounts of the Government or revenues' do not include amounts received under a service agreement with a State or local social service agency or a private social service organization.

"(2) A grant of the Government for a capital project under this section may not be more than 80 percent of the net cost of the project, as determined by the Secretary of Transportation. A grant to pay a subsidy for operating expenses may not be more than 50 percent of the net cost of the operating expense project. At least 50 percent of the remainder shall be provided in cash from sources other than amounts of the Government or revenues from providing mass transportation. Transit system amounts that make up the remainder shall be from an undistributed cash surplus, a replacement or depreciation cash fund or reserve, or new capital."

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 109–59, §3013(g), redesignated subsec. (i) as (h) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (h). Text read as follows: "An amount made available under this section may be used for operating assistance."

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 109–59, §3013(g)(2), redesignated subsec. (j) as (i). Former subsec. (i) redesignated (h).

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §3013(h), which directed amendment of subsec. (j)(1) by substituting "if the Secretary of Labor utilizes a special warranty that provides a fair and equitable arrangement to protect the interests of employees" for "but the Secretary of Labor may waive the application of section 5333(b)", was executed by making the substitution in subsec. (i)(1) to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the redesignation of subsec. (j) as (i) by Pub. L. 109–59, §3013(g)(2). See above.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 109–59, §3013(g)(2), redesignated subsec. (j) as (i).

1998—Pub. L. 105–178, §3014(a)(1), substituted "Formula grants" for "Financial assistance" in section catchline.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §3014(a)(2), struck out "10 percent of the amount made available in the fiscal year ending September 30, 1993, and" before "15 percent of the amount" in introductory provisions.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by section 20010 of Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Amendment by section 113004 of Pub. L. 112–141 effective July 1, 2012, see section 114001 of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as a note under section 5305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–140 to cease to be effective on July 6, 2012, with text as amended by Pub. L. 112–140 to revert back to read as it did on the day before June 29, 2012, and amendments by Pub. L. 112–141 to be executed as if Pub. L. 112–140 had not been enacted, see section 1(c) of Pub. L. 112–140, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

¹ See References in Text note below.

§5312. Public transportation innovation

(a) In General.—The Secretary shall provide assistance for projects and activities to advance innovative public transportation research and development in accordance with the requirements of this section.

(b) Research, Development, Demonstration, and Deployment Projects.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary may make grants and enter into contracts, cooperative agreements, and other agreements for research, development, demonstration, and deployment projects, and evaluation of research and technology of national significance to public transportation, that the Secretary determines will improve public transportation.

(2) Agreements.—In order to carry out paragraph (1), the Secretary may make grants to and enter into contracts, cooperative agreements, and other agreements with—

(A) departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the Government, including Federal laboratories;

(B) State and local governmental entities;

(C) providers of public transportation;

(D) private or non-profit organizations;

(E) institutions of higher education; and

(F) technical and community colleges.

(3) Application.—

(A) In general.—To receive a grant, contract, cooperative agreement, or other agreement under this section, an entity described in paragraph (2) shall submit an application to the Secretary.

(B) Form and contents.—An application under subparagraph (A) shall be in such form and contain such information as the Secretary may require, including—

(i) a statement of purpose detailing the need being addressed;

(ii) the short- and long-term goals of the project, including opportunities for future innovation and development, the potential for deployment, and benefits to riders and public transportation; and

(iii) the short- and long-term funding requirements to complete the project and any future objectives of the project.

(4) Accelerated implementation and deployment of advanced digital construction management systems.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary shall establish and implement a program under this subsection to promote, implement, deploy, demonstrate, showcase, support, and document the application of advanced digital construction management systems, practices, performance, and benefits.

(B) Goals.—The goals of the accelerated implementation and deployment of advanced digital construction management systems program established under subparagraph (A) shall include—

(i) accelerated adoption of advanced digital systems applied throughout the lifecycle of transportation infrastructure (including through the planning, design and engineering, construction, operations, and maintenance phases) that—

(I) maximize interoperability with other systems, products, tools, or applications;

(II) boost productivity;

(III) manage complexity;

(IV) reduce project delays and cost overruns;

(V) enhance safety and quality; and

(VI) reduce total costs for the entire lifecycle of transportation infrastructure assets;

(ii) more timely and productive information-sharing among stakeholders through reduced reliance on paper to manage construction processes and deliverables such as blueprints, design drawings, procurement and supply-chain orders, equipment logs, daily progress reports, and punch lists;

(iii) deployment of digital management systems that enable and leverage the use of digital technologies on construction sites by contractors, such as state-of-the-art automated and connected machinery and optimized routing software that allows construction workers to perform tasks faster, safer, more accurately, and with minimal supervision;

(iv) the development and deployment of best practices for use in digital construction management;

(v) increased technology adoption and deployment by States, local governmental authorities, and designated recipients that enables project sponsors—

(I) to integrate the adoption of digital management systems and technologies in contracts; and

(II) to weigh the cost of digitization and technology in setting project budgets;

(vi) technology training and workforce development to build the capabilities of project managers and sponsors that enables States, local governmental authorities, or designated recipients—

(I) to better manage projects using advanced construction management technologies; and

(II) to properly measure and reward technology adoption across projects;

(vii) development of guidance to assist States, local governmental authorities, and designated recipients in updating regulations to allow project sponsors and contractors—

(I) to report data relating to the project in digital formats; and

(II) to fully capture the efficiencies and benefits of advanced digital construction management systems and related technologies;

(viii) reduction in the environmental footprint of construction projects using advanced digital construction management systems resulting from elimination of congestion through more efficient projects; and

(ix) enhanced worker and pedestrian safety resulting from increased transparency.

(C) Publication.—The reporting requirements for the accelerated implementation and deployment of advanced digital construction management systems program established under section 503(c)(5) of title 23 shall include data and analysis collected under this section.

(c) Research.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary may make a grant to or enter into a contract, cooperative agreement, or other agreement under this section with an entity described in subsection (b)(2) to carry out a public transportation research project that has as its ultimate goal the development and deployment of new and innovative ideas, practices, and approaches.

(2) Project eligibility.—A public transportation research project that receives assistance under paragraph (1) shall focus on—

(A) providing more effective and efficient public transportation service, including services to—

(i) seniors;

(ii) individuals with disabilities; and

(iii) low-income individuals;

(B) mobility management and improvements and travel management systems;

(C) data and communication system advancements;

(D) system capacity, including—

(i) train control;

(ii) capacity improvements; and

(iii) performance management;

(E) capital and operating efficiencies;

(F) planning and forecasting modeling and simulation;

(G) advanced vehicle design;

(H) advancements in vehicle technology;

(I) asset maintenance and repair systems advancement;

(J) construction and project management;

(K) alternative fuels;

(L) the environment and energy efficiency;

(M) safety improvements; or

(N) any other area that the Secretary determines is important to advance the interests of public transportation.

(d) Innovation and Development.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary may make a grant to or enter into a contract, cooperative agreement, or other agreement under this section with an entity described in subsection (b)(2) to carry out a public transportation innovation and development project that seeks to improve public transportation systems nationwide in order to provide more efficient and effective delivery of public transportation services, including through technology and technological capacity improvements.

(2) Project eligibility.—A public transportation innovation and development project that receives assistance under paragraph (1) shall focus on—

(A) the development of public transportation research projects that received assistance under subsection (c) that the Secretary determines were successful;

(B) planning and forecasting modeling and simulation;

(C) capital and operating efficiencies;

(D) advanced vehicle design;

(E) advancements in vehicle technology;

(F) the environment and energy efficiency;

(G) system capacity, including train control and capacity improvements; or

(H) any other area that the Secretary determines is important to advance the interests of public transportation.

(e) Demonstration, Deployment, and Evaluation.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary may, under terms and conditions that the Secretary prescribes, make a grant to or enter into a contract, cooperative agreement, or other agreement with an entity described in paragraph (2) to promote the early deployment and demonstration of innovation in public transportation that has broad applicability.

(2) Participants.—An entity described in this paragraph is—

(A) an entity described in subsection (b)(2); or

(B) a consortium of entities described in subsection (b)(2), including a provider of public transportation, that will share the costs, risks, and rewards of early deployment and demonstration of innovation.

(3) Project eligibility.—A demonstration, deployment, or evaluation project that receives assistance under paragraph (1) shall seek to build on successful research, innovation, and development efforts to facilitate—

(A) the deployment of research and technology development resulting from private efforts or Federally funded efforts;

(B) the implementation of research and technology development to advance the interests of public transportation; or

(C) the deployment of low or no emission vehicles, zero emission vehicles, or associated advanced technology.

(4) Evaluation.—Not later than 2 years after the date on which a project receives assistance under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the success or failure of the projects funded under this subsection and any plan for broad-based implementation of the innovation promoted by successful projects.

(5) Prohibition.—The Secretary may not make grants under this subsection for the demonstration, deployment, or evaluation of a vehicle that is in revenue service unless the Secretary determines that the project makes significant technological advancements in the vehicle.

(6) Definitions.—In this subsection—

(A) the term "direct carbon emissions" means the quantity of direct greenhouse gas emissions from a vehicle, as determined by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency;

(B) the term "low or no emission vehicle" means—

(i) a passenger vehicle used to provide public transportation that the Secretary determines sufficiently reduces energy consumption or harmful emissions, including direct carbon emissions, when compared to a comparable standard vehicle; or

(ii) a zero emission vehicle used to provide public transportation; and

(C) the term "zero emission vehicle" means a low or no emission vehicle that produces no carbon or particulate matter.

(f) Annual Report on Research.—

(1) In general.—Not later than the first Monday in February of each year, the Secretary shall make available to the public on the Web site of the Department of Transportation, a report that includes—

(A) a description of each project that received assistance under this section during the preceding fiscal year;

(B) an evaluation of each project described in paragraph (1), including any evaluation conducted under subsection (e)(4) for the preceding fiscal year; and

(C) a strategic research roadmap proposal for allocations of amounts for assistance under this section for the current and subsequent fiscal year, including anticipated work areas, proposed demonstrations and strategic partnership opportunities;

(2) Updates.—Not less than every 3 months, the Secretary shall update on the Web site of the Department of Transportation the information described in paragraph (1)(C) to reflect any changes to the Secretary's plans to make assistance available under this section.

(3) Long-term research plans.—The Secretary is encouraged to develop long-term research plans and shall identify in the annual report under paragraph (1) and in updates under paragraph (2) allocations of amounts for assistance and notices of funding opportunities to execute long-term strategic research roadmap plans.

(g) Government Share of Costs.—

(1) In general.—The Government share of the cost of a project carried out under this section shall not exceed 80 percent, except that if there is substantial public interest or benefit, the Secretary may approve a greater Federal share.

(2) Non-government share.—The non-Government share of the cost of a project carried out under this section may be derived from in-kind contributions.

(3) Financial benefit.—If the Secretary determines that there would be a clear and direct financial benefit to an entity under a grant, contract, cooperative agreement, or other agreement under this section, the Secretary shall establish a Government share of the costs of the project to be carried out under the grant, contract, cooperative agreement, or other agreement that is consistent with the benefit.

(h) Low or No Emission Vehicle Component Assessment.—

(1) Definitions.—In this subsection—

(A) the term "covered institution of higher education" means an institution of higher education with which the Secretary enters into a contract or cooperative agreement, or to which the Secretary makes a grant, under paragraph (2)(B) to operate a facility selected under paragraph (2)(A);

(B) the terms "direct carbon emissions" and "low or no emission vehicle" have the meanings given those terms in subsection (e)(6);

(C) the term "institution of higher education" has the meaning given the term in section 102 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002); and

(D) the term "low or no emission vehicle component" means an item that is separately installed in and removable from a low or no emission vehicle.

(2) Assessing low or no emission vehicle components.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary shall competitively select at least 1 facility—

(i) to conduct testing, evaluation, and analysis of low or no emission vehicle components intended for use in low or no emission vehicles; and

(ii) to conduct directed technology research.

(B) Testing, evaluation, and analysis.—

(i) In general.—The Secretary shall enter into a contract or cooperative agreement with, or make a grant to, at least 1 institution of higher education to operate and maintain a facility to conduct testing, evaluation, and analysis of low or no emission vehicle components, and new and emerging technology components, intended for use in low or no emission vehicles.

(ii) Requirements.—An institution of higher education described in clause (i) shall have—

(I) capacity to carry out transportation-related advanced component and vehicle evaluation;

(II) laboratories capable of testing and evaluation; and

(III) direct access to or a partnership with a testing facility capable of emulating real-world circumstances in order to test low or no emission vehicle components installed on the intended vehicle.

(C) Fees.—A covered institution of higher education shall establish and collect fees, which shall be approved by the Secretary, for the assessment of low or no emission vehicle components at the applicable facility selected under subparagraph (A).

(D) Availability of amounts to pay for assessment.—The Secretary shall enter into a contract or cooperative agreement with, or make a grant to an institution of higher education under which—

(i) the Secretary shall pay 50 percent of the cost of assessing a low or no emission vehicle component at the applicable facility selected under subparagraph (A) from amounts made available to carry out this section; and

(ii) the remaining 50 percent of such cost shall be paid from amounts recovered through the fees established and collected pursuant to subparagraph (C).

(E) Voluntary testing.—A manufacturer of a low or no emission vehicle component is not required to assess the low or no emission vehicle component at a facility selected under subparagraph (A).

(F) Compliance with section 5318.—Notwithstanding whether a low or no emission vehicle component is assessed at a facility selected under subparagraph (A), each new bus model shall comply with the requirements under section 5318.

(G) Separate facility.—A facility selected under subparagraph (A) shall be separate and distinct from the facility operated and maintained under section 5318.

(H) Capital equipment and directed research.—A facility operated and maintained under subparagraph (A) may use funds made available under this subsection for—

(i) acquisition of equipment and capital projects related to testing low or no emission vehicle components; or

(ii) research related to advanced vehicle technologies that provides advancements to the entire public transportation industry.

(I) Cost share.—The cost share for activities described in subparagraph (H) shall be subject to the terms in subsection (g).

(3) Low or no emission vehicle component performance reports.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall issue a report on low or no emission vehicle component assessments conducted at each facility selected under paragraph (2)(A), which shall include information related to the maintainability, reliability, performance, structural integrity, efficiency, and noise of those low or no emission vehicle components, as applicable.

(4) Public availability of assessments.—Each assessment conducted at a facility selected under paragraph (2)(A) shall be made publicly available, including to affected industries.

(5) Rule of construction.—Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to require—

(A) a low or no emission vehicle component to be tested at a facility selected under paragraph (2)(A); or

(B) the development or disclosure of a privately funded component assessment.

(i) Transit Cooperative Research Program.—

(1) In general.—The amounts made available under section 5338(a)(2)(G)(ii) are available for a public transportation cooperative research program.

(2) Independent governing board.—

(A) Establishment.—The Secretary shall establish an independent governing board for the program under this subsection.

(B) Recommendations.—The board shall recommend public transportation research, development, and technology transfer activities the Secretary considers appropriate.

(3) Federal assistance.—The Secretary may make grants to, and enter into cooperative agreements with, the National Academy of Sciences to carry out activities under this subsection that the Secretary considers appropriate.

(4) Government share of costs.—If there would be a clear and direct financial benefit to an entity under a grant or contract financed under this subsection, the Secretary shall establish a Government share consistent with that benefit.

(5) Limitation on applicability.—Subsections (f) and (g) shall not apply to activities carried out under this subsection.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 811; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3015(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 359; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §§3002(b)(4), 3014(a)–(e)(1), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1545, 1596, 1597; Pub. L. 110–244, title II, §201(f), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1610; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20011, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 686; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3008(a), (b), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1465, 1468; Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30007(a), (c), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 900, 902.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5312(a)	49 App.:1605(a).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §6(a), 78 Stat. 305; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20(a), 81 Stat. 25; Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91–453, §13(b), 84 Stat. 969.
	49 App.:1605(d).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §6(d), 78 Stat. 305; Sept. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89–562, §3, 80 Stat. 717; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20(a), 81 Stat. 25.
5312(b)(1)	49 App.:1607c(a) (1st, 2d sentences).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §11(a); added Sept. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89–562, §2(a)(2), 80 Stat. 716.
5312(b)(2)	49 App.:1607c(a) (3d sentence).
5312(b)(3)	49 App.:1607c(a) (last sentence).
5312(c)(1)	49 App.:1607b (1st sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §10; added Sept. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89–562, §2(a)(2), 80 Stat. 716; restated Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §306, 92 Stat. 2744.
5312(c)(2)	49 App.:1603(c) (1st sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §4(c) (1st sentence); added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §303(e), 92 Stat. 2739; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §320, 101 Stat. 235; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3006(h)(1), 105 Stat. 2090.
5312(c)(3)	49 App.:1607b (2d–last sentences).

In subsections (a) and (b)(1), the words "(or the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development when required by section 5334(i) of this title)" are added for clarity.

In subsection (a), the word "working" is omitted as surplus. The words "departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the United States Government" are substituted for "other Federal departments and agencies" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code. The words "all phases of", "(including the development, testing, and demonstration of new facilities, equipment, techniques, and methods)", "In carrying out the provisions of this section", "or data as he deems", "public or private", and "contained . . . section 1701d–3 of title 12 or . . . other provision of" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(1), before clause (A), the words "public and private", "assist in establishing or carrying on comprehensive research in the problems of transportation in urban areas. Such grants shall be used to", and "and qualified" are omitted as surplus. In clause (A), the words "or both" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(3), the word "appropriate" is added for clarity.

In subsection (c)(1), the words "and agencies thereof" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c)(3), before clause (A), the words "public or private training" and "the sum of" are omitted as surplus. In clause (B), the words "in connection with the fellowship" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015, referred to in subsec. (h)(3), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 114–94, which was approved Dec. 4, 2015.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 117–58, §30007(c), added par. (4).

Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 117–58, §30007(a)(1), added subsec. (f) and struck out subsec. (g) relating to annual reports on research.

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 117–58, §30007(a)(2), substituted ", except that if there is substantial public interest or benefit, the Secretary may approve a greater Federal share." for period at end.

Subsec. (h)(2)(A). Pub. L. 117–58, §30007(a)(3)(A)(i), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary shall competitively select at least one facility to conduct testing, evaluation, and analysis of low or no emission vehicle components intended for use in low or no emission vehicles."

Subsec. (h)(2)(B). Pub. L. 117–58, §30007(a)(3)(A)(ii), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B), which related to operation and maintenance of facilities to conduct testing, evaluation, and analysis of low or no emission vehicle components.

Subsec. (h)(2)(H), (I). Pub. L. 117–58, §30007(a)(3)(A)(iii), added subpars. (H) and (I).

Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 117–58, §30007(a)(3)(B), inserted ", as applicable" before period at end.

2015—Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(a)(1), substituted "Public transportation innovation" for "Research, development, demonstration, and deployment projects" in section catchline.

Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(a)(2), (3), added subsec. (a) and redesignated former subsec. (a) as (b). Former subsec. (b) redesignated (c).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (b) as (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(b)(1), substituted "subsection (b)(2)" for "subsection (a)(2)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(b)(2)(A), substituted "subsection (b)(2)" for "subsection (a)(2)".

Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(b)(2)(B), substituted "subsection (c)" for "subsection (b)".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(b)(3), substituted "subsection (b)(2)" for "subsection (a)(2)" in subpars. (A) and (B).

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(a)(4)(A)(i), inserted "demonstration, deployment, or evaluation" before "project that" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (e)(3)(C). Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(a)(4)(A)(ii)–(iv), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (e)(5), (6). Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(a)(4)(B), added pars. (5) and (6) and struck out former par. (5), which related to low or no emission vehicle deployment.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(a)(6)(A), redesignated subsec. (f) relating to annual report on research as (g).

Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (e) relating to annual report on research as (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(a)(6)(A), redesignated subsec. (f) relating to annual report on research as (g), inserted heading and introductory provisions, and struck out former heading and introductory provisions. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Not later than the first Monday in February of each year, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives a report that includes—".

Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (f) relating to government share of costs as (g).

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(a)(6)(B), struck out "and" at end.

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(b)(4), which directed substitution of "subsection (e)(4)" for "subsection (d)(4)" in subsec. (f)(2), was executed to par. (2) of subsec. (g) relating to annual report on research, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(a)(6)(C), substituted a period for "; and".

Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(a)(6)(D), struck out par. (3) which read as follows: "a proposal for allocations of amounts for assistance under this section for the subsequent fiscal year."

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(a)(5), added subsec. (h).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 114–94, §3008(a)(7), added subsec. (i).

2012—Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to research, development, demonstration, and deployment projects and consisted of subsecs. (a) to (c).

2008—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–244 substituted "Public Transportation" for "Mass Transportation" in heading.

2005—Pub. L. 109–59, §3014(e)(1), substituted "deployment" for "training" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §3014(a), amended heading and text of subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary of Transportation (or the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development when required by section 5334(i) of this title) may undertake, or make grants or contracts (including agreements with departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the United States Government) for, research, development, and demonstration projects related to urban mass transportation that the Secretary decides will help reduce urban transportation needs, improve mass transportation service, or help mass transportation service meet the total urban transportation needs at a minimum cost. The Secretary may request and receive appropriate information from any source. This subsection does not limit the authority of the Secretary under another law."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §3014(b), redesignated subsec. (d) as (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to grants to nonprofit institutions of higher learning for research, investigations, and training.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §3014(b), redesignated subsec. (e) as (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which related to grants to States, local governmental authorities, and operators of mass transportation systems for training fellowships and grants to State and local governmental authorities for projects that would use innovative techniques and methods in managing and providing mass transportation.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §3014(c), substituted "public or private" for "public and private".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §3014(d), struck out "shall be accounted for separately within the Mass Transit Account of the Highway Trust Fund and" after "Such revenues".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–59, §3014(b), redesignated subsec. (d) as (b).

Subsec. (d)(1)(A), (2). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §3014(b), redesignated subsec. (e) as (c).

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation" wherever appearing.

1998—Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 105–178 added subsecs. (d) and (e).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Low or No Emission Vehicle Component Assessment

Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30007(b), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 902, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Institutions of higher education selected to operate and maintain a facility to conduct testing, evaluation, and analysis of low or no emission vehicle components pursuant to section 5312(h) of title 49, United States Code, shall not carry out testing for a new bus model under section 5318 of that title.

"(2) Use of funds.—Funds made available to institutions of higher education described in paragraph (1) for testing under section 5318 of title 49, United States Code, may be used for eligible activities under section 5312(h) of that title."

[§5313. Repealed. Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3030(b), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1496]

Section, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 812; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3029(b)(4), (5), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 372; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §§3002(b)(4), 3015(a), (b)(1), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1545, 1597; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20030(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 730, related to transit cooperative research program.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

§5314. Technical assistance and workforce development

(a) Technical Assistance and Standards.—

(1) Technical assistance and standards development.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary may make grants and enter into contracts, cooperative agreements, and other agreements (including agreements with departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the Government) to carry out activities that the Secretary determines will assist recipients of assistance under this chapter to—

(i) more effectively and efficiently provide public transportation service;

(ii) administer funds received under this chapter in compliance with Federal law; and

(iii) improve public transportation.

(B) Eligible activities.—The activities carried out under subparagraph (A) may include—

(i) technical assistance; and

(ii) the development of voluntary and consensus-based standards and best practices by the public transportation industry, including standards and best practices for safety, fare collection, intelligent transportation systems, accessibility, procurement, security, asset management to maintain a state of good repair, operations, maintenance, vehicle propulsion, communications, and vehicle electronics.

(2) Technical assistance.—The Secretary, through a competitive bid process, may enter into contracts, cooperative agreements, and other agreements with national nonprofit organizations that have the appropriate demonstrated capacity to provide public-transportation-related technical assistance under this subsection. The Secretary may enter into such contracts, cooperative agreements, and other agreements to assist providers of public transportation to—

(A) comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.) through technical assistance, demonstration programs, research, public education, and other activities related to complying with such Act;

(B) comply with human services transportation coordination requirements and to enhance the coordination of Federal resources for human services transportation with those of the Department of Transportation through technical assistance, training, and support services related to complying with such requirements;

(C) meet the transportation needs of elderly individuals;

(D) increase transit ridership in coordination with metropolitan planning organizations and other entities through development around public transportation stations through technical assistance and the development of tools, guidance, and analysis related to market-based development around transit stations;

(E) address transportation equity with regard to the effect that transportation planning, investment, and operations have for low-income and minority individuals;

(F) facilitate best practices to promote bus driver safety;

(G) meet the requirements of sections 5323(j) and 5323(m);

(H) assist with the development and deployment of low or no emission vehicles (as defined in section 5339(c)(1)) or low or no emission vehicle components (as defined in section 5312(h)(1)); and

(I) any other technical assistance activity that the Secretary determines is necessary to advance the interests of public transportation.

(3) Annual report on technical assistance.—Not later than the first Monday in February of each year, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives a report that includes—

(A) a description of each project that received assistance under this subsection during the preceding fiscal year;

(B) an evaluation of the activities carried out by each organization that received assistance under this subsection during the preceding fiscal year;

(C) a proposal for allocations of amounts for assistance under this subsection for the subsequent fiscal year; and

(D) measurable outcomes and impacts of the programs funded under subsections (b) and (c).

(4) Government share of costs.—

(A) In general.—The Government share of the cost of an activity carried out using a grant under this subsection may not exceed 80 percent.

(B) Non-government share.—The non-Government share of the cost of an activity carried out using a grant under this subsection may be derived from in-kind contributions.

(b) Human Resources and Training.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary may undertake, or make grants and contracts for, programs that address human resource needs as they apply to public transportation activities. A program may include—

(A) an employment training program;

(B) an outreach program to increase employment for veterans, females, individuals with a disability, minorities (including American Indians or Alaska Natives, Asian, Black or African Americans, native Hawaiians or other Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics) in public transportation activities;

(C) research on public transportation personnel and training needs;

(D) training and assistance for veteran and minority business opportunities; and

(E) consensus-based national training standards and certifications in partnership with industry stakeholders.

(2) Innovative public transportation frontline workforce development program.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary shall establish a competitive grant program to assist the development of innovative activities eligible for assistance under paragraph (1).

(B) Eligible programs.—A program eligible for assistance under paragraph (1) shall—

(i) develop apprenticeships, on-the-job training, and instructional training for public transportation maintenance and operations occupations;

(ii) build local, regional, and statewide public transportation training partnerships with local public transportation operators, labor union organizations, workforce development boards, and State workforce agencies to identify and address workforce skill gaps;

(iii) improve safety, security, and emergency preparedness in local public transportation systems through improved safety culture and workforce communication with first responders and the riding public; and

(iv) address current or projected workforce shortages by developing partnerships with high schools, community colleges, and other community organizations.

(C) Selection of recipients.—To the maximum extent feasible, the Secretary shall select recipients that—

(i) are geographically diverse;

(ii) address the workforce and human resources needs of large public transportation providers;

(iii) address the workforce and human resources needs of small public transportation providers;

(iv) address the workforce and human resources needs of urban public transportation providers;

(v) address the workforce and human resources needs of rural public transportation providers;

(vi) advance training related to maintenance of low or no emission vehicles and facilities used in public transportation;

(vii) target areas with high rates of unemployment;

(viii) advance opportunities for minorities, women, veterans, individuals with disabilities, low-income populations, and other underserved populations; and

(ix) address in-demand industry sector or occupation, as such term is defined in section 3 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3102).

(D) Program outcomes.—A recipient of assistance under this subsection shall demonstrate outcomes for any program that includes skills training, on-the-job training, and work-based learning, including—

(i) the impact on reducing public transportation workforce shortages in the area served;

(ii) the diversity of training participants;

(iii) the number of participants obtaining certifications or credentials required for specific types of employment;

(iv) employment outcomes, including job placement, job retention, and wages, using performance metrics established in consultation with the Secretary and the Secretary of Labor and consistent with metrics used by programs under the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.); and

(v) to the extent practical, evidence that the program did not preclude workers who are participating in skills training, on-the-job training, and work-based learning from being referred to, or hired on, projects funded under this chapter without regard to the length of time of their participation in the program.

(E) Report to congress.—The Secretary shall make publicly available a report on the Frontline Workforce Development Program for each fiscal year, not later than December 31 of the calendar year in which that fiscal year ends. The report shall include a detailed description of activities carried out under this paragraph, an evaluation of the program, and policy recommendations to improve program effectiveness.

(3) Government's share of costs.—The Government share of the cost of a project carried out using a grant under paragraph (1) or (2) shall be 50 percent.

(4) Availability of amounts.—Not more than 0.5 percent of amounts made available to a recipient under sections 5307, 5337, and 5339 is available for expenditures by the recipient, with the approval of the Secretary, to pay not more than 80 percent of the cost of eligible activities under this subsection.

(c) National Transit Institute.—

(1) Establishment.—The Secretary shall establish a national transit institute and award grants to a public 4-year degree-granting institution of higher education, as defined in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)), in order to carry out the duties of the institute.

(2) Duties.—

(A) In general.—In cooperation with the Federal Transit Administration, State transportation departments, public transportation authorities, and national and international entities, the institute established under paragraph (1) shall develop and conduct training and educational programs for Federal, State, and local transportation employees, United States citizens, and foreign nationals engaged or to be engaged in Government-aid public transportation work.

(B) Training and educational programs.—The training and educational programs developed under subparagraph (A) may include courses in recent developments, techniques, and procedures related to—

(i) intermodal and public transportation planning;

(ii) management;

(iii) environmental factors;

(iv) acquisition and joint use rights-of-way;

(v) engineering and architectural design;

(vi) procurement strategies for public transportation systems;

(vii) turnkey approaches to delivering public transportation systems;

(viii) new technologies;

(ix) emission reduction technologies;

(x) ways to make public transportation accessible to individuals with disabilities;

(xi) construction, construction management, insurance, and risk management;

(xii) maintenance;

(xiii) contract administration;

(xiv) inspection;

(xv) innovative finance;

(xvi) workplace safety; and

(xvii) public transportation security.

(3) Provision for education and training.—Education and training of Government, State, and local transportation employees under this subsection shall be provided—

(A) by the Secretary at no cost to the States and local governments for subjects that are a Government program responsibility; or

(B) when the education and training are paid under paragraph (4), by the State, with the approval of the Secretary, through grants and contracts with public and private agencies, other institutions, individuals, and the institute.

(4) Availability of amounts.—

(A) In general.—Not more than 0.5 percent of amounts made available to a recipient under sections 5307, 5337, and 5339 is available for expenditures by the recipient, with the approval of the Secretary, to pay not more than 80 percent of the cost of eligible activities under this subsection.

(B) Existing programs.—A recipient may use amounts made available under subparagraph (A) to carry out existing local education and training programs for public transportation employees supported by the Secretary, the Department of Labor, or the Department of Education.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 812; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §§3016, 3029(b)(6), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 361, 372; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §§3002(b)(4), 3016(a), (b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1545, 1598, 1599; Pub. L. 110–244, title II, §201(g), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1610; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20012, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 690; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3009(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1469.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5314(a)	49 App.:1622(b) (1)–(7).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §26(b)(1)–(8) (related to this subsection); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3030, 105 Stat. 2118.
5314(b)	49 App.:1622(b)(8) (related to this subsection).

In subsection (a)(2), the word "subsection" in the source provision is translated as if it were "paragraph" to reflect the apparent intent of Congress.

In subsection (a)(3), the words "conditions, requirements, and provisions" are omitted as being included in "terms".

In subsection (a)(4)(C), the word "section" in the source provision is translated as if it were "paragraph" to reflect the apparent intent of Congress.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(A), is Pub. L. 101–336, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 327, which is classified principally to chapter 126 (§12101 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12101 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(D)(iv), is Pub. L. 113–128, July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1425, which enacted chapter 32 (§3101 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor, repealed chapter 30 (§2801 et seq.) of Title 29 and chapter 73 (§9201 et seq.) of Title 20, Education, and made amendments to numerous other sections and notes in the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3101 of Title 29 and Tables.

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–94 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to technical assistance and workforce development for provisions relating to technical assistance and standards development.

2012—Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to national research programs.

2008—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 110–244, which directed substitution of "section 5333(b)" for "section 5323(a)(1)(D)" in subsec. (a)(3) of section 5314, without specifying the Code title to be amended, was executed by making the substitution in subsec. (a)(3) of this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

2005—Pub. L. 109–59, §3016(a)(1), struck out "planning and" before "research" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §3016(a)(2), substituted "section 5338(d)" for "subsections (d) and (h)(7) of section 5338 of this title" and ", contracts, cooperative agreements, or other agreements" for "and contracts" and struck out "5303–5306," before "5312," and "5317," before "and 5322".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §3016(a)(3), substituted "The Secretary shall" for "Of the amounts made available under paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Secretary shall make available at least $3,000,000 to".

Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation-related" for "mass transportation-related" and "public transportation" for "mass transportation".

Subsec. (a)(4)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation".

Subsec. (a)(4)(B), (C). Pub. L. 109–59, §3016(a)(4), (5), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "The Secretary shall establish an Industry Technical Panel composed of representatives of transportation suppliers and operators and others involved in technology development. A majority of the Panel members shall represent the supply industry. The Panel shall assist the Secretary in identifying priority technology development areas and in establishing guidelines for project development, project cost sharing, and project execution."

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 109–59, §3016(a)(6), added par. (6).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §3016(a)(7), substituted ", contract, cooperative agreement, or other agreement under subsection (a) or section 5312," for "or contract financed under subsection (a) of this section,".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §3016(b), added subsec. (c).

1998—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §3029(b)(6), substituted "subsections (d) and (h)(7) of section 5338" for "section 5338(g)(4)".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §3016, substituted "$3,000,000" for "$2,000,000".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

§5315. Private sector participation

(a) General Purposes.—In the interest of fulfilling the general purposes of this chapter under section 5301(b), the Secretary shall—

(1) better coordinate public and private sector-provided public transportation services;

(2) promote more effective utilization of private sector expertise, financing, and operational capacity to deliver costly and complex new fixed guideway capital projects; and

(3) promote transparency and public understanding of public-private partnerships affecting public transportation.

(b) Actions to Promote Better Coordination Between Public and Private Sector Providers of Public Transportation.—The Secretary shall—

(1) provide technical assistance to recipients of Federal transit grant assistance, at the request of a recipient, on practices and methods to best utilize private providers of public transportation; and

(2) educate recipients of Federal transit grant assistance on laws and regulations under this chapter that impact private providers of public transportation.

(c) Actions to Provide Technical Assistance for Alternative Project Delivery Methods.—Upon request by a sponsor of a new fixed guideway capital project, the Secretary shall—

(1) identify best practices for public-private partnerships models in the United States and in other countries;

(2) develop standard public-private partnership transaction model contracts; and

(3) perform financial assessments that include the calculation of public and private benefits of a proposed public-private partnership transaction.

(d) Rule of Construction.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to alter—

(1) the eligibilities, requirements, or priorities for assistance provided under this chapter; or

(2) the requirements of section 5306(a).

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 813; Pub. L. 104–287, §5(13), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3390; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3017(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 361; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(l), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 857; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3017, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1600; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20013(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 692; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3010(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1474.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5315(a)	49 App.:1625(a) (1st–3d sentences).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §29(a)–(c); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §6022, 105 Stat. 2185.
5315(b)	49 App.:1625(a) (last sentence).
5315(c)	49 App.:1625(c).
5315(d)	49 App.:1625(b).

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the word "conduct" is substituted for "administer" for consistency in this section.

In subsection (d), the word "department" is omitted for consistency in this section.

Pub. L. 104–287

This amends 49:5315(d), 5317(b)(5), and 5323(b)(1), (c), and (e) to correct erroneous cross-references.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–94 added subsec. (d).

2012—Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to national transit institute.

2005—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §3017(a), added subsecs. (a) and (b) and struck out former subsecs. (a) and (b), which related to establishment and duties of a national transit institute in subsec. (a) and delegation to the institute of the authority of the Secretary to develop and conduct educational and training programs related to mass transportation in subsec. (b).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–59, §3017(b), struck out "mass" after "public" in two places.

1998—Pub. L. 105–178, §3017(a)(1), as amended by Pub. L. 105–206 substituted "transit" for "mass transportation" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §3017(a)(2)(A), as amended by Pub. L. 105–206 substituted "national transit institute" for "national mass transportation institute" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 105–178, §3017(a)(2)(B), as amended by Pub. L. 105–206 inserted "and architectural design" before semicolon at end.

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 105–178, §3017(a)(2)(C), as amended by Pub. L. 105–206 substituted "delivering" for "carrying out".

Subsec. (a)(11). Pub. L. 105–178, §3017(a)(2)(D), as amended by Pub. L. 105–206 inserted ", construction management, insurance, and risk management" before semicolon at end.

Subsec. (a)(15), (16). Pub. L. 105–178, §3017(a)(2)(E)–(G), as amended by Pub. L. 105–206 added pars. (15) and (16).

1996—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–287 substituted "sections 5307 and 5309" for "sections 5304 and 5306".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–287 effective July 5, 1994, see section 8(1) of Pub. L. 104–287, set out as a note under section 5303 of this title.

Public-Private Partnership Procedures and Approaches

Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20013(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 692, provided that:

"(1) Identify impediments.—The Secretary shall—

"(A) except as provided in paragraph (6), identify any provisions of chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code, and any regulations or practices thereunder, that impede greater use of public-private partnerships and private investment in public transportation capital projects; and

"(B) develop and implement on a project basis procedures and approaches that—

"(i) address such impediments in a manner similar to the Special Experimental Project Number 15 of the Federal Highway Administration (commonly referred to as 'SEP-15'); and

"(ii) protect the public interest and any public investment in public transportation capital projects that involve public-private partnerships or private investment in public transportation capital projects.

"(2) Transparency.—The Secretary shall develop guidance to promote greater transparency and public access to public-private partnership agreements involving recipients of Federal assistance under chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code, including—

"(A) any conflict of interest involving any party involved in the public-private partnership;

"(B) tax and financing aspects related to a public-private partnership agreement;

"(C) changes in the workforce and wages, benefits, or rules as a result of a public-private partnership;

"(D) estimates of the revenue or savings the public-private partnership will produce for the private entity and public entity;

"(E) any impacts on other developments and transportation modes as a result of non-compete clauses contained in public-private partnership agreements; and

"(F) any other issues the Secretary believes will increase transparency of public-private partnership agreements and protect the public interest.

"(3) Assessment.—In developing and implementing the guidance under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall encourage project sponsors to conduct assessments to determine whether use of a public-private partnership represents a better public and financial benefit than a similar transaction using public funding or public project delivery.

"(4) Report.—Not later than 4 years after the date of enactment of this Act [see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of Title 23, Highways], the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the status of the procedures, approaches, and guidance developed and implemented under paragraphs (1) and (2).

"(5) Rulemaking.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue rules to carry out the procedures and approaches developed under paragraph (1).

"(6) Rule of construction.—Nothing in this subsection may be construed to allow the Secretary to waive any requirement under—

"(A) section 5333 of title 49, United States Code;

"(B) the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); or

"(C) any other provision of Federal law."

[§§5316, 5317. Repealed. Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20002(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 622]

Section 5316, added Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3018(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1601, related to job access and reverse commute formula grants.

A prior section 5316, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §338(c)(5), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 605, related to university research institutes, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5110(c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 444.

Section 5317, added Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3019(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1605, related to the New Freedom grant program to assist individuals with disabilities with public transportation.

A prior section 5317, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 815; Pub. L. 104–287, §5(14), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3390; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3029(b)(7), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 372, related to transportation centers, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5110(c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 444.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

§5318. Bus testing facility

(a) Facility.—The Secretary shall maintain one facility for testing a new bus model for maintainability, reliability, safety, performance (including braking performance), structural integrity, fuel economy, emissions, and noise.

(b) Operation and Maintenance.—The Secretary shall enter into a contract or cooperative agreement with, or make a grant to, a qualified person or organization to operate and maintain the facility. The contract, cooperative agreement, or grant may provide for the testing of rail cars and other public transportation vehicles at the facility.

(c) Fees.—The person operating and maintaining the facility shall establish and collect fees for the testing of vehicles at the facility. The Secretary must approve the fees.

(d) Availability of Amounts To Pay for Testing.—The Secretary shall enter into a contract or cooperative agreement with, or make a grant to, the operator of the facility under which the Secretary shall pay 80 percent of the cost of testing a vehicle at the facility from amounts available to carry out this section. The entity having the vehicle tested shall pay 20 percent of the cost.

(e) Acquiring New Bus Models.—

(1) In general.—Amounts appropriated or otherwise made available under this chapter may be obligated or expended to acquire a new bus model only if—

(A) a bus of that model has been tested at a facility authorized under subsection (a); and

(B) the bus tested under subparagraph (A) met—

(i) performance standards for maintainability, reliability, performance (including braking performance), structural integrity, fuel economy, emissions, and noise, as established by the Secretary by rule; and

(ii) the minimum safety performance standards established by the Secretary pursuant to section 5329(b).

(2) Bus test "pass/fail" standard.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, the Secretary shall issue a final rule under subparagraph (B)(i). The final rule issued under paragraph ¹ (B)(i) shall include a bus model scoring system that results in a weighted, aggregate score that uses the testing categories under subsection (a) and considers the relative importance of each such testing category. The final rule issued under subparagraph (B)(i) shall establish a "pass/fail" standard that uses the aggregate score described in the preceding sentence. Amounts appropriated or otherwise made available under this chapter may be obligated or expended to acquire a new bus model only if the new bus model has received a passing aggregate test score. The Secretary shall work with the bus testing facility, bus manufacturers, and transit agencies to develop the bus model scoring system under this paragraph. A passing aggregate test score under the rule issued under subparagraph (B)(i) indicates only that amounts appropriated or made available under this chapter may be obligated or expended to acquire a new bus model and shall not be interpreted as a warranty or guarantee that the new bus model will meet a purchaser's specific requirements.

(f) Capital Equipment.—A facility operated and maintained under this section may use funds made available under this section for the acquisition of equipment and capital projects related to testing new bus models.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 817; Pub. L. 103–429, §6(8), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4378; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §§3018, 3029(b)(8), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 361, 372; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §§3002(b)(4), 3020, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1545, 1608; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20014, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 694; Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30008, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 903.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5318(a)	49 App.:1608 (note).	Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §317(b)(1), 101 Stat. 233; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §6021(b), 105 Stat. 2184.
5318(b)	49 App.:1608 (note).	Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §317(b)(2), 101 Stat. 233.
5318(c)	49 App.:1608 (note).	Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §317(b)(3), 101 Stat. 233.
5318(d)	49 App.:1602(m) (2d–last sentences).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §3(m) (2d–last sentences); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3009, 105 Stat. 2093.
5318(e)	49 App.:1608 (note).	Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §317(b)(5), 101 Stat. 233; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §6021(c), 105 Stat. 2184.
	49 App.:1608 (note).	Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, 101 Stat. 132, §317(b)(6); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §6021(d), 105 Stat. 2184.

In subsection (c), the words "Under the contract entered into under paragraph (2)" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d), the words "to the operator of the facility" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (e), the text of section 317(b)(5) of the Surface Transportation and Relocation Assistance Act of 1987 (Public Law 100–17, 101 Stat. 132) is omitted as obsolete. The words "operating and maintaining the facility" are substituted for "described in paragraph (3)" for clarity.

Pub. L. 103–429

This amends 49:5318(e) to correct an erroneous cross-reference.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, referred to in subsec. (e)(2), is deemed to be Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 117–58 added subsec. (f).

2012—Pub. L. 112–141 added subsec. (e) and struck out former subsec. (e). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Amounts appropriated or made available under this chapter may be obligated or expended to acquire a new bus model only if a bus of that model has been tested at the facility maintained by the Secretary under subsection (a)."

2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §3020(a), amended heading and text of subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary of Transportation shall establish one facility for testing a new bus model for maintainability, reliability, safety, performance (including braking performance), structural integrity, fuel economy, emissions, and noise. The facility shall be established by renovating a facility built with assistance of the United States Government to train rail personnel."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–59, §3020(b), substituted "to carry out this section" for "under section 5309(m)(1)(C) of this title".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §3020(c), amended heading and text of subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary has a bus testing revolving loan fund consisting of amounts authorized for the fund under section 317(b)(5) of the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987. The Secretary shall make available as repayable advances from the fund to the person operating and maintaining the facility amounts to operate and maintain the facility."

1998—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §3018(a), substituted "enter into a contract or cooperative agreement with, or make a grant to," for "make a contract with" and inserted "or organization" after "qualified person", ", cooperative agreement, or grant" after "The contract", and "mass transportation" after "and other".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §§3018(b), 3029(b)(8), substituted "enter into a contract or cooperative agreement with, or make a grant to," for "make a contract with" and "5309(m)(1)(C) of this title" for "5338(j)(5) of this title".

1994—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–429 inserted "Uniform" before "Relocation".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–429 effective July 5, 1994, see section 9 of Pub. L. 103–429, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.

¹ So in original. Probably should be "subparagraph".

[§5319. Repealed. Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3030(c), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1497]

Section, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 818; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3019, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 362; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3002(b)(4), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1545; Pub. L. 110–244, title II, §201(h), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1610; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20030(c), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 730, made certain bicycle facilities eligible for assistance under sections 5307, 5309, and 5311 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

[§5320. Repealed. Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20002(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 622]

Section, added Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3021(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1608; amended Pub. L. 110–244, title II, §201(i), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1610, related to alternative transportation in parks and public lands.

A prior section 5320, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 818; Pub. L. 103–429, §6(9), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4379; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3009(h)(3)(A), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 356; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(h)(1), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 856, related to construction of a suspended light rail system technology pilot project, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3021(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1608.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

§5321. Crime prevention and security

The Secretary of Transportation may make capital grants from amounts available under section 5338 of this title to public transportation systems for crime prevention and security. This chapter does not prevent the financing of a project under this section when a local governmental authority other than the grant applicant has law enforcement responsibilities.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 820; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3002(b)(4), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1545.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5321	49 App.:1620.	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §24; added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §325, 101 Stat. 237.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2005—Pub. L. 109–59 substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Regulations

Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3028(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1624, required the Secretaries of Transportation and Homeland Security to issue jointly final regulations to establish the characteristics of and requirements for public transportation security grants not later than 180 days after Aug. 10, 2005.

Public Transportation Security

Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3028(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1624, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Not later than 45 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 10, 2005], the Secretary [of Transportation] shall execute an annex to the memorandum of understanding between the Secretary and the Secretary of Homeland Security, dated September 28, 2004, to define and clarify the respective roles and responsibilities of the Department of Transportation and the Department of Homeland Security relating to public transportation security.

"(2) Contents.—The annex to be executed under paragraph (1) shall—

"(A) establish a process to develop security standards for public transportation agencies;

"(B) create a method of direct coordination with public transportation agencies on security matters;

"(C) address any other issues determined to be appropriate by the Secretary and the Secretary of Homeland Security; and

"(D) include a formal and permanent mechanism to ensure coordination and involvement by the Department of Transportation, as appropriate, in public transportation security."

[§5322. Repealed. Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3030(d), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1497]

Section, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 820; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §§3002(b)(4), 3022, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1545, 1614; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20015, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 695, provided for programs that address human resource needs in public transportation activities.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

§5323. General provisions

(a) Interests in Property.—

(1) In general.—Financial assistance provided under this chapter to a State or a local governmental authority may be used to acquire an interest in, or to buy property of, a private company engaged in public transportation, for a capital project for property acquired from a private company engaged in public transportation after July 9, 1964, or to operate a public transportation facility or equipment in competition with, or in addition to, transportation service provided by an existing public transportation company, only if—

(A) the Secretary determines that such financial assistance is essential to a program of projects required under sections 5303, 5304, and 5306;

(B) the Secretary determines that the program provides for the participation of private companies engaged in public transportation to the maximum extent feasible; and

(C) just compensation under State or local law will be paid to the company for its franchise or property.

(2) Limitation.—A governmental authority may not use financial assistance of the United States Government to acquire land, equipment, or a facility used in public transportation from another governmental authority in the same geographic area.

(b) Relocation and Real Property Requirements.—The Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970 (42 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.) shall apply to financial assistance for capital projects under this chapter.

(c) Consideration of Economic, Social, and Environmental Interests.—

(1) Cooperation and consultation.—The Secretary shall cooperate and consult with the Secretary of the Interior and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency on each project that may have a substantial impact on the environment.

(2) Compliance with nepa.—The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) shall apply to financial assistance for capital projects under this chapter.

(d) Condition on Charter Bus Transportation Service.—

(1) Agreements.—Financial assistance under this chapter may be used to buy or operate a bus only if the applicant, governmental authority, or publicly owned operator that receives the assistance agrees that, except as provided in the agreement, the governmental authority or an operator of public transportation for the governmental authority will not provide charter bus transportation service outside the urban area in which it provides regularly scheduled public transportation service. An agreement shall provide for a fair arrangement the Secretary of Transportation considers appropriate to ensure that the assistance will not enable a governmental authority or an operator for a governmental authority to foreclose a private operator from providing intercity charter bus service if the private operator can provide the service.

(2) Violations.—

(A) Investigations.—On receiving a complaint about a violation of the agreement required under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall investigate and decide whether a violation has occurred.

(B) Enforcement of agreements.—If the Secretary decides that a violation has occurred, the Secretary shall correct the violation under terms of the agreement.

(C) Additional remedies.—In addition to any remedy specified in the agreement, the Secretary shall bar a recipient or an operator from receiving Federal transit assistance in an amount the Secretary considers appropriate if the Secretary finds a pattern of violations of the agreement.

(e) Bond Proceeds Eligible for Local Share.—

(1) Use as local matching funds.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a recipient of assistance under section 5307, 5309, or 5337 may use the proceeds from the issuance of revenue bonds as part of the local matching funds for a capital project.

(2) Maintenance of effort.—The Secretary shall approve of the use of the proceeds from the issuance of revenue bonds for the remainder of the net project cost only if the Secretary finds that the aggregate amount of financial support for public transportation in the urbanized area provided by the State and affected local governmental authorities during the next 3 fiscal years, as programmed in the State transportation improvement program under section 5304, is not less than the aggregate amount provided by the State and affected local governmental authorities in the urbanized area during the preceding 3 fiscal years.

(3) Debt service reserve.—The Secretary may reimburse an eligible recipient for deposits of bond proceeds in a debt service reserve that the recipient establishes pursuant to section 5302(4)(J) from amounts made available to the recipient under section 5309.

(f) Schoolbus Transportation.—

(1) Agreements.—Financial assistance under this chapter may be used for a capital project, or to operate public transportation equipment or a public transportation facility, only if the applicant agrees not to provide schoolbus transportation that exclusively transports students and school personnel in competition with a private schoolbus operator. This subsection does not apply—

(A) to an applicant that operates a school system in the area to be served and a separate and exclusive schoolbus program for the school system; and

(B) unless a private schoolbus operator can provide adequate transportation that complies with applicable safety standards at reasonable rates.

(2) Violations.—If the Secretary finds that an applicant, governmental authority, or publicly owned operator has violated the agreement required under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall bar a recipient or an operator from receiving Federal transit assistance in an amount the Secretary considers appropriate.

(g) Buying Buses Under Other Laws.—Subsections (d) and (f) of this section apply to financial assistance to buy a bus under sections 133 and 142 of title 23.

(h) Grant and Loan Prohibitions.—A grant or loan may not be used to—

(1) pay ordinary governmental or nonproject operating expenses;

(2) pay incremental costs of incorporating art or non-functional landscaping into facilities, including the costs of an artist on the design team; or

(3) support a procurement that uses an exclusionary or discriminatory specification.

(i) Government Share of Costs for Certain Projects.—

(1) Acquiring vehicles and vehicle-related equipment or facilities.—

(A) Vehicles.—A grant for a project to be assisted under this chapter that involves acquiring vehicles for purposes of complying with or maintaining compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.) or the Clean Air Act is for 85 percent of the net project cost.

(B) Vehicle-related equipment or facilities.—A grant for a project to be assisted under this chapter that involves acquiring vehicle-related equipment or facilities required by the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.) or vehicle-related equipment or facilities (including clean fuel or alternative fuel vehicle-related equipment or facilities) for purposes of complying with or maintaining compliance with the Clean Air Act, is for 90 percent of the net project cost of such equipment or facilities attributable to compliance with those Acts. The Secretary shall have discretion to determine, through practicable administrative procedures, the costs of such equipment or facilities attributable to compliance with those Acts.

(2) Costs incurred by providers of public transportation by vanpool.—

(A) Local matching share.—The local matching share provided by a recipient of assistance for a capital project under this chapter may include any amounts expended by a provider of public transportation by vanpool for the acquisition of rolling stock to be used by such provider in the recipient's service area, excluding any amounts the provider may have received in Federal, State, or local government assistance for such acquisition.

(B) Use of revenues.—A private provider of public transportation by vanpool may use revenues it receives in the provision of public transportation service in the service area of a recipient of assistance under this chapter that are in excess of the provider's operating costs for the purpose of acquiring rolling stock, if the private provider enters into a legally binding agreement with the recipient that requires the provider to use the rolling stock in the recipient's service area.

(C) Definitions.—In this paragraph, the following definitions apply:

(i) Private provider of public transportation by vanpool.—The term "private provider of public transportation by vanpool" means a private entity providing vanpool services in the service area of a recipient of assistance under this chapter using a commuter highway vehicle or vanpool vehicle.

(ii) Commuter highway vehicle; vanpool vehicle.—The term "commuter highway vehicle or vanpool vehicle" means any vehicle—

(I) the seating capacity of which is at least 6 adults (not including the driver); and

(II) at least 80 percent of the mileage use of which can be reasonably expected to be for the purposes of transporting commuters in connection with travel between their residences and their place of employment.

(j) Buy America.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary may obligate an amount that may be appropriated to carry out this chapter for a project only if the steel, iron, and manufactured goods used in the project are produced in the United States.

(2) Waiver.—The Secretary may waive paragraph (1) of this subsection if the Secretary finds that—

(A) applying paragraph (1) would be inconsistent with the public interest;

(B) the steel, iron, and goods produced in the United States are not produced in a sufficient and reasonably available amount or are not of a satisfactory quality;

(C) when procuring rolling stock (including train control, communication, traction power equipment, and rolling stock prototypes) under this chapter—

(i) the cost of components and subcomponents produced in the United States—

(I) for fiscal years 2016 and 2017, is more than 60 percent of the cost of all components of the rolling stock;

(II) for fiscal years 2018 and 2019, is more than 65 percent of the cost of all components of the rolling stock; and

(III) for fiscal year 2020 and each fiscal year thereafter, is more than 70 percent of the cost of all components of the rolling stock; and

(ii) final assembly of the rolling stock has occurred in the United States; or

(D) including domestic material will increase the cost of the overall project by more than 25 percent.

(3) Written waiver determination and annual report.—

(A) Written determination.—Before issuing a waiver under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall—

(i) publish in the Federal Register and make publicly available in an easily identifiable location on the website of the Department of Transportation a detailed written explanation of the waiver determination; and

(ii) provide the public with a reasonable period of time for notice and comment.

(B) Annual report.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report listing any waiver issued under paragraph (2) during the preceding year.

(4) Labor costs for final assembly.—In this subsection, labor costs involved in final assembly are not included in calculating the cost of components.

(5) Rolling stock frames or car shells.—In carrying out paragraph (2)(C) in the case of a rolling stock procurement receiving assistance under this chapter in which the average cost of a rolling stock vehicle in the procurement is more than $300,000, if rolling stock frames or car shells are not produced in the United States, the Secretary shall include in the calculation of the domestic content of the rolling stock the cost of steel or iron that is produced in the United States and used in the rolling stock frames or car shells.

(6) Certification of domestic supply and disclosure.—

(A) Certification of domestic supply.—If the Secretary denies an application for a waiver under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall provide to the applicant a written certification that—

(i) the steel, iron, or manufactured goods, as applicable, (referred to in this subparagraph as the "item") is produced in the United States in a sufficient and reasonably available amount;

(ii) the item produced in the United States is of a satisfactory quality; and

(iii) includes a list of known manufacturers in the United States from which the item can be obtained.

(B) Disclosure.—The Secretary shall disclose the waiver denial and the written certification to the public in an easily identifiable location on the website of the Department of Transportation.

(7) Waiver prohibited.—The Secretary may not make a waiver under paragraph (2) of this subsection for goods produced in a foreign country if the Secretary, in consultation with the United States Trade Representative, decides that the government of that foreign country—

(A) has an agreement with the United States Government under which the Secretary has waived the requirement of this subsection; and

(B) has violated the agreement by discriminating against goods to which this subsection applies that are produced in the United States and to which the agreement applies.

(8) Penalty for mislabeling and misrepresentation.—A person is ineligible under subpart 9.4 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation, or any successor thereto, to receive a contract or subcontract made with amounts authorized under the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015 if a court or department, agency, or instrumentality of the Government decides the person intentionally—

(A) affixed a "Made in America" label, or a label with an inscription having the same meaning, to goods sold in or shipped to the United States that are used in a project to which this subsection applies but not produced in the United States; or

(B) represented that goods described in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph were produced in the United States.

(9) State requirements.—The Secretary may not impose any limitation on assistance provided under this chapter that restricts a State from imposing more stringent requirements than this subsection on the use of articles, materials, and supplies mined, produced, or manufactured in foreign countries in projects carried out with that assistance or restricts a recipient of that assistance from complying with those State-imposed requirements.

(10) Opportunity to correct inadvertent error.—The Secretary may allow a manufacturer or supplier of steel, iron, or manufactured goods to correct after bid opening any certification of noncompliance or failure to properly complete the certification (but not including failure to sign the certification) under this subsection if such manufacturer or supplier attests under penalty of perjury that such manufacturer or supplier submitted an incorrect certification as a result of an inadvertent or clerical error. The burden of establishing inadvertent or clerical error is on the manufacturer or supplier.

(11) Administrative review.—A party adversely affected by an agency action under this subsection shall have the right to seek review under section 702 of title 5.

(12) Steel and iron.—For purposes of this subsection, steel and iron meeting the requirements of section 661.5(b) of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations may be considered produced in the United States.

(13) Definition of small purchase.—For purposes of determining whether a purchase qualifies for a general public interest waiver under paragraph (2)(A) of this subsection, including under any regulation promulgated under that paragraph, the term "small purchase" means a purchase of not more than $150,000.

(k) Participation of Governmental Agencies in Design and Delivery of Transportation Services.—Governmental agencies and nonprofit organizations that receive assistance from Government sources (other than the Department of Transportation) for nonemergency transportation services shall—

(1) participate and coordinate with recipients of assistance under this chapter in the design and delivery of transportation services; and

(2) be included in the planning for those services.

(l) Relationship to Other Laws.—

(1) Fraud and false statements.—Section 1001 of title 18 applies to a certificate, submission, or statement provided under this chapter. The Secretary may terminate financial assistance under this chapter and seek reimbursement directly, or by offsetting amounts, available under this chapter if the Secretary determines that a recipient of such financial assistance has made a false or fraudulent statement or related act in connection with a Federal public transportation program.

(2) Political activities of nonsupervisory employees.—The provision of assistance under this chapter shall not be construed to require the application of chapter 15 of title 5 to any nonsupervisory employee of a public transportation system (or any other agency or entity performing related functions) to whom such chapter does not otherwise apply.

(m) Preaward and Postdelivery Review of Rolling Stock Purchases.—The Secretary shall prescribe regulations requiring a preaward and postdelivery review of a grant under this chapter to buy rolling stock to ensure compliance with Government motor vehicle safety requirements, subsection (j) of this section, and bid specifications requirements of grant recipients under this chapter. Under this subsection, independent inspections and review are required, and a manufacturer certification is not sufficient. Rolling stock procurements of 20 vehicles or fewer made for the purpose of serving rural areas and urbanized areas with populations of 200,000 or fewer shall be subject to the same requirements as established for procurements of 10 or fewer buses under the post-delivery purchaser's requirements certification process under section 663.37(c) of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.

(n) Submission of Certifications.—A certification required under this chapter and any additional certification or assurance required by law or regulation to be submitted to the Secretary may be consolidated into a single document to be submitted annually as part of a grant application under this chapter. The Secretary shall publish annually a list of all certifications required under this chapter with the publication required under section 5336(d)(2).

(o) Grant Requirements.—The grant requirements under sections 5307, 5309, and 5337 apply to any project under this chapter that receives any assistance or other financing under chapter 6 (other than section 609) of title 23.

(p) Alternative Fueling Facilities.—A recipient of assistance under this chapter may allow the incidental use of federally funded alternative fueling facilities and equipment by nontransit public entities and private entities if—

(1) the incidental use does not interfere with the recipient's public transportation operations;

(2) all costs related to the incidental use are fully recaptured by the recipient from the nontransit public entity or private entity;

(3) the recipient uses revenues received from the incidental use in excess of costs for planning, capital, and operating expenses that are incurred in providing public transportation; and

(4) private entities pay all applicable excise taxes on fuel.

(q) Corridor Preservation.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary may assist a recipient in acquiring right-of-way before the completion of the environmental reviews for any project that may use the right-of-way if the acquisition is otherwise permitted under Federal law.

(2) Environmental reviews.—Right-of-way acquired under this subsection may not be developed in anticipation of the project until all required environmental reviews for the project have been completed.

(r) Reasonable Access to Public Transportation Facilities.—A recipient of assistance under this chapter may not deny reasonable access for a private intercity or charter transportation operator to federally funded public transportation facilities, including intermodal facilities, park and ride lots, and bus-only highway lanes. In determining reasonable access, capacity requirements of the recipient of assistance and the extent to which access would be detrimental to existing public transportation services must be considered.

(s) Value Capture Revenue Eligible for Local Share.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a recipient of assistance under this chapter may use the revenue generated from value capture financing mechanisms as local matching funds for capital projects and operating costs eligible under this chapter.

(t) Special Condition on Charter Bus Transportation Service.—If, in a fiscal year, the Secretary is prohibited by law from enforcing regulations related to charter bus service under part 604 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, for any transit agency that during fiscal year 2008 was both initially granted a 60-day period to come into compliance with such part 604, and then was subsequently granted an exception from such part—

(1) the transit agency shall be precluded from receiving its allocation of urbanized area formula grant funds for such fiscal year; and

(2) any amounts withheld pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be added to the amount that the Secretary may apportion under section 5336 in the following fiscal year.

(u) Limitation on Certain Rolling Stock Procurements.—

(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (5), financial assistance made available under this chapter shall not be used in awarding a contract or subcontract to an entity on or after the date of enactment of this subsection for the procurement of rolling stock for use in public transportation if the manufacturer of the rolling stock—

(A) is incorporated in or has manufacturing facilities in the United States; and

(B) is owned or controlled by, is a subsidiary of, or is otherwise related legally or financially to a corporation based in a country that—

(i) is identified as a nonmarket economy country (as defined in section 771(18) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1677(18))) as of the date of enactment of this subsection;

(ii) was identified by the United States Trade Representative in the most recent report required by section 182 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2242) as a foreign country included on the priority watch list defined in subsection (g)(3) of that section; and

(iii) is subject to monitoring by the Trade Representative under section 306 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2416).

(2) Exception.—For purposes of paragraph (1), the term "otherwise related legally or financially" does not include—

(A) a minority relationship or investment; or

(B) relationship with or investment in a subsidiary, joint venture, or other entity based in a country described in paragraph (1)(B) that does not export rolling stock or components of rolling stock for use in the United States.

(3) International agreements.—This subsection shall be applied in a manner consistent with the obligations of the United States under international agreements.

(4) Certification for rail rolling stock.—

(A) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (5), as a condition of financial assistance made available in a fiscal year under section 5337, a recipient that operates rail fixed guideway service shall certify in that fiscal year that the recipient will not award any contract or subcontract for the procurement of rail rolling stock for use in public transportation with a rail rolling stock manufacturer described in paragraph (1).

(B) Separate certification.—The certification required under this paragraph shall be in addition to any certification the Secretary establishes to ensure compliance with the requirements of paragraph (1).

(5) Special rules.—

(A) Parties to executed contracts.—This subsection, including the certification requirement under paragraph (4), shall not apply to the award of any contract or subcontract made by a public transportation agency with a rail rolling stock manufacturer described in paragraph (1) if the manufacturer and the public transportation agency have executed a contract for rail rolling stock before the date of enactment of this subsection.

(B) Rolling stock.—Except as provided in subparagraph (C) and for a contract or subcontract that is not described in subparagraph (A), this subsection, including the certification requirement under paragraph (4), shall not apply to the award of a contract or subcontract made by a public transportation agency with any rolling stock manufacturer for the 2-year period beginning on or after the date of enactment of this subsection.

(C) Exception.—Subparagraph (B) shall not apply to the award of a contract or subcontract made by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority.

(v) Cybersecurity Certification for Rail Rolling Stock and Operations.—

(1) Certification.—As a condition of financial assistance made available under this chapter, a recipient that operates a rail fixed guideway public transportation system shall certify that the recipient has established a process to develop, maintain, and execute a written plan for identifying and reducing cybersecurity risks.

(2) Compliance.—For the process required under paragraph (1), a recipient of assistance under this chapter shall—

(A) utilize the approach described by the voluntary standards and best practices developed under section 2(c)(15) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272(c)(15)), as applicable;

(B) identify hardware and software that the recipient determines should undergo third-party testing and analysis to mitigate cybersecurity risks, such as hardware or software for rail rolling stock under proposed procurements; and

(C) utilize the approach described in any voluntary standards and best practices for rail fixed guideway public transportation systems developed under the authority of the Secretary of Homeland Security, as applicable.

(3) Limitations on statutory construction.—Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to interfere with the authority of—

(A) the Secretary of Homeland Security to publish or ensure compliance with requirements or standards concerning cybersecurity for rail fixed guideway public transportation systems; or

(B) the Secretary of Transportation under section 5329 to address cybersecurity issues as those issues relate to the safety of rail fixed guideway public transportation systems.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 821; Pub. L. 103–429, §6(10), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4379; Pub. L. 104–287, §5(15), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3390; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3020, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 362; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §§3002(b)(4), 3023(a)–(i)(3), (j)–(m), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1545, 1615-1619; Pub. L. 110–244, title II, §201(j), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1611; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20016, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 697; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3011, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1474; Pub. L. 116–92, div. F, title LXXVI, §7613, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2314; Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §§30001(b)(2), 30010, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 890, 904.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5323(a)(1)	49 App.:1602(e).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §3(e), 78 Stat. 303; Sept. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89–562, §2(b)(1), 80 Stat. 716; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20(a), 81 Stat. 25; Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91–453, §2(1), 84 Stat. 962; Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §302(c), 92 Stat. 2737.
5323(a)(2)	49 App.:1608(e).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §12(e), (g); added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §308(d), 92 Stat. 2747.
5323(b)	49 App.:1602(d).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §3(d), 78 Stat. 303; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20(a), 81 Stat. 25; restated Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91–453, §2(2), 84 Stat. 964.
5323(c)	49 App.:1608(h)(1).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §12(h)(1); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §317(a), 101 Stat. 233.
5323(d)	49 App.:1602(f).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §3(f); added Jan. 4, 1974, Pub. L. 93–650, §1(a), 89 Stat. 2–1; Aug. 22, 1974, Pub. L. 93–383, §813(a), 88 Stat. 737; Nov. 26, 1974, Pub. L. 93–503, §109(b), 88 Stat. 1573.
5323(e)	49 App.:1608(g).
5323(f)	49 App.:1602(g).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §3(g); added Nov. 26, 1974, Pub. L. 93–503, §109(a), 88 Stat. 1572.
5323(g)	49 App.:1602a.	Aug. 13, 1973, Pub. L. 93–87, §164, 87 Stat. 281; Jan. 4, 1974, Pub. L. 93–650, §1(b), 89 Stat. 2–1; Aug. 22, 1974, Pub. L. 93–383, §813(b), 88 Stat. 737.
5323(h)	49 App.:1602(a)(2)(C).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §3(a)(2)(C), 78 Stat. 303; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20(a), 81 Stat. 25; Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91–453, §2(2), 84 Stat. 962; Nov. 26, 1974, Pub. L. 93–503, §§102, 104, 106, 88 Stat. 1566, 1571, 1572; restated Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §302(a), 92 Stat. 2736.
5323(i)	49 App.:1608(m).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §12(m); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3020, 105 Stat. 2110.
5323(j)(1)	23:101 (note).	Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §165(a) (related to the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964), 96 Stat. 2136; Mar. 9, 1984, Pub. L. 98–229, §10, 98 Stat. 57; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §1048(a), 105 Stat. 1999.
5323(j)(2)	23:101 (note).	Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §165(b) (related to the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964), 96 Stat. 2137; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §§133(a)(6), 337(a)(1), (b), (c), 101 Stat. 171, 241.
5323(j)(3)	23:101 (note).	Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §165(c) (related to the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964), 96 Stat. 2137.
5323(j)(4)	23:101 (note).	Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, 96 Stat. 2097, §165(g) (related to the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §1048(b), 105 Stat. 2000.
5323(j)(5)	23:101 (note).	Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, 96 Stat. 2097, §165(f) (related to the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §1048(b), 105 Stat. 1999.
5323(j)(6)	23:101 (note).	Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §165(d) (related to the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964), 96 Stat. 2137.
5323(j)(7)	23:101 (note).	Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, 96 Stat. 2097, §165(e) (related to the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §1048(b), 105 Stat. 1999.
5323(k)	49 App.:1607(q).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §8(q); added Oct. 6, 1992, Pub. L. 102–388, §502(i), 106 Stat. 1566.

In subsection (a)(1), before clause (A), the words "directly or indirectly", "any facilities or other", "reconstructing", and "for the purpose of providing by contract or otherwise" are omitted as surplus. In clause (C), the words "and adequate", "acquisition of", and "applicable" are omitted as surplus. In clause (D), the words "the requirements of" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (a)(2), the words "may not use" are substituted for "None of the provisions of this chapter shall be construed to authorize" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "the purpose of financing" are omitted as surplus.

In subsections (b)(1), (c), and (e), the words "except section 5307" are added for clarity because of 49 App.:1607a(e)(1), restated as section 5307(n)(2) of the revised title.

In subsection (b)(1), before clause (A), the word "reconstruction" is omitted as surplus. In clause (B), the words "in the matter" are omitted as surplus. In clause (C), the word "environmental" is substituted for "and its impact on the environment" to eliminate unnecessary words. In clause (D), the word "comprehensive" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(2), the word "description" is substituted for "statement" for clarity.

In subsections (d)–(f) and (h), the word "Federal" is omitted as surplus.

In subsections (d) and (f), the word "provide" is substituted for "engage in", and the word "transportation" is substituted for "operations", for consistency.

In subsection (d)(1), the words "with the Secretary", "and equitable", and "publicly and privately owned" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d)(2), the words "alleged", "take appropriate action to", "and conditions", and "for mass transportation facilities and equipment" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (e), the words "This subsection shall apply to" and "which is acquiring such buses" are omitted as surplus. The words "occurring on or after November 6, 1978" are omitted as executed. The words "In the case of" are omitted as surplus. The words "may include" are substituted for "the Secretary shall permit . . . to provide in advertising for bids for" to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (f)(1), before clause (A), the words "for use in providing public", "to any applicant for such assistance", and "and the Secretary" are omitted as surplus. The word "agrees" is substituted for "shall have first entered into an agreement that such applicant" to eliminate unnecessary words. In clause (A), the words "with respect to operation of a schoolbus program" are omitted as surplus.

Subsection (g) is substituted for 49 App.:1602a to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (j), the word "goods" is substituted for "products" for consistency.

In subsection (j)(1), the words "Notwithstanding any other provision of law" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (j)(2), before clause (A), the words "The Secretary of Transportation may waive" are substituted for "shall not apply" for clarity. In clause (B), the words "steel, iron, and goods" are substituted for "materials and products" for consistency. In clause (C), before subclause (i), the words "bus and other" are omitted as surplus. In subclauses (i) and (ii), the words "rolling stock" are substituted for "vehicle or equipment" for consistency. In clause (D), the word "contract" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (j)(4), before clause (A), the words "The Secretary of Transportation may not make a waiver under" are substituted for "shall not apply" for clarity. The words "government of a foreign country" are substituted for "foreign country", and the word "Government" is added, for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

In subsection (j)(5), before clause (A), the words "the debarment, suspension, and ineligibility procedures in" are omitted as surplus. The words "department, agency, or instrumentality of the Government" are substituted for "Federal agency" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the Code. In clause (A), the word "produced" is substituted for "made" for consistency.

In subsection (k), the word "statewide" is omitted as surplus.

Pub. L. 103–429, §6(10)(A)

This makes a clarifying amendment to the catchline for 49:5323(j).

Pub. L. 103–429, §6(10)(B)

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5323(l)	49 App.:1608(j).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §12(j), as added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §319, 101 Stat. 234.

The word "review" is substituted for "audit" for clarity. The words "buses and other" are omitted as surplus.

Pub. L. 104–287

This amends 49:5315(d), 5317(b)(5), and 5323(b)(1), (c), and (e) to correct erroneous cross-references.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 91–646, Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1894, which is classified principally to chapter 61 (§4601 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4601 of Title 42 and Tables.

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (i)(1), is Pub. L. 101–336, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 327, which is classified principally to chapter 126 (§12101 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12101 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Clean Air Act, referred to in subsec. (i)(1), is act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, 69 Stat. 322, which is classified generally to chapter 85 (§7401 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7401 of Title 42 and Tables.

The date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, referred to in subsec. (j)(3)(B), is deemed to be Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

The Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015, referred to in subsec. (j)(8), is title III of div. A of Pub. L. 114–94, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1446. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2015 Amendment note set out under section 5101 of this title and Tables.

The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (u)(1), (5), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 116–92, which was approved Dec. 20, 2019.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 117–58, §30001(b)(2), substituted "section 5302(4)(J)" for "section 5302(3)(J)".

Subsec. (u)(2). Pub. L. 117–58, §30010, added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "For purposes of paragraph (1), the term 'otherwise related legally or financially' does not include a minority relationship or investment."

2019—Subsecs. (u), (v). Pub. L. 116–92 added subsecs. (u) and (v).

2015—Subsec. (h)(2), (3). Pub. L. 114–94, §3011(1), added par. (2) and redesignated former par. (2) as (3).

Subsec. (j)(2)(C). Pub. L. 114–94, §3011(2)(A), added subpar. (C) and struck out former subpar. (C), which read as follows: "when procuring rolling stock (including train control, communication, and traction power equipment) under this chapter—

"(i) the cost of components and subcomponents produced in the United States is more than 60 percent of the cost of all components of the rolling stock; and

"(ii) final assembly of the rolling stock has occurred in the United States; or".

Subsec. (j)(5) to (11). Pub. L. 114–94, §3011(2)(B)–(D), added pars. (5) and (6), redesignated former pars. (5) to (9) as pars. (7) to (11), respectively, and in par. (8), substituted "Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015" for "Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012".

Subsec. (j)(12), (13). Pub. L. 114–94, §3011(2)(E), added pars. (12) and (13).

Subsec. (q)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, §3011(3), struck out at end "The Secretary may establish restrictions on such an acquisition as the Secretary determines to be necessary and appropriate."

Subsecs. (s), (t). Pub. L. 114–94, §3011(4), added subsecs. (s) and (t).

2012—Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to general provisions on assistance.

2008—Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 110–244 substituted "section 5336(d)(2)" for "section 5336(e)(2)".

2005—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §3023(a)(1), inserted heading and text of par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which authorized use of financial assistance provided under this chapter for certain purposes only if the Secretary finds the assistance is essential to a program of projects required under sections 5303–5306 of this title, the Secretary finds that the program, to the maximum extent feasible, provides for the participation of private companies, just compensation will be paid to the company for its franchise or property, and the Secretary of Labor certifies that the assistance complies with section 5333(b) of this title.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §3023(a)(2), inserted heading.

Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §3023(b), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (b) generally, substituting provisions relating to general requirements, notice, and application requirements, consisting of pars. (1) to (3), for provisions relating to application requirements and notice, consisting of pars. (1) and (2).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §3023(c), amended heading and text of subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Amounts appropriated or made available under this chapter after September 30, 1989, may be obligated or expended to acquire a new bus model only if a bus of the model has been tested at the facility established under section 5318 of this title."

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §3023(d)(1), inserted heading.

Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation" in two places.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §3023(d)(2), inserted heading and text of par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "On receiving a complaint about a violation of an agreement, the Secretary of Transportation shall investigate and decide whether a violation has occurred. If the Secretary decides that a violation has occurred, the Secretary shall correct the violation under terms of the agreement. In addition to a remedy specified in the agreement, the Secretary may bar a recipient under this subsection or an operator from receiving further assistance when the Secretary finds a continuing pattern of violations of the agreement."

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §3023(e), amended heading and text of subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The initial advertising by a State or local governmental authority for bids to acquire buses using financial assistance under this chapter may include passenger seat functional specifications that are at least equal to performance specifications the Secretary of Transportation prescribes. The specifications shall be based on a finding by the State or local governmental authority of local requirements for safety, comfort, maintenance, and life cycle costs."

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–59, §3023(f), in par. (1) inserted heading and realigned margins, added par. (2), and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "An applicant violating an agreement under this subsection may not receive other financial assistance under this chapter."

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation" in two places in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–59, §3023(g), substituted "133 and 142" for "103(e)(4) and 142(a) or (c)" in two places.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 109–59, §3023(h), substituted "Government's" for "Government" in subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted par. heading, inserted "or facilities" after "equipment" wherever appearing, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (j)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 109–59, §3023(i)(1), added par. (3) and redesignated former pars. (3) and (4) as (4) and (5), respectively. Former par. (5) redesignated (6).

Subsec. (j)(6). Pub. L. 109–59, §3023(i)(1)(A), (2), redesignated par. (5) as (6) and substituted "Federal Public Transportation Act of 2005" for "Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (Public Law 102–240, 105 Stat. 1914)" in introductory provisions. Former par. (6) redesignated (7).

Subsec. (j)(7), (8). Pub. L. 109–59, §3023(i)(1)(A), redesignated pars. (6) and (7) as (7) and (8), respectively.

Subsec. (j)(9). Pub. L. 109–59, §3023(i)(3), added par. (9).

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 109–59, §3023(j), amended heading and text of subsec. (l) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The planning and programming requirements of section 135 of title 23 apply to a grant made under sections 5307–5311 of this title."

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 109–59, §3023(k), inserted at end "Rolling stock procurements of 20 vehicles or fewer made for the purpose of serving other than urbanized areas and urbanized areas with populations of 200,000 or fewer shall be subject to the same requirements as established for procurements of 10 or fewer buses under the post-delivery purchaser's requirements certification process under section 663.37(c) of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations."

Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 109–59, §3023(l), substituted "chapter 6 (other than section 609) of title 23" for "the Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 1998".

Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 109–59, §3023(m), added subsec. (p).

1998—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §3020(a), substituted "Condition on Charter Bus Transportation Service" for "Buying and Operating Buses" in heading.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 105–178, §3020(c), amended heading and text of subsec. (i) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "A Government grant for a project to be assisted under this chapter that involves acquiring vehicle-related equipment required by the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.) or the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.) is for 90 percent of the net project cost of the equipment that is attributable to complying with those Acts. The Secretary of Transportation, through practicable administrative procedures, may determine the costs attributable to that equipment."

Subsec. (j)(7). Pub. L. 105–178, §3020(b), inserted heading and amended text of par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Not later than January 1, 1995, the Secretary of Transportation shall submit to Congress a report on purchases from foreign entities waived under paragraph (2) of this subsection in the fiscal years ending September 30, 1992, and September 30, 1993. The report shall indicate the dollar value of items for which waivers were granted."

Subsecs. (k) to (m). Pub. L. 105–178, §3020(d), added subsec. (k) and redesignated former subsecs. (k) and (l) as (l) and (m), respectively.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 105–178, §3020(e), added subsec. (n).

Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 105–178, §3020(f), added subsec. (o).

1996—Subsecs. (b)(1), (c), (e). Pub. L. 104–287 struck out "(except section 5307)" after "under this chapter".

1994—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 103–429, §6(10)(A), substituted "America" for "American" in heading.

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 103–429, §6(10)(B), added subsec. (l).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–287 effective July 5, 1994, see section 8(1) of Pub. L. 104–287, set out as a note under section 5303 of this title.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–429 effective July 5, 1994, see section 9 of Pub. L. 103–429, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.

Rulemaking

Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3023(i)(5), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1618, required the Secretary of Transportation to issue a final rule on implementation of the Buy America requirements of former subsec. (j) of this section no later than 180 days after Aug. 10, 2005.

Final Assembly of Buses

Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3035, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 387, required certain buses manufactured after Sept. 1, 1999, to conform with the Federal Transit Administration Guidance on Buy America Requirements, dated March 18, 1997.

§5324. Public transportation emergency relief program

(a) Definition.—In this section the following definitions shall apply:

(1) Eligible operating costs.—The term "eligible operating costs" means costs relating to—

(A) evacuation services;

(B) rescue operations;

(C) temporary public transportation service; or

(D) reestablishing, expanding, or relocating public transportation route service before, during, or after an emergency.

(2) Emergency.—The term "emergency" means a natural disaster affecting a wide area (such as a flood, hurricane, tidal wave, earthquake, severe storm, or landslide) or a catastrophic failure from any external cause, as a result of which—

(A) the Governor of a State has declared an emergency and the Secretary has concurred; or

(B) the President has declared a major disaster under section 401 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170).

(b) General Authority.—The Secretary may make grants and enter into contracts and other agreements (including agreements with departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the Government) for—

(1) capital projects to protect, repair, reconstruct, or replace equipment and facilities of a public transportation system operating in the United States or on an Indian reservation that the Secretary determines is in danger of suffering serious damage, or has suffered serious damage, as a result of an emergency; and

(2) eligible operating costs of public transportation equipment and facilities in an area directly affected by an emergency during—

(A) the 1-year period beginning on the date of a declaration described in subsection (a)(2); or

(B) if the Secretary determines there is a compelling need, the 2-year period beginning on the date of a declaration described in subsection (a)(2).

(c) Coordination of Emergency Funds.—

(1) Use of funds.—Funds appropriated to carry out this section shall be in addition to any other funds available under this chapter.

(2) No effect on other government activity.—The provision of funds under this section shall not affect the ability of any other agency of the Government, including the Federal Emergency Management Agency, or a State agency, a local governmental entity, organization, or person, to provide any other funds otherwise authorized by law.

(3) Notification.—The Secretary shall notify the Secretary of Homeland Security of the purpose and amount of any grant made or contract or other agreement entered into under this section.

(d) Grant Requirements.—A grant awarded under this section or under section 5307 or 5311 that is made to address an emergency defined under subsection (a)(2) shall be—

(1) subject to the terms and conditions the Secretary determines are necessary; and

(2) made only for expenses that are not reimbursed under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.).

(e) Government Share of Costs.—

(1) Capital projects and operating assistance.—A grant, contract, or other agreement for a capital project or eligible operating costs under this section shall be, at the option of the recipient, for not more than 80 percent of the net project cost, as determined by the Secretary.

(2) Non-federal share.—The remainder of the net project cost may be provided from an undistributed cash surplus, a replacement or depreciation cash fund or reserve, or new capital.

(3) Waiver.—The Secretary may waive, in whole or part, the non-Federal share required under—

(A) paragraph (2); or

(B) section 5307 or 5311, in the case of a grant made available under section 5307 or 5311, respectively, to address an emergency.

(f) Insurance.—Before receiving a grant under this section following an emergency, an applicant shall—

(1) submit to the Secretary documentation demonstrating proof of insurance required under Federal law for all structures related to the grant application; and

(2) certify to the Secretary that the applicant has insurance required under State law for all structures related to the grant application.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 824; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3024(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1619; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20017(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 703; Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30011, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 904.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5324(a)	49 App.:1606(a).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §7(a), 78 Stat. 305; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20(a), 81 Stat. 25.
5324(b)(1)	49 App.:1610(a) (last sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §14(a) (last sentence)–(c), 78 Stat. 308; Sept. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89–562, §2(a)(1), 80 Stat. 715; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20(a), 81 Stat. 25; restated Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91–453, §6, 84 Stat. 966.
5324(b)(2)	49 App.:1610(b).
5324(b)(3)	49 App.:1610(c).
5324(c)	49 App.:1608(d).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §12(d), 78 Stat. 307; Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, §1109, 79 Stat. 507; Sept. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89–562, §2(a)(1), 80 Stat. 715; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20(a), 81 Stat. 25; Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §308(c), 92 Stat. 2747.

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the word "provided" is substituted for "extended" for clarity. The words "to any project" are omitted as surplus. In clause (2), the words "available . . . displaced" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(1), the words "Health and Human Services" are substituted for "Health, Education, and Welfare" in section 14(a) (last sentence) of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 (Public Law 88–365, 78 Stat. 308) [subsequently changed to the Federal Transit Act by section 3003(a) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (Public Law 102–240, 105 Stat. 2087)] because of 20:3508(b).

In subsection (b)(2), before clause (A), the words "In carrying out section 5306 of this title" are added for clarity and consistency with subsections (b)(3) and (c) of this section. The word "detailed" is omitted as surplus. In clause (B), the words "should the proposal be implemented" are omitted as surplus. In clause (D), the words "which may be involved in the proposed project should it be implemented" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(3)(A), before clause (i), the word "financial" is added for clarity. The words "full and complete" are omitted as surplus. In clause (ii), the word "fair" is omitted as surplus. In clause (iii), the word "either" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(3)(B), the words "before the State or local agency pursuant to section 1602(d) of this Appendix" and "before the State or local public agency . . . to permit him" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c), the words "The Secretary of Transportation may not" are substituted for "None of the provisions of this chapter shall be construed to authorize the Secretary to" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "in any manner . . . mode of" and "rates, fares, tolls, rentals, or other . . . fixed or prescribed . . . by any local public or private transit agency" are omitted as surplus. The words "However, the Secretary may" are substituted for "but nothing in this subsection shall prevent the Secretary from taking such actions as may be necessary to" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "local governmental authority, corporation, or association" are substituted for "agency or agencies" for consistency with sections 5309 and 5310 of the revised title.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), is Pub. L. 93–288, May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 143, which is classified principally to chapter 68 (§5121 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5121 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 117–58 added subsec. (f).

2012—Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to special provisions for capital projects.

2005—Pub. L. 109–59 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section consisted of subsecs. (a) to (c) relating to requirements of a relocation program for families displaced by a project, consideration of economic, social, and environmental interests, and prohibition against regulating the operation of a mass transportation system for which a grant is made under section 5309 and regulating any charge for the system after a grant is made.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Memorandum of Agreement

Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20017(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 705, provided that:

"(1) Purposes.—The purposes of this subsection are—

"(A) to improve coordination between the Department of Transportation and the Department of Homeland Security; and

"(B) to expedite the provision of Federal assistance for public transportation systems for activities relating to a major disaster or emergency declared by the President under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) (referred to in this subsection as a 'major disaster or emergency').

"(2) Agreement.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of Title 23, Highways], the Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall enter into a memorandum of agreement to coordinate the roles and responsibilities of the Department of Transportation and the Department of Homeland Security in providing assistance for public transportation, including the provision of public transportation services and the repair and restoration of public transportation systems in areas for which the President has declared a major disaster or emergency.

"(3) Contents of agreement.—The memorandum of agreement required under paragraph (2) shall—

"(A) provide for improved coordination and expeditious use of public transportation, as appropriate, in response to and recovery from a major disaster or emergency;

"(B) establish procedures to address—

"(i) issues that have contributed to delays in the reimbursement of eligible transportation-related expenses relating to a major disaster or emergency;

"(ii) any challenges identified in the review under paragraph (4); and

"(iii) the coordination of assistance for public transportation provided under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act [42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.] and section 5324 of title 49, United States Code, as amended by this Act, as appropriate; and

"(C) provide for the development and distribution of clear guidelines for State, local, and tribal governments, including public transportation systems, relating to—

"(i) assistance available for public transportation systems for activities relating to a major disaster or emergency—

"(I) under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act;

"(II) under section 5324 of title 49, United States Code, as amended by this Act; and

"(III) from other sources, including other Federal agencies; and

"(ii) reimbursement procedures that speed the process of—

"(I) applying for assistance under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act and section 5324 of title 49, United States Code, as amended by this Act; and

"(II) distributing assistance for public transportation systems under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act and section 5324 of title 49, United States Code, as amended by this Act.

"(4) After action review.—Before entering into a memorandum of agreement under paragraph (2), the Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary of Homeland Security (acting through the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency), in consultation with State, local, and tribal governments (including public transportation systems) that have experienced a major disaster or emergency, shall review after action reports relating to major disasters, emergencies, and exercises, to identify areas where coordination between the Department of Transportation and the Department of Homeland Security and the provision of public transportation services should be improved.

"(5) Factors for declarations of major disasters and emergencies.—The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall make available to State, local, and tribal governments, including public transportation systems, a description of the factors that the President considers in declaring a major disaster or emergency, including any pre-disaster emergency declaration policies.

"(6) Briefings.—

"(A) Initial briefing.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall jointly brief the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate on the memorandum of agreement required under paragraph (2).

"(B) Quarterly briefings.—Each quarter of the 1-year period beginning on the date on which the Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary of Homeland Security enter into the memorandum of agreement required under paragraph (2), the Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall jointly brief the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate on the implementation of the memorandum of agreement."

§5325. Contract requirements

(a) Competition.—Recipients of assistance under this chapter shall conduct all procurement transactions in a manner that provides full and open competition as determined by the Secretary.

(b) Architectural, Engineering, and Design Contracts.—

(1) Procedures for awarding contract.—A contract or requirement for program management, architectural engineering, construction management, a feasibility study, and preliminary engineering, design, architectural, engineering, surveying, mapping, or related services for a project for which Federal assistance is provided under this chapter shall be awarded in the same way as a contract for architectural and engineering services is negotiated under chapter 11 of title 40 or an equivalent qualifications-based requirement of a State adopted before August 10, 2005.

(2) Additional requirements.—When awarding a contract described in paragraph (1), recipients of assistance under this chapter shall comply with the following requirements:

(A) Performance of audits.—Any contract or subcontract awarded under this chapter shall be performed and audited in compliance with cost principles contained in part 31 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation, or any successor thereto.

(B) Indirect cost rates.—A recipient of funds under a contract or subcontract awarded under this chapter shall accept indirect cost rates established in accordance with the Federal Acquisition Regulation for 1-year applicable accounting periods by a cognizant Federal or State government agency, if such rates are not currently under dispute.

(C) Application of rates.—After a firm's indirect cost rates are accepted under subparagraph (B), the recipient of the funds shall apply such rates for the purposes of contract estimation, negotiation, administration, reporting, and contract payment, and shall not be limited by administrative or de facto ceilings.

(D) Prenotification; confidentiality of data.—A recipient requesting or using the cost and rate data described in subparagraph (C) shall notify any affected firm before such request or use. Such data shall be confidential and shall not be accessible or provided by the group of agencies sharing cost data under this subparagraph, except by written permission of the audited firm. If prohibited by law, such cost and rate data shall not be disclosed under any circumstances.

(c) Efficient Procurement.—A recipient may award a procurement contract under this chapter to other than the lowest bidder if the award furthers an objective consistent with the purposes of this chapter, including improved long-term operating efficiency and lower long-term costs.

(d) Design-Build Projects.—

(1) Term defined.—In this subsection, the term "design-build project"—

(A) means a project under which a recipient enters into a contract with a seller, firm, or consortium of firms to design and build a public transportation system, or an operable segment of such system, that meets specific performance criteria; and

(B) may include an option to finance, or operate for a period of time, the system or segment or any combination of designing, building, operating, or maintaining such system or segment.

(2) Financial assistance for capital costs.—Federal financial assistance under this chapter may be provided for the capital costs of a design-build project after the recipient complies with Government requirements.

(e) Multiyear Rolling Stock.—

(1) Contracts.—A recipient procuring rolling stock with Government financial assistance under this chapter may make a multiyear contract to buy the rolling stock and replacement parts under which the recipient has an option to buy additional rolling stock or replacement parts for—

(A) not more than 5 years after the date of the original contract for bus procurements; and

(B) not more than 7 years after the date of the original contract for rail procurements, provided that such option does not allow for significant changes or alterations to the rolling stock.

(2) Cooperation among recipients.—The Secretary shall allow recipients to act on a cooperative basis to procure rolling stock in compliance with this subsection and other Government procurement requirements.

(f) Acquiring Rolling Stock.—A recipient of financial assistance under this chapter may enter into a contract to expend that assistance to acquire rolling stock—

(1) based on—

(A) initial capital costs; or

(B) performance, standardization, life cycle costs, and other factors; or

(2) with a party selected through a competitive procurement process.

(g) Examination of Records.—Upon request, the Secretary and the Comptroller General, or any of their representatives, shall have access to and the right to examine and inspect all records, documents, and papers, including contracts, related to a project for which a grant is made under this chapter.

(h) Grant Prohibition.—A grant awarded under this chapter or the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015 may not be used to support a procurement that uses an exclusionary or discriminatory specification.

(i) Bus Dealer Requirements.—No State law requiring buses to be purchased through in-State dealers shall apply to vehicles purchased with a grant under this chapter.

(j) Awards to Responsible Contractors.—

(1) In general.—Federal financial assistance under this chapter may be provided for contracts only if a recipient awards such contracts to responsible contractors possessing the ability to successfully perform under the terms and conditions of a proposed procurement.

(2) Criteria.—Before making an award to a contractor under paragraph (1), a recipient shall consider—

(A) the integrity of the contractor;

(B) the contractor's compliance with public policy;

(C) the contractor's past performance; and

(D) the contractor's financial and technical resources.

(k) Veterans Employment.—Recipients and subrecipients of Federal financial assistance under this chapter shall ensure that contractors working on a capital project funded using such assistance give a hiring preference, to the extent practicable, to veterans (as defined in section 2108 of title 5) who have the requisite skills and abilities to perform the construction work required under the contract. This subsection shall not be understood, construed or enforced in any manner that would require an employer to give a preference to any veteran over any equally qualified applicant who is a member of any racial or ethnic minority, female, an individual with a disability, or a former employee.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 825; Pub. L. 104–287, §5(16), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3390; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3022, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 363; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(n), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 857; Pub. L. 107–217, §3(n)(2), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1302; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3025(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1620; Pub. L. 110–244, title II, §201(k), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1611; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §§20018, 20030(d), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 706, 730; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3030(e), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1497.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5325(a)	49 App.:1608(b)(1).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §12(b)(1), 78 Stat. 306; Sept. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89–562, §2(a)(1), 80 Stat. 715; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20(a), 81 Stat. 25; Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §308(a)(1), 92 Stat. 2745.
5325(b)	49 App.:1608(b)(2).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §12(b)(2); added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §308(a)(2), 92 Stat. 2745; restated Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §308, 96 Stat. 2151.
5325(c)	49 App.:1608(b)(3).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §12(b)(3); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §315(a), 101 Stat. 232.
5325(d)	49 App.:1608(b)(4).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §12(b)(4); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §316, 101 Stat. 232.

In subsection (a), the words "reconstruction", "in furtherance of the purposes", "by applicants", "procedures as defined by the Secretary", "of the contracting parties", and "the operations or activities under" are omitted as surplus. The words "shall be made available to" are substituted for "shall . . . have access to", and the words "an officer or employee of the Secretary or Comptroller General" are substituted for "any of their duly authorized representatives", for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

Subsection (b) is substituted for 49 App.:1608(b)(2) for clarity. The text of 49 App.:1608(b)(2) (last sentence) is omitted as executed.

Pub. L. 104–287

This amends the catchline for 49:5325(d) to make a clarifying amendment.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015, referred to in subsec. (h), is title III of Pub. L. 114–94, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1446. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2015 Amendment note set out under section 5101 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 114–94, §3030(e)(1), struck out "at least two" after "allow".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 114–94, §3030(e)(2), substituted "Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015" for "Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012".

2012—Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 112–141, §20030(d), substituted "the Federal Acquisition Regulation, or any successor thereto" for "title 48, Code of Federal Regulations (commonly known as the Federal Acquisition Regulation)".

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 112–141, §20018(1), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "A recipient procuring rolling stock with Government financial assistance under this chapter may make a multiyear contract to buy the rolling stock and replacement parts under which the recipient has an option to buy additional rolling stock or replacement parts for not more than 5 years after the date of the original contract."

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 112–141, §20018(2), substituted "Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012" for "Federal Public Transportation Act of 2005".

Subsec. (j)(2)(C). Pub. L. 112–141, §20018(3), struck out ", including the performance reported in the Contractor Performance Assessment Reports required under section 5309(l)(2)" after "past performance".

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 112–141, §20018(4), added subsec. (k).

2008—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–244, §201(k)(1), inserted "adopted before August 10, 2005" before period at end.

Subsec. (b)(2), (3). Pub. L. 110–244, §201(k)(2), (3), redesignated par. (3) as (2) and struck out former par. (2). Text read as follows: "Paragraph (1) does not apply to the extent a State has adopted by law, before the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2005, an equivalent State qualifications-based requirement for contracting for architectural, engineering, and design services."

2005—Pub. L. 109–59 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section consisted of subsecs. (a) to (c) relating to noncompetitive bidding in subsec. (a), procedures for award of architectural, engineering, and design contracts in subsec. (b), and efficient procurement in subsec. (c).

2002—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–217 substituted "chapter 11 of title 40" for "title IX of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (40 U.S.C. 541 et seq.)".

1998—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §3022(b), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, inserted "or requirement" after "A contract" and "When awarding such contracts, recipients of assistance under this chapter shall maximize efficiencies of administration by accepting nondisputed audits conducted by other governmental agencies, as provided in subparagraphs (C) through (F) of section 112(b)(2) of title 23, United States Code." before "This subsection does not apply".

Pub. L. 105–178, §3022(a)(1), (2), redesignated subsec. (d) as (b) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (b). Text read as follows: "A recipient of financial assistance of the United States Government under this chapter may make a contract to expend that assistance to acquire rolling stock—

"(1) based on—

"(A) initial capital costs; or

"(B) performance, standardization, life cycle costs, and other factors; or

"(2) with a party selected through a competitive procurement process."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §3022(a)(1), (3), added subsec. (c) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (c). Text read as follows: "A recipient of a grant under section 5307 of this title procuring an associated capital maintenance item under section 5307(b) may make a contract directly with the original manufacturer or supplier of the item to be replaced, without receiving prior approval of the Secretary, if the recipient first certifies in writing to the Secretary that—

"(1) the manufacturer or supplier is the only source for the item; and

"(2) the price of the item is no more than the price similar customers pay for the item."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §3022(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (d) as (b).

1996—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–287 substituted "Architectural, Engineering, and Design Contracts" for "Management, Architectural, and Engineering Contracts" in heading.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–287 effective July 5, 1994, see section 8(1) of Pub. L. 104–287, set out as a note under section 5303 of this title.

Innovative Procurement

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3019, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1488, provided that:

"(a) Definition.—In this section, the term 'grantee' means a recipient or subrecipient of assistance under chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code.

"(b) Cooperative Procurement.—

"(1) Definitions; general rules.—

"(A) Definitions.—In this subsection—

"(i) the term 'cooperative procurement contract' means a contract—

     "(I) entered into between a State government or eligible nonprofit entity and 1 or more vendors; and

     "(II) under which the vendors agree to provide an option to purchase rolling stock and related equipment to multiple participants;

"(ii) the term 'eligible nonprofit entity' means—

     "(I) a nonprofit cooperative purchasing organization that is not a grantee; or

     "(II) a consortium of entities described in subclause (I);

"(iii) the terms 'lead nonprofit entity' and 'lead procurement agency' mean an eligible nonprofit entity or a State government, respectively, that acts in an administrative capacity on behalf of each participant in a cooperative procurement contract;

"(iv) the term 'participant' means a grantee that participates in a cooperative procurement contract; and

"(v) the term 'participate' means to purchase rolling stock and related equipment under a cooperative procurement contract using assistance provided under chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code.

"(B) General rules.—

"(i) Procurement not limited to intrastate participants.—A grantee may participate in a cooperative procurement contract without regard to whether the grantee is located in the same State as the parties to the contract.

"(ii) Voluntary participation.—Participation by grantees in a cooperative procurement contract shall be voluntary.

"(iii) Contract terms.—The lead procurement agency or lead nonprofit entity for a cooperative procurement contract shall develop the terms of the contract.

"(iv) Duration.—A cooperative procurement contract—

     "(I) subject to subclauses (II) and (III), may be for an initial term of not more than 2 years;

     "(II) may include not more than 3 optional extensions for terms of not more than 1 year each; and

     "(III) may be in effect for a total period of not more than 5 years, including each extension authorized under subclause (II).

"(v) Administrative expenses.—A lead procurement agency or lead nonprofit entity, as applicable, that enters into a cooperative procurement contract—

     "(I) may charge the participants in the contract for the cost of administering, planning, and providing technical assistance for the contract in an amount that is not more than 1 percent of the total value of the contract; and

     "(II) with respect to the cost described in subclause (I), may incorporate the cost into the price of the contract or directly charge the participants for the cost, but not both.

"(2) State cooperative procurement schedules.—

"(A) Authority.—A State government may enter into a cooperative procurement contract with 1 or more vendors if—

"(i) the vendors agree to provide an option to purchase rolling stock and related equipment to the State government and any other participant; and

"(ii) the State government acts throughout the term of the contract as the lead procurement agency.

"(B) Applicability of policies and procedures.—In procuring rolling stock and related equipment under a cooperative procurement contract under this subsection, a State government shall comply with the policies and procedures that apply to procurement by the State government when using non-Federal funds, to the extent that the policies and procedures are in conformance with applicable Federal law.

"(3) Pilot program for nonprofit cooperative procurements.—

"(A) Establishment.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall establish and carry out a pilot program to demonstrate the effectiveness of cooperative procurement contracts administered by eligible nonprofit entities.

"(B) Designation.—In carrying out the program under this paragraph, the Secretary shall designate not less than 3 eligible nonprofit entities to enter into a cooperative procurement contract under which the eligible nonprofit entity acts throughout the term of the contract as the lead nonprofit entity.

"(C) Notice of intent to participate.—At a time determined appropriate by the lead nonprofit entity, each participant in a cooperative procurement contract under this paragraph shall submit to the lead nonprofit entity a nonbinding notice of intent to participate.

"(4) Joint procurement clearinghouse.—

"(A) In general.—The Secretary shall establish a clearinghouse for the purpose of allowing grantees to aggregate planned rolling stock purchases and identify joint procurement participants.

"(B) Nonprofit consultation.—In establishing the clearinghouse under subparagraph (A), the Secretary may consult with nonprofit entities with expertise in public transportation or procurement, and other stakeholders as the Secretary determines appropriate.

"(C) Information on procurements.—The clearinghouse may include information on bus size, engine type, floor type, and any other attributes necessary to identify joint procurement participants.

"(D) Limitations.—

"(i) Access.—The clearinghouse shall only be accessible to the Federal Transit Administration, a nonprofit entity coordinating for such clearinghouse with the Secretary, and grantees.

"(ii) Participation.—No grantee shall be required to submit procurement information to the database.

"(c) Leasing Arrangements.—

"(1) Capital lease defined.—

"(A) In general.—In this subsection, the term 'capital lease' means any agreement under which a grantee acquires the right to use rolling stock or related equipment for a specified period of time, in exchange for a periodic payment.

"(B) Maintenance.—A capital lease may require that the lessor provide maintenance of the rolling stock or related equipment covered by the lease.

"(2) Program to support innovative leasing arrangements.—

"(A) Authority.—A grantee may use assistance provided under chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code, to enter into a capital lease if—

"(i) the rolling stock or related equipment covered under the lease is eligible for capital assistance under such chapter; and

"(ii) there is or will be no Federal interest in the rolling stock or related equipment covered under the lease as of the date on which the lease takes effect.

"(B) Grantee requirements.—A grantee that enters into a capital lease shall—

"(i) maintain an inventory of the rolling stock or related equipment acquired under the lease; and

"(ii) maintain on the accounting records of the grantee the liability of the grantee under the lease.

"(C) Eligible lease costs.—The costs for which a grantee may use assistance under chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code, with respect to a capital lease, include—

"(i) the cost of the rolling stock or related equipment;

"(ii) associated financing costs, including interest, legal fees, and financial advisor fees;

"(iii) ancillary costs such as delivery and installation charges; and

"(iv) maintenance costs.

"(D) Terms.—A grantee shall negotiate the terms of any lease agreement that the grantee enters into.

"(E) Applicability of procurement requirements.—

"(i) Lease requirements.—Part 639 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, or any successor regulation, and implementing guidance applicable to leasing shall not apply to a capital lease.

"(ii) Buy america.—The requirements under section 5323(j) of title 49, United States Code, shall apply to a capital lease.

"(3) Capital leasing of certain zero emission vehicle components.—

"(A) Definitions.—In this paragraph—

"(i) the term 'removable power source'—

     "(I) means a power source that is separately installed in, and removable from, a zero emission vehicle; and

     "(II) may include a battery, a fuel cell, an ultra-capacitor, or other advanced power source used in a zero emission vehicle; and

"(ii) the term 'zero emission vehicle' has the meaning given the term in section 5339(c) of title 49, United States Code.

"(B) Leased power sources.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for purposes of this subsection, the cost of a removable power source that is necessary for the operation of a zero emission vehicle shall not be treated as part of the cost of the vehicle if the removable power source is acquired using a capital lease.

"(C) Eligible capital lease.—A grantee may acquire a removable power source by itself through a capital lease.

"(D) Procurement regulations.—For purposes of this section, a removable power source shall be subject to section 200.88 of title 2, Code of Federal Regulations.

"(4) Reporting requirement.—Not later than 3 years after the date on which a grantee enters into a capital lease under this subsection, the grantee shall submit to the Secretary a report that contains—

"(A) an evaluation of the overall costs and benefits of leasing rolling stock; and

"(B) a comparison of the expected short-term and long-term maintenance costs of leasing versus buying rolling stock.

"(5) Report.—The Secretary shall make publicly available an annual report on this subsection for each fiscal year, not later than December 31 of the calendar year in which that fiscal year ends. The report shall include a detailed description of the activities carried out under this subsection, and evaluation of the program including the evaluation of the data reported in paragraph (4).

"(d) Buy America.—The requirements of section 5323(j) of title 49, United States Code, shall apply to all procurements under this section."

§5326. Transit asset management

(a) Definitions.—In this section the following definitions shall apply:

(1) Capital asset.—The term "capital asset" includes equipment, rolling stock, infrastructure, and facilities for use in public transportation and owned or leased by a recipient or subrecipient of Federal financial assistance under this chapter.

(2) Transit asset management plan.—The term "transit asset management plan" means a plan developed by a recipient of funding under this chapter that—

(A) includes, at a minimum, capital asset inventories and condition assessments, decision support tools, and investment prioritization; and

(B) the recipient certifies complies with the rule issued under this section.

(3) Transit asset management system.—The term "transit asset management system" means a strategic and systematic process of operating, maintaining, and improving public transportation capital assets effectively throughout the life cycle of such assets.

(b) Transit Asset Management System.—The Secretary shall establish and implement a national transit asset management system, which shall include—

(1) a definition of the term "state of good repair" that includes objective standards for measuring the condition of capital assets of recipients, including equipment, rolling stock, infrastructure, and facilities;

(2) a requirement that recipients and subrecipients of Federal financial assistance under this chapter develop a transit asset management plan;

(3) a requirement that each designated recipient of Federal financial assistance under this chapter report on the condition of the system of the recipient and provide a description of any change in condition since the last report;

(4) an analytical process or decision support tool for use by public transportation systems that—

(A) allows for the estimation of capital investment needs of such systems over time; and

(B) assists with asset investment prioritization by such systems; and

(5) technical assistance to recipients of Federal financial assistance under this chapter.

(c) Performance Measures and Targets.—

(1) In general.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, the Secretary shall issue a final rule to establish performance measures based on the state of good repair standards established under subsection (b)(1).

(2) Targets.—Not later than 3 months after the date on which the Secretary issues a final rule under paragraph (1), and each fiscal year thereafter, each recipient of Federal financial assistance under this chapter shall establish performance targets in relation to the performance measures established by the Secretary.

(3) Reports.—Each designated recipient of Federal financial assistance under this chapter shall submit to the Secretary an annual report that describes—

(A) the progress of the recipient during the fiscal year to which the report relates toward meeting the performance targets established under paragraph (2) for that fiscal year; and

(B) the performance targets established by the recipient for the subsequent fiscal year.

(d) Rulemaking.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, the Secretary shall issue a final rule to implement the transit asset management system described in subsection (b).

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20019, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 707.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, referred to in subsecs. (c)(1) and (d), is deemed to be Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Codification

Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20019, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 707, which directed that section 5326 of this title be amended generally, was executed by adding a new section 5326 to reflect the probable intent of Congress. A prior section 5326 was repealed by Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3025(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1622.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5326, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 826; Pub. L. 103–429, §6(11), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4379; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3023(a), (b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 364, related to turnkey system projects, acquisition of rolling stock, and procurement of associated capital maintenance items, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3025(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1622.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

§5327. Project management oversight

(a) Project Management Plan Requirements.—To receive Federal financial assistance for a major capital project for public transportation under this chapter or any other provision of Federal law, a recipient must prepare a project management plan approved by the Secretary and carry out the project in accordance with the project management plan. The plan shall provide for—

(1) adequate recipient staff organization with well-defined reporting relationships, statements of functional responsibilities, job descriptions, and job qualifications;

(2) a budget covering the project management organization, appropriate consultants, property acquisition, utility relocation, systems demonstration staff, audits, and miscellaneous payments the recipient may be prepared to justify;

(3) a construction schedule for the project;

(4) a document control procedure and recordkeeping system;

(5) a change order procedure that includes a documented, systematic approach to the handling of construction change orders;

(6) organizational structures, management skills, and staffing levels required throughout the construction phase;

(7) quality control and quality assurance functions, procedures, and responsibilities for construction, system installation, and integration of system components;

(8) material testing policies and procedures;

(9) internal plan implementation and reporting requirements;

(10) criteria and procedures to be used for testing the operational system or its major components;

(11) periodic updates of the plan, especially related to project budget and project schedule, financing, ridership estimates, and the status of local efforts to enhance ridership where ridership estimates partly depend on the success of those efforts;

(12) the recipient's commitment to submit a project budget and project schedule to the Secretary quarterly; and

(13) safety and security management.

(b) Plan Approval.—(1) The Secretary shall approve a plan not later than 60 days after it is submitted. If the approval cannot be completed within 60 days, the Secretary shall notify the recipient, explain the reasons for the delay, and estimate the additional time that will be required.

(2) The Secretary shall inform the recipient of the reasons when a plan is disapproved.

(c) Access to Sites and Records.—Each recipient of Federal financial assistance for public transportation under this chapter or any other provision of Federal law shall provide the Secretary and a contractor the Secretary chooses under section 5338(f) ¹ with access to the construction sites and records of the recipient when reasonably necessary.

(d) Regulations.—The Secretary shall prescribe regulations necessary to carry out this section. The regulations shall include—

(1) a definition of "major capital project" for section 5338(f) ¹ that excludes a project to acquire rolling stock or to maintain or rehabilitate a vehicle;

(2) a requirement that oversight—

(A) begin during the project development phase of a project, unless the Secretary finds it more appropriate to begin the oversight during another phase of the project, to maximize the transportation benefits and cost savings associated with project management oversight; and

(B) be limited to quarterly reviews of compliance by the recipient with the project management plan approved under subsection (b) unless the Secretary finds that the recipient requires more frequent oversight because the recipient has failed to meet the requirements of such plan and the project may be at risk of going over budget or becoming behind schedule; and

(3) a process for recipients that the Secretary has found require more frequent oversight to return to quarterly reviews for purposes of paragraph (2)(B).

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 826; Pub. L. 103–429, §6(12), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4379; Pub. L. 104–287, §5(17), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3390; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3024, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 364; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3026, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1622; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20020, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 708; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3012, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1475.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5327(a)	49 App.:1619(d), (e).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §23(b)–(g); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §324, 101 Stat. 236.
5327(b)	49 App.:1619(g).
5327(c)(1)	49 App.:1619(a).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §23(a); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §324, 101 Stat. 235; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3027, 105 Stat. 2115.
5327(c)(2)	49 App.:1619(h).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §23(h); added Nov. 21, 1989, Pub. L. 101–164, §340, 103 Stat. 1099.
5327(c)(3)	49 App.:1619(b).
5327(d)	49 App.:1619(c).
5327(e)	49 App.:1619(f).

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "as required in each case by the Secretary" are omitted as surplus. In clause (11), the words "such items as" and "where applicable" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c)(1), the words "Beginning October 1, 1987" are omitted as executed. The words "with any person" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c)(2), the words "In addition to the purposes provided for under subsection (a) of this section" and "with any person" are omitted as surplus. The cross-reference to paragraph (1) is not changed. The cross-reference in 49 App.:1619(h), the source provision being restated in this subsection, is no longer correct, but is apparently still meant to apply to funds made available under 49 App.:1619(a).

In subsection (e), before clause (1), the text of 49 App.:1619(f) (2d sentence) is omitted as executed. In clause (1), The words "vehicles or other" and "the performance of" are omitted as surplus.

Pub. L. 103–429

This amends 49:5327(c)(1) to correct an erroneous cross-reference.

Pub. L. 104–287

This amends 49:5327(c) to correct an erroneous cross-reference.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 5338, referred to in subsecs. (c) and (d)(1), was amended generally by Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30017, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 912. As amended, section 5338 no longer contains a subsec. (f). Provisions relating to oversight, formerly contained in section 5338(f), can be found elsewhere in section 5338.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–94, §3012(1), which directed substitution of section "5338(f)" for "section 5338(i)", was executed by substituting "section 5338(f)" for "section 5338(i)", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, §3012(2)(A)(i), which directed substitution of section 5338(f) for "section 5338(i)" without placing quotation marks around the language to be substituted, was executed by substituting "section 5338(f)" for "section 5338(i)", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (d)(2), (3). Pub. L. 114–94, §3012(2)(A)(ii), (B), added pars. (2) and (3) and struck out former par. (2), which read as follows: "a requirement that oversight begin during the project development phase of a project, unless the Secretary finds it more appropriate to begin the oversight during another phase of the project, to maximize the transportation benefits and cost savings associated with project management oversight."

2012—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–141, §20020(1)(A), in introductory provisions, substituted "Federal financial assistance for a major capital project for public transportation under this chapter or any other provision of Federal law, a recipient must prepare a project management plan approved by the Secretary and carry out the project in accordance with the project management plan" for "United States Government financial assistance for a major capital project under this chapter or the National Capital Transportation Act of 1969 (Public Law 91–143, 83 Stat. 320), a recipient must prepare and carry out a project management plan approved by the Secretary of Transportation".

Subsec. (a)(12). Pub. L. 112–141, §20020(1)(B), substituted "quarterly" for "each month".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 112–141, §20020(2), (3), added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which related to limitations.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 112–141, §20020(2), (4), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d) and struck out former subsec. (d) which related to access to sites and records.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 112–141, §20020(5)(A), substituted "section 5338(i)" for "subsection (c) of this section".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 112–141, §20020(5)(B), substituted "project development phase" for "preliminary engineering stage" and "another phase" for "another stage".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 112–141, §20020(4), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 112–141, §20020(2), struck out subsec. (f). Text read as follows: "A recipient of financial assistance for a project under this chapter with an estimated total cost of $1,000,000,000 or more shall submit to the Secretary an annual financial plan for the project. The plan shall be based on detailed annual estimates of the cost to complete the remaining elements of the project and on reasonable assumptions, as determined by the Secretary, of future increases in the cost to complete the project."

2005—Subsec. (a)(13). Pub. L. 109–59, §3026(a), added par. (13).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §3026(b), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) specified limitations on use of available amounts for certain purposes.

1998—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §3024(a), substituted "enter into contracts" for "make contracts" and inserted "and to provide technical assistance to correct deficiencies identified in compliance reviews and audits carried out under this section" before period at end of first sentence.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–178, §3024(b), added subsec. (f).

1996—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 104–287 substituted "to carry out a major project under section 5309" for "to carry out a major project under section 5307".

1994—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 103–429 substituted "section 5307, 5309, 5311, or 103(e)(4) or that Act" for "section 5307, 5309, 5311, or 103(e)(4) of that Act".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–287 effective July 5, 1994, see section 8(1) of Pub. L. 104–287, set out as a note under section 5303 of this title.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–429 effective July 5, 1994, see section 9 of Pub. L. 103–429, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.

Financing of Oversight Activities

Pub. L. 107–87, title III, §319, Dec. 18, 2001, 115 Stat. 858, provided that: "Beginning in fiscal year 2002 and thereafter, the Secretary may use up to 1 percent of the amounts made available to carry out 49 U.S.C. 5309 for oversight activities under 49 U.S.C. 5327."

¹ See References in Text note below.

[§5328. Repealed. Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20002(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 622]

Section, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 828; Pub. L. 104–205, title III, §336, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 2974; Pub. L. 104–287, §5(9), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3389; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3009(h)(2), (3)(B), (C), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 356; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(h)(2), (3), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 856; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3027, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1623, related to project review and advancement by the Secretary.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

§5329. Public transportation safety program

(a) Definition.—In this section, the term "recipient" means a State or local governmental authority, or any other operator of a public transportation system, that receives financial assistance under this chapter.

(b) National Public Transportation Safety Plan.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary shall create and implement a national public transportation safety plan to improve the safety of all public transportation systems that receive funding under this chapter.

(2) Contents of plan.—The national public transportation safety plan under paragraph (1) shall include—

(A) safety performance criteria for all modes of public transportation, or, in the case of a recipient receiving assistance under section 5307 that is serving an urbanized area with a population of 200,000 or more, safety performance measures, including measures related to the risk reduction program under subsection (d)(1)(I), for all modes of public transportation;

(B) the definition of the term "state of good repair" established under section 5326(b);

(C) minimum safety performance standards for public transportation vehicles used in revenue operations that—

(i) do not apply to rolling stock otherwise regulated by the Secretary or any other Federal agency; and

(ii) to the extent practicable, take into consideration—

(I) relevant recommendations of the National Transportation Safety Board;

(II) recommendations of, and best practices standards developed by, the public transportation industry; and

(III) innovations in driver assistance technologies and driver protection infrastructure, where appropriate, and a reduction in visibility impairments that contribute to pedestrian fatalities;

(D) in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, precautionary and reactive actions required to ensure public and personnel safety and health during an emergency (as defined in section 5324(a));

(E) minimum safety standards to ensure the safe operation of public transportation systems that—

(i) are not related to performance standards for public transportation vehicles developed under subparagraph (C); and

(ii) to the extent practicable, take into consideration—

(I) relevant recommendations of the National Transportation Safety Board;

(II) best practices standards developed by the public transportation industry;

(III) any minimum safety standards or performance criteria being implemented across the public transportation industry;

(IV) relevant recommendations from the report under section 3020 of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015; and

(V) any additional information that the Secretary determines necessary and appropriate;

(F) a public transportation safety certification training program, as described in subsection (c); and

(G) consideration, where appropriate, of performance-based and risk-based methodologies.

(3) Plan updates.—The Secretary shall update the national public transportation safety plan under paragraph (1) as necessary with respect to recipients receiving assistance under section 5307 that serve an urbanized area with a population of 200,000 or more.

(c) Public Transportation Safety Certification Training Program.—The Secretary shall establish a public transportation safety certification training program for Federal and State employees, or other designated personnel, who conduct safety audits and examinations of public transportation systems and employees of public transportation agencies directly responsible for safety oversight.

(d) Public Transportation Agency Safety Plan.—

(1) In general.—Each recipient or State, as described in paragraph (3), shall certify that the recipient or State has established a comprehensive agency safety plan that includes, at a minimum—

(A) a requirement that the board of directors (or equivalent entity) of the recipient approve, or, in the case of a recipient receiving assistance under section 5307 that is serving an urbanized area with a population of 200,000 or more, the safety committee of the entity established under paragraph (5), followed by the board of directors (or equivalent entity) of the recipient approve, the agency safety plan and any updates to the agency safety plan;

(B) for each recipient serving an urbanized area with a population of fewer than 200,000, a requirement that the agency safety plan be developed in cooperation with frontline employee representatives;

(C) methods for identifying and evaluating safety risks throughout all elements of the public transportation system of the recipient;

(D) strategies to minimize the exposure of the public, personnel, and property to hazards and unsafe conditions, and consistent with guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or a State health authority, minimize exposure to infectious diseases;

(E) a process and timeline for conducting an annual review and update of the safety plan of the recipient;

(F) performance targets based on—

(i) the safety performance criteria and state of good repair standards established under subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, of subsection (b)(2); or

(ii) in the case of a recipient receiving assistance under section 5307 that is serving an urbanized area with a population of 200,000 or more, safety performance measures established under the national public transportation safety plan, as described in subsection (b)(2)(A);

(G) assignment of an adequately trained safety officer who reports directly to the general manager, president, or equivalent officer of the recipient;

(H) a comprehensive staff training program for—

(i) the operations personnel and personnel directly responsible for safety of the recipient that includes—

(I) the completion of a safety training program; and

(II) continuing safety education and training; or

(ii) in the case of a recipient receiving assistance under section 5307 that is serving an urbanized area with a population of 200,000 or more, the operations and maintenance personnel and personnel directly responsible for safety of the recipient that includes—

(I) the completion of a safety training program;

(II) continuing safety education and training; and

(III) de-escalation training; and

(I) in the case of a recipient receiving assistance under section 5307 that is serving an urbanized area with a population of 200,000 or more, a risk reduction program for transit operations to improve safety by reducing the number and rates of accidents, injuries, and assaults on transit workers based on data submitted to the national transit database under section 5335, including—

(i) a reduction of vehicular and pedestrian accidents involving buses that includes measures to reduce visibility impairments for bus operators that contribute to accidents, including retrofits to buses in revenue service and specifications for future procurements that reduce visibility impairments; and

(ii) the mitigation of assaults on transit workers, including the deployment of assault mitigation infrastructure and technology on buses, including barriers to restrict the unwanted entry of individuals and objects into the workstations of bus operators when a risk analysis performed by the safety committee of the recipient established under paragraph (5) determines that such barriers or other measures would reduce assaults on transit workers and injuries to transit workers.

(2) Interim agency safety plan.—A system safety plan developed pursuant to part 659 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, shall remain in effect until such time as this subsection takes effect.

(3) Public transportation agency safety plan drafting and certification.—

(A) Section 5311.—For a recipient receiving assistance under section 5311, a State safety plan may be drafted and certified by the recipient or a State.

(B) Section 5307.—Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, the Secretary shall issue a rule designating recipients of assistance under section 5307 that are small public transportation providers or systems that may have their State safety plans drafted or certified by a State.

(4) Risk reduction performance targets.—

(A) In general.—The safety committee of a recipient receiving assistance under section 5307 that is serving an urbanized area with a population of 200,000 or more established under paragraph (5) shall establish performance targets for the risk reduction program required under paragraph (1)(I) using a 3-year rolling average of the data submitted by the recipient to the national transit database under section 5335.

(B) Safety set aside.—A recipient receiving assistance under section 5307 that is serving an urbanized area with a population of 200,000 or more shall allocate not less than 0.75 percent of those funds to safety-related projects eligible under section 5307.

(C) Failure to meet performance targets.—A recipient receiving assistance under section 5307 that is serving an urbanized area with a population of 200,000 or more that does not meet the performance targets established under subparagraph (A) shall allocate the amount made available in subparagraph (B) in the following fiscal year to projects described in subparagraph (D).

(D) Eligible projects.—Funds set aside under subparagraph (C) shall be used for projects that are reasonably likely to assist the recipient in meeting the performance targets established in subparagraph (A), including modifications to rolling stock and de-escalation training.

(5) Safety committee.—

(A) In general.—For purposes of this subsection, the safety committee of a recipient shall—

(i) be convened by a joint labor-management process;

(ii) consist of an equal number of—

(I) frontline employee representatives, selected by a labor organization representing the plurality of the frontline workforce employed by the recipient or, if applicable, a contractor to the recipient, to the extent frontline employees are represented by labor organizations; and

(II) management representatives; and

(iii) have, at a minimum, responsibility for—

(I) identifying and recommending risk-based mitigations or strategies necessary to reduce the likelihood and severity of consequences identified through the agency's safety risk assessment;

(II) identifying mitigations or strategies that may be ineffective, inappropriate, or were not implemented as intended; and

(III) identifying safety deficiencies for purposes of continuous improvement.

(B) Applicability.—This paragraph applies only to a recipient receiving assistance under section 5307 that is serving an urbanized area with a population of 200,000 or more.

(e) State Safety Oversight Program.—

(1) Applicability.—This subsection applies only to eligible States.

(2) Definition.—In this subsection, the term "eligible State" means a State that has—

(A) a rail fixed guideway public transportation system within the jurisdiction of the State that is not subject to regulation by the Federal Railroad Administration; or

(B) a rail fixed guideway public transportation system in the engineering or construction phase of development within the jurisdiction of the State that will not be subject to regulation by the Federal Railroad Administration.

(3) In general.—In order to obligate funds apportioned under section 5338 to carry out this chapter, effective 3 years after the date on which a final rule under this subsection becomes effective, an eligible State shall have in effect a State safety oversight program approved by the Secretary under which the State—

(A) assumes responsibility for overseeing rail fixed guideway public transportation safety;

(B) adopts and enforces Federal and relevant State laws on rail fixed guideway public transportation safety;

(C) establishes a State safety oversight agency;

(D) determines, in consultation with the Secretary, an appropriate staffing level for the State safety oversight agency that is commensurate with the number, size, and complexity of the rail fixed guideway public transportation systems in the eligible State;

(E) requires that employees and other designated personnel of the eligible State safety oversight agency who are responsible for rail fixed guideway public transportation safety oversight are qualified to perform such functions through appropriate training, including successful completion of the public transportation safety certification training program established under subsection (c); and

(F) prohibits any public transportation agency from providing funds to the State safety oversight agency or an entity designated by the eligible State as the State safety oversight agency under paragraph (4).

(4) State safety oversight agency.—

(A) In general.—Each State safety oversight program shall establish a State safety oversight agency that—

(i) is financially and legally independent from any public transportation entity that the State safety oversight agency oversees;

(ii) does not directly provide public transportation services in an area with a rail fixed guideway public transportation system subject to the requirements of this section;

(iii) does not employ any individual who is also responsible for the administration of rail fixed guideway public transportation programs subject to the requirements of this section;

(iv) has the authority to review, approve, oversee, and enforce the implementation by the rail fixed guideway public transportation agency of the public transportation agency safety plan required under subsection (d);

(v) has investigative, inspection, and enforcement authority with respect to the safety of rail fixed guideway public transportation systems of the eligible State;

(vi) audits, at least once triennially, the compliance of the rail fixed guideway public transportation systems in the eligible State subject to this subsection with the public transportation agency safety plan required under subsection (d); and

(vii) provides, at least once annually, a status report on the safety of the rail fixed guideway public transportation systems the State safety oversight agency oversees to—

(I) the Federal Transit Administration;

(II) the Governor of the eligible State; and

(III) the board of directors, or equivalent entity, of any rail fixed guideway public transportation system that the State safety oversight agency oversees.

(B) Waiver.—At the request of an eligible State, the Secretary may waive clauses (i) and (iii) of subparagraph (A) for eligible States with 1 or more rail fixed guideway systems in revenue operations, design, or construction, that—

(i) have fewer than 1,000,000 combined actual and projected rail fixed guideway revenue miles per year; or

(ii) provide fewer than 10,000,000 combined actual and projected unlinked passenger trips per year.

(5) Programs for multi-state rail fixed guideway public transportation systems.—An eligible State that has within the jurisdiction of the eligible State a rail fixed guideway public transportation system that operates in more than 1 eligible State shall—

(A) jointly with all other eligible States in which the rail fixed guideway public transportation system operates, ensure uniform safety standards and enforcement procedures that shall be in compliance with this section, and establish and implement a State safety oversight program approved by the Secretary; or

(B) jointly with all other eligible States in which the rail fixed guideway public transportation system operates, designate an entity having characteristics consistent with the characteristics described in paragraph (3) to carry out the State safety oversight program approved by the Secretary.

(6) Grants.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary shall make grants to eligible States to develop or carry out State safety oversight programs under this subsection. Grant funds may be used for program operational and administrative expenses, including employee training activities.

(B) Apportionment.—

(i) Formula.—The amount made available for State safety oversight under section 5336(h) shall be apportioned among eligible States under a formula to be established by the Secretary. Such formula shall take into account fixed guideway vehicle revenue miles, fixed guideway route miles, and fixed guideway vehicle passenger miles attributable to all rail fixed guideway systems not subject to regulation by the Federal Railroad Administration within each eligible State.

(ii) Administrative requirements.—Grant funds apportioned to States under this paragraph shall be subject to uniform administrative requirements for grants and cooperative agreements to State and local governments under part 18 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, and shall be subject to the requirements of this chapter as the Secretary determines appropriate.

(C) Government share.—

(i) In general.—The Government share of the reasonable cost of a State safety oversight program developed or carried out using a grant under this paragraph shall be 80 percent.

(ii) In-kind contributions.—Any calculation of the non-Government share of a State safety oversight program shall include in-kind contributions by an eligible State.

(iii) Non-government share.—The non-Government share of the cost of a State safety oversight program developed or carried out using a grant under this paragraph may not be met by—

(I) any Federal funds;

(II) any funds received from a public transportation agency; or

(III) any revenues earned by a public transportation agency.

(iv) Safety training program.—Recipients of funds made available to carry out sections 5307 and 5311 may use not more than 0.5 percent of their formula funds to pay not more than 80 percent of the cost of participation in the public transportation safety certification training program established under subsection (c), by an employee of a State safety oversight agency or a recipient who is directly responsible for safety oversight.

(7) Certification process.—

(A) In general.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, the Secretary shall determine whether or not each State safety oversight program meets the requirements of this subsection and the State safety oversight program is adequate to promote the purposes of this section.

(B) Issuance of certifications and denials.—The Secretary shall issue a certification to each eligible State that the Secretary determines under subparagraph (A) adequately meets the requirements of this subsection, and shall issue a denial of certification to each eligible State that the Secretary determines under subparagraph (A) does not adequately meet the requirements of this subsection.

(C) Disapproval.—If the Secretary determines that a State safety oversight program does not meet the requirements of this subsection and denies certification, the Secretary shall transmit to the eligible State a written explanation and allow the eligible State to modify and resubmit the State safety oversight program for approval.

(D) Failure to correct.—If the Secretary determines that a modification by an eligible State of the State safety oversight program is not sufficient to certify the program, the Secretary—

(i) shall notify the Governor of the eligible State of such denial of certification and failure to adequately modify the program, and shall request that the Governor take all possible actions to correct deficiencies in the program to ensure the certification of the program; and

(ii) may—

(I) withhold funds available under paragraph (6) in an amount determined by the Secretary;

(II) withhold not more than 5 percent of the amount required to be appropriated for use in a State or urbanized area in the State under section 5307 of this title, until the State safety oversight program has been certified; or

(III) require fixed guideway public transportation systems under such State safety oversight program to provide up to 100 percent of Federal assistance made available under this chapter only for safety-related improvements on such systems, until the State safety oversight program has been certified.

(8) Federal safety management.—

(A) In general.—If the Secretary determines that a State safety oversight program is not being carried out in accordance with this section, has become inadequate to ensure the enforcement of Federal safety regulation, or is incapable of providing adequate safety oversight consistent with the prevention of substantial risk of death, or personal injury, the Secretary shall administer the State safety oversight program until the eligible State develops a State safety oversight program certified by the Secretary in accordance with this subsection.

(B) Temporary federal oversight.—In making a determination under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall—

(i) transmit to the eligible State and affected recipient or recipients, a written explanation of the determination or subsequent finding, including any intention to withhold funding under this section, the amount of funds proposed to be withheld, and if applicable, a formal notice of a withdrawal of State safety oversight program approval; and

(ii) require the State to submit a State safety oversight program or modification for certification by the Secretary that meets the requirements of this subsection.

(C) Failure to correct.—If the Secretary determines in accordance with subparagraph (A), that a State safety oversight program or modification required pursuant to subparagraph (B)(ii), submitted by a State is not sufficient, the Secretary may—

(i) withhold funds available under paragraph (6) in an amount determined by the Secretary;

(ii) beginning 1 year after the date of the determination, withhold not more than 5 percent of the amount required to be appropriated for use in a State or an urbanized area in the State under section 5307, until the State safety oversight program or modification has been certified; and

(iii) use any other authorities authorized under this chapter considered necessary and appropriate.

(D) Administrative and oversight activities.—To carry out administrative and oversight activities authorized by this paragraph, the Secretary may use grant funds apportioned to an eligible State, under paragraph (6), to develop or carry out a State safety oversight program.

(9) Evaluation of program and annual report.—The Secretary shall continually evaluate the implementation of a State safety oversight program by a State safety oversight agency, and shall submit on or before July 1 of each year to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report on—

(A) the amount of funds apportioned to each eligible State; and

(B) the certification status of each State safety oversight program, including what steps a State program that has been denied certification must take in order to be certified.

(10) Federal oversight.—The Secretary shall—

(A) oversee the implementation of each State safety oversight program under this subsection;

(B) audit the operations of each State safety oversight agency at least once triennially; and

(C) issue rules to carry out this subsection.

(11) Effectiveness of enforcement authorities and practices.—The Secretary shall develop and disseminate to State safety oversight agencies the process and methodology that the Secretary will use to monitor the effectiveness of the enforcement authorities and practices of State safety oversight agencies.

(f) Authority of Secretary.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary may—

(1) conduct inspections, investigations, audits, examinations, and testing of the equipment, facilities, rolling stock, and operations of the public transportation system of a recipient;

(2) make reports and issue directives with respect to the safety of the public transportation system of a recipient or the public transportation industry generally;

(3) in conjunction with an accident investigation or an investigation into a pattern or practice of conduct that negatively affects public safety, issue a subpoena to, and take the deposition of, any employee of a recipient or a State safety oversight agency, if—

(A) before the issuance of the subpoena, the Secretary requests a determination by the Attorney General of the United States as to whether the subpoena will interfere with an ongoing criminal investigation; and

(B) the Attorney General—

(i) determines that the subpoena will not interfere with an ongoing criminal investigation; or

(ii) fails to make a determination under clause (i) before the date that is 30 days after the date on which the Secretary makes a request under subparagraph (A);

(4) require the production of documents by, and prescribe recordkeeping and reporting requirements for, a recipient or a State safety oversight agency;

(5) investigate public transportation accidents and incidents and provide guidance to recipients regarding prevention of accidents and incidents;

(6) at reasonable times and in a reasonable manner, enter and inspect equipment, facilities, rolling stock, operations, and relevant records of the public transportation system of a recipient; and

(7) issue rules to carry out this section.

(g) Enforcement Actions.—

(1) Types of enforcement actions.—The Secretary may take enforcement action against a recipient that does not comply with Federal law with respect to the safety of the public transportation system, including—

(A) issuing directives;

(B) requiring more frequent oversight of the recipient by a State safety oversight agency or the Secretary;

(C) imposing more frequent reporting requirements;

(D) requiring that any Federal financial assistance provided under this chapter be spent on correcting safety deficiencies identified by the Secretary or the State safety oversight agency before such funds are spent on other projects; and

(E) withholding not more than 25 percent of financial assistance under section 5307.

(2) Use or withholding of funds.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary may require the use of funds or withhold funds in accordance with paragraph (1)(D) or (1)(E) only if the Secretary finds that a recipient is engaged in a pattern or practice of serious safety violations or has otherwise refused to comply with Federal law relating to the safety of the public transportation system.

(B) Notice.—Before withholding funds from a recipient, the Secretary shall provide to the recipient—

(i) written notice of a violation and the amount proposed to be withheld; and

(ii) a reasonable period of time within which the recipient may address the violation or propose and initiate an alternative means of compliance that the Secretary determines is acceptable.

(h) Restrictions and Prohibitions.—

(1) Restrictions and prohibitions.—The Secretary shall issue restrictions and prohibitions by whatever means are determined necessary and appropriate, without regard to section 5334(c), if, through testing, inspection, investigation, audit, or research carried out under this chapter, the Secretary determines that an unsafe condition or practice, or a combination of unsafe conditions and practices, exist such that there is a substantial risk of death or personal injury.

(2) Notice.—The notice of restriction or prohibition shall describe the condition or practice, the subsequent risk and the standards and procedures required to address the restriction or prohibition.

(3) Continued authority.—Nothing in this subsection shall be construed as limiting the Secretary's authority to maintain a restriction or prohibition for as long as is necessary to ensure that the risk has been substantially addressed.

(i) Consultation by the Secretary of Homeland Security.—The Secretary of Homeland Security shall consult with the Secretary of Transportation before the Secretary of Homeland Security issues a rule or order that the Secretary of Transportation determines affects the safety of public transportation design, construction, or operations.

(j) Actions Under State Law.—

(1) Rule of construction.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to preempt an action under State law seeking damages for personal injury, death, or property damage alleging that a party has failed to comply with—

(A) a Federal standard of care established by a regulation or order issued by the Secretary under this section; or

(B) its own program, rule, or standard that it created pursuant to a rule or order issued by the Secretary.

(2) Effective date.—This subsection shall apply to any cause of action under State law arising from an event or activity occurring on or after the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012.

(3) Jurisdiction.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to create a cause of action under Federal law on behalf of an injured party or confer Federal question jurisdiction for a State law cause of action.

(k) Inspections.—

(1) Inspection access.—

(A) In general.—A State safety oversight program shall provide the State safety oversight agency established by the program with the authority and capability to enter the facilities of each rail fixed guideway public transportation system that the State safety oversight agency oversees to inspect infrastructure, equipment, records, personnel, and data, including the data that the rail fixed guideway public transportation agency collects when identifying and evaluating safety risks.

(B) Policies and procedures.—A State safety oversight agency, in consultation with each rail fixed guideway public transportation agency that the State safety oversight agency oversees, shall establish policies and procedures regarding the access of the State safety oversight agency to conduct inspections of the rail fixed guideway public transportation system, including access for inspections that occur without advance notice to the rail fixed guideway public transportation agency.

(2) Data collection.—

(A) In general.—A rail fixed guideway public transportation agency shall provide the applicable State safety oversight agency with the data that the rail fixed guideway public transportation agency collects when identifying and evaluating safety risks, in accordance with subparagraph (B).

(B) Policies and procedures.—A State safety oversight agency, in consultation with each rail fixed guideway public transportation agency that the State safety oversight agency oversees, shall establish policies and procedures for collecting data described in subparagraph (A) from a rail fixed guideway public transportation agency, including with respect to frequency of collection, that is commensurate with the size and complexity of the rail fixed guideway public transportation system.

(3) Incorporation.—Policies and procedures established under this subsection shall be incorporated into—

(A) the State safety oversight program standard adopted by a State safety oversight agency under section 674.27 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation); and

(B) the public transportation agency safety plan established by a rail fixed guideway public transportation agency under subsection (d).

(4) Assessment by secretary.—In assessing the capability of a State safety oversight agency to conduct inspections as required under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall ensure that—

(A) the inspection practices of the State safety oversight agency are commensurate with the number, size, and complexity of the rail fixed guideway public transportation systems that the State safety oversight agency oversees;

(B) the inspection program of the State safety oversight agency is risk-based; and

(C) the State safety oversight agency has sufficient resources to conduct the inspections.

(5) Special directive.—The Secretary shall issue a special directive to each State safety oversight agency on the development and implementation of risk-based inspection programs under this subsection.

(6) Enforcement.—The Secretary may use any authority under this section, including any enforcement action authorized under subsection (g), to ensure the compliance of a State safety oversight agency or State safety oversight program with this subsection.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 830; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3028(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1624; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20021(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 709; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3013, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1476; Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30012(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 904.)

Applicability of Amendment

Amendment of section by section 30012(a)(5) of div. C of Pub. L. 117—58 applicable with respect to a State safety oversight agency on and after the date that is 2 years after the date on which the Secretary of Transportation issues the special directive to the State safety oversight agency under subsec. (k)(5) of this section. See 2021 Amendment note below.

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5329(a)	49 App.:1618(a).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §22(a); added Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §318(b), 96 Stat. 2154; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3026(1), 105 Stat. 2114.
5329(b)	49 App.:1618(b).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §22(b); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3026(2), 105 Stat. 2114.

In subsection (a), the words "manner of" are omitted as surplus. The word "how" is substituted for "the means which might best be employed" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "or eliminating" and "from the local public body" are omitted as surplus. The words "a plan is approved and carried out" are substituted for "he approves such plan and the local public body implements such plan" to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (b)(1) and (2), the words "a description of" are added for clarity.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 3020 of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(D)(ii)(IV), is section 3020 of Pub. L. 114–94, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1491, which is not classified to the Code.

The date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, referred to in subsecs. (d)(2), (3)(B), (e)(7)(A), (j)(2), and (k), is deemed to be Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 117–58, §30012(a)(1)(A)(i), inserted ", or, in the case of a recipient receiving assistance under section 5307 that is serving an urbanized area with a population of 200,000 or more, safety performance measures, including measures related to the risk reduction program under subsection (d)(1)(I), for all modes of public transportation" after "public transportation".

Subsec. (b)(2)(C)(ii)(III). Pub. L. 117–58, §30012(a)(1)(A)(ii), added subcl. (III).

Subsec. (b)(2)(D) to (G). Pub. L. 117–58, §30012(a)(1)(A)(iii)–(vii), added subpars. (D) and (G), and redesignated former subpars. (D) and (E) as (E) and (F), respectively.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 117–58, §30012(a)(1)(B), added par. (3).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–58, §30012(a)(2), struck out par. (1) designation and heading and par. (2). Prior to amendment, text of par. (2) read as follows: "Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, the Secretary shall establish interim provisions for the certification and training of the personnel described in paragraph (1), which shall be in effect until the effective date of the final rule issued by the Secretary to implement this subsection."

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 117–58, §30012(a)(3)(A)(i), substituted "Each recipient" for "Effective 1 year after the effective date of a final rule issued by the Secretary to carry out this subsection, each recipient" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 117–58, §30012(a)(3)(A)(ii), inserted ", or, in the case of a recipient receiving assistance under section 5307 that is serving an urbanized area with a population of 200,000 or more, the safety committee of the entity established under paragraph (5), followed by the board of directors (or equivalent entity) of the recipient approve," after "recipient approve".

Subsec. (d)(1)(B) to (H). Pub. L. 117–58, §30012(a)(3)(A)(iii)–(viii), added subpar. (B) and redesignated former subpars. (B) to (G) as (C) to (H), respectively; in subpar. (D), inserted ", and consistent with guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or a State health authority, minimize exposure to infectious diseases" before semicolon at end; added subpar. (F) and struck out former subpar. (F), which related to perforamce targets; and added subpars. (H) and (I) and struck out former subpar. (H), which related to comprehensive staff training programs.

Subsec. (d)(4), (5). Pub. L. 117–58, §30012(a)(3)(B), added pars. (4) and (5).

Subsec. (e)(4)(A)(v). Pub. L. 117–58, §30012(a)(4)(A), inserted ", inspection," after "investigative".

Subsec. (e)(11). Pub. L. 117–58, §30012(a)(4)(B), added par. (11).

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 117–58, §30012(a)(5), added subsec. (k) and struck out former subsec. (k). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report that—

"(1) analyzes public transportation safety trends among the States and documents the most effective safety programs implemented using grants under this section; and

"(2) describes the effect on public transportation safety of activities carried out using grants under this section."

2015—Subsec. (b)(2)(D), (E). Pub. L. 114–94, §3013(1), added subpar. (D) and redesignated former subpar. (D) as (E).

Subsec. (e)(8) to (10). Pub. L. 114–94, §3013(2), added par. (8) and redesignated former pars. (8) and (9) as (9) and (10), respectively.

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 114–94, §3013(3), which directed insertion of "or the public transportation industry generally" after "recipients", was executed by making the insertion after "recipient", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, §3013(4)(A), substituted "a recipient" for "an eligible State, as defined in subsection (e)," in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (g)(1)(E). Pub. L. 114–94, §3013(4)(B)–(D), added subpar. (E).

Subsec. (g)(2)(A). Pub. L. 114–94, §3013(5), inserted "or withhold funds" after "use of funds" and "or (1)(E)" after "paragraph (1)(D)".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 114–94, §3013(6), added subsec. (h) and struck out former subsec. (h), which related to cost-benefit analysis.

2012—Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to investigations of safety hazards and security risks.

2005—Pub. L. 109–59 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions relating to investigations of safety hazards and security risks for provisions relating to investigation of safety hazards.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30012(b)(2), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 909, provided that: "Section 5329(k) of title 49, United States Code (as amended by subsection (a)), shall apply with respect to a State safety oversight agency on and after the date that is 2 years after the date on which the Secretary of Transportation issues the special directive to the State safety oversight agency under paragraph (5) of that section 5329(k)."

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Special Directive on Risk-Based Inspection Programs

Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30012(b)(1), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 909, provided that: "Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 15, 2021], the Secretary of Transportation shall issue each special directive required under section 5329(k)(5) of title 49, United States Code (as added by subsection (a))."

No Effect on Initial Certification Process

Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30012(c), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 909, provided that: "Nothing in this section [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] or the amendments made by this section affects the requirements for initial approval of a State safety oversight program, including the initial deadline, under section 5329(e)(3) of title 49, United States Code."

Improved Public Transportation Safety Measures

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3022, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1493, provided that:

"(a) Requirements.—Not later than 90 days after publication of the report required in section 3020, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall issue a notice of proposed rulemaking on protecting public transportation operators from the risk of assault.

"(b) Consideration.—In the proposed rulemaking, the Secretary shall consider—

"(1) different safety needs of drivers of different modes;

"(2) differences in operating environments;

"(3) the use of technology to mitigate driver assault risks;

"(4) existing experience, from both agencies and operators that already are using or testing driver assault mitigation infrastructure; and

"(5) the impact of the rule on future rolling stock procurements and vehicles currently in revenue service.

"(c) Savings Clause.—Nothing in this section may be construed as prohibiting the Secretary from issuing different comprehensive worker protections, including standards for mitigating assaults."

[§5330. Repealed. Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20030(e), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 731]

Section, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 831; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §§3002(b)(4), 3029(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1545, 1625, related to State safety oversight of certain rail fixed guideway public transportation systems.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20030(e), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 731, provided that the repeal of this section is effective 3 years after the effective date of the final rules issued by the Secretary of Transportation under section 5329(e) of this title. Such effective date is Apr. 15, 2016, see 81 F.R. 14230.

§5331. Alcohol and controlled substances testing

(a) Definitions.—In this section—

(1) "controlled substance" means any substance under section 102 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (21 U.S.C. 802) whose use the Secretary decides has a risk to transportation safety.

(2) "person" includes any entity organized or existing under the laws of the United States, a State, territory, or possession of the United States, or a foreign country.

(3) "public transportation" means any form of public transportation, except a form the Secretary decides is covered adequately, for employee alcohol and controlled substances testing purposes, under section 20140 or 31306 of this title or section 2303a, 7101(i), or 7302(e) of title 46. The Secretary may also decide that a form of public transportation is covered adequately, for employee alcohol and controlled substances testing purposes, under the alcohol and controlled substance statutes or regulations of an agency within the Department of Transportation or the Coast Guard.

(b) Testing Program for Public Transportation Employees.—(1)(A) In the interest of public transportation safety, the Secretary shall prescribe regulations that establish a program requiring public transportation operations that receive financial assistance under section 5307, 5309, or 5311 of this title to conduct preemployment, reasonable suspicion, random, and post-accident testing of public transportation employees responsible for safety-sensitive functions (as decided by the Secretary) for the use of a controlled substance in violation of law or a United States Government regulation, and to conduct reasonable suspicion, random, and post-accident testing of such employees for the use of alcohol in violation of law or a United States Government regulation. The regulations shall permit such operations to conduct preemployment testing of such employees for the use of alcohol.

(B) When the Secretary considers it appropriate in the interest of safety, the Secretary may prescribe regulations for conducting periodic recurring testing of public transportation employees responsible for safety-sensitive functions (as decided by the Secretary) for the use of alcohol or a controlled substance in violation of law or a Government regulation.

(2) In prescribing regulations under this subsection, the Secretary—

(A) shall require that post-accident testing of such a public transportation employee be conducted when loss of human life occurs in an accident involving public transportation; and

(B) may require that post-accident testing of such a public transportation employee be conducted when bodily injury or significant property damage occurs in any other serious accident involving public transportation.

(c) Disqualifications for Use.—(1) When the Secretary considers it appropriate, the Secretary shall require disqualification for an established period of time or dismissal of any employee referred to in subsection (b)(1) of this section who is found—

(A) to have used or been impaired by alcohol when on duty; or

(B) to have used a controlled substance, whether or not on duty, except as allowed for medical purposes by law or regulation.

(2) This section does not supersede any penalty applicable to a public transportation employee under another law.

(d) Testing and Laboratory Requirements.—In carrying out subsection (b) of this section, the Secretary shall develop requirements that shall—

(1) promote, to the maximum extent practicable, individual privacy in the collection of specimens;

(2) for laboratories and testing procedures for controlled substances, incorporate the Department of Health and Human Services scientific and technical guidelines dated April 11, 1988, and any amendments to those guidelines, including mandatory guidelines establishing—

(A) comprehensive standards for every aspect of laboratory controlled substances testing and laboratory procedures to be applied in carrying out this section, including standards requiring the use of the best available technology to ensure the complete reliability and accuracy of controlled substances tests and strict procedures governing the chain of custody of specimens collected for controlled substances testing;

(B) the minimum list of controlled substances for which individuals may be tested; and

(C) appropriate standards and procedures for periodic review of laboratories and criteria for certification and revocation of certification of laboratories to perform controlled substances testing in carrying out this section;

(3) require that a laboratory involved in controlled substances testing under this section have the capability and facility, at the laboratory, of performing screening and confirmation tests;

(4) provide that all tests indicating the use of alcohol or a controlled substance in violation of law or a Government regulation be confirmed by a scientifically recognized method of testing capable of providing quantitative information about alcohol or a controlled substance;

(5) provide that each specimen be subdivided, secured, and labeled in the presence of the tested individual and that a part of the specimen be retained in a secure manner to prevent the possibility of tampering, so that if the individual's confirmation test results are positive the individual has an opportunity to have the retained part tested by a 2d confirmation test done independently at another certified laboratory if the individual requests the 2d confirmation test not later than 3 days after being advised of the results of the first confirmation test;

(6) ensure appropriate safeguards for testing to detect and quantify alcohol in breath and body fluid samples, including urine and blood, through the development of regulations that may be necessary and in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services;

(7) provide for the confidentiality of test results and medical information (except information about alcohol or a controlled substance) of employees, except that this clause does not prevent the use of test results for the orderly imposition of appropriate sanctions under this section; and

(8) ensure that employees are selected for tests by nondiscriminatory and impartial methods, so that no employee is harassed by being treated differently from other employees in similar circumstances.

(e) Rehabilitation.—The Secretary shall prescribe regulations establishing requirements for rehabilitation programs that provide for the identification and opportunity for treatment of any public transportation employee referred to in subsection (b)(1) of this section who is found to have used alcohol or a controlled substance in violation of law or a Government regulation. The Secretary shall decide on the circumstances under which employees shall be required to participate in a program. This subsection does not prevent a public transportation operation from establishing a program under this section in cooperation with another public transportation operation.

(f) Relationship to Other Laws, Regulations, Standards, and Orders.—(1) A State or local government may not prescribe, issue, or continue in effect a law, regulation, standard, or order that is inconsistent with regulations prescribed under this section. However, a regulation prescribed under this section does not preempt a State criminal law that imposes sanctions for reckless conduct leading to loss of life, injury, or damage to property.

(2) In prescribing regulations under this section, the Secretary—

(A) shall establish only requirements that are consistent with international obligations of the United States; and

(B) shall consider applicable laws and regulations of foreign countries.

(g) Conditions on Federal Assistance.—

(1) Ineligibility for assistance.—A person that receives funds under this chapter is not eligible for financial assistance under section 5307, 5309, or 5311 of this title if the person is required, under regulations the Secretary prescribes under this section, to establish a program of alcohol and controlled substances testing and does not establish the program in accordance with this section.

(2) Additional remedies.—If the Secretary determines that a person that receives funds under this chapter is not in compliance with regulations prescribed under this section, the Secretary may bar the person from receiving Federal transit assistance in an amount the Secretary considers appropriate.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 832; Pub. L. 103–429, §6(13), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4379; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §342(a), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 608; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §§3002(b)(3), (4), 3030, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1545, 1625; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §§20022, 20030(f), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 717, 731.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5331(a)	49 App.:1618a(a).	Oct. 28, 1991, Pub. L. 102–143, §6, 105 Stat. 962.
5331(b)	49 App.:1618a(b).
5331(c)	49 App.:1618a(f).
5331(d)	49 App.:1618a(d).
5331(e)	49 App.:1618a(c).
5331(f)	49 App.:1618a(e).
5331(g)	49 App.:1618a(g).

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the text of 49 App.:1618a(a)(3) is omitted as surplus because the complete name of the Secretary of Transportation is used the first time the term appears in a section. In clause (3), the words "controlled substances" are substituted for "drug" for consistency in this section.

In subsection (b)(1)(B), the word "also" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(2)(B), the words "may require" are substituted for "as determined by the Secretary" for clarity and to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (d), the word "samples" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d)(2), before subclause (A), the word "subsequent" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d)(3), the words "of any individual" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d)(4), the words "by any individual" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d)(5), the word "tested" is substituted for "assayed" for consistency. The words "2d confirmation test" are substituted for "independent test" for clarity and consistency.

In subsection (d)(6), the word "Secretary" is substituted for "Department" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

In subsection (f)(1), the word "prescribe" is substituted for "adopt" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the Code. The word "rule" is omitted as being synonymous with "regulation". The word "ordinance" is omitted as being included in "law" and "regulation". The words "whether the provisions apply specifically to mass transportation employees, or to the general public" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (f)(3), the word "prevent" is substituted for "restrict the discretion of" to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (g) the words "in accordance with such regulations" are omitted as surplus.

Pub. L. 103–429

This amends 49:5331(a)(3) to correct an erroneous cross-reference.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2012—Pub. L. 112–141, §20030(f), substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 112–141, §20022, added subsec. (g) and struck out former subsec. (g). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "A person is not eligible for financial assistance under section 5307, 5309, or 5311 of this title if the person is required, under regulations the Secretary of Transportation prescribes under this section, to establish a program of alcohol and controlled substances testing and does not establish the program."

2005—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §3030(a), substituted "section 20140 or 31306 of this title or section 2303a, 7101(i), or 7302(e) of title 46" for "section 20140 or 31306 of this title" and inserted at end "The Secretary may also decide that a form of public transportation is covered adequately, for employee alcohol and controlled substances testing purposes, under the alcohol and controlled substance statutes or regulations of an agency within the Department of Transportation or the Coast Guard.".

Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation" in two places.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(3), substituted "Public" for "Mass" in heading.

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §3030(b), struck out "or section 103(e)(4) of title 23" after "5311 of this title".

Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation" wherever appearing.

Subsecs. (b)(1)(B), (2), (c)(2), (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §3030(c), struck out par. (3) which read as follows: "This section does not prevent the Secretary of Transportation from continuing in effect, amending, or further supplementing a regulation prescribed before October 28, 1991, governing the use of alcohol or a controlled substance by mass transportation employees."

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–59, §3030(b), struck out "or section 103(e)(4) of title 23" after "5311 of this title".

1995—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 104–59 added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: "In the interest of mass transportation safety, the Secretary of Transportation shall prescribe regulations not later than October 28, 1992, that establish a program requiring mass transportation operations that receive financial assistance under section 5307, 5309, or 5311 of this title or section 103(e)(4) of title 23 to conduct preemployment, reasonable suspicion, random, and post-accident testing of mass transportation employees responsible for safety-sensitive functions (as decided by the Secretary) for the use of alcohol or a controlled substance in violation of law or a United States Government regulation."

1994—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 103–429 substituted "section 20140 or 31306" for "subchapter III of chapter 201 or section 31306".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–429 effective July 5, 1994, see section 9 of Pub. L. 103–429, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.

§5332. Nondiscrimination

(a) Definition.—In this section, "person" includes a governmental authority, political subdivision, authority, legal representative, trust, unincorporated organization, trustee, trustee in bankruptcy, and receiver.

(b) Prohibitions.—A person may not be excluded from participating in, denied a benefit of, or discriminated against under, a project, program, or activity receiving financial assistance under this chapter because of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, disability, or age.

(c) Compliance.—(1) The Secretary shall take affirmative action to ensure compliance with subsection (b) of this section.

(2) When the Secretary decides that a person receiving financial assistance under this chapter is not complying with subsection (b) of this section, a civil rights law of the United States, or a regulation or order under that law, the Secretary shall notify the person of the decision and require action be taken to ensure compliance with subsection (b).

(d) Authority of Secretary for Noncompliance.—If a person does not comply with subsection (b) of this section within a reasonable time after receiving notice, the Secretary shall—

(1) direct that no further financial assistance of the United States Government under this chapter be provided to the person;

(2) refer the matter to the Attorney General with a recommendation that a civil action be brought;

(3) proceed under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.); or

(4) take any other action provided by law.

(e) Civil Actions by Attorney General.—The Attorney General may bring a civil action for appropriate relief when—

(1) a matter is referred to the Attorney General under subsection (d)(2) of this section; or

(2) the Attorney General believes a person is engaged in a pattern or practice in violation of this section.

(f) Application and Relationship to Other Laws.—This section applies to an employment or business opportunity and is in addition to title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.).

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 834; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §§20023(a), 20030(g), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 717, 731.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5332(a)	49 App.:1615(a)(5).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §19; added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §314, 92 Stat. 2750.
5332(b)	49 App.:1615(a)(1) (1st sentence).
5332(c)	49 App.:1615(a)(2), (3)(A).
5332(d)	49 App.:1615(a)(3)(B).
5332(e)	49 App.:1615(a)(4).
5332(f)	49 App.:1615(a)(1) (last sentence).

In subsection (a), the words "the term" and "one or more" are omitted as surplus. The words "partnerships, associations, corporations" and "mutual companies, joint-stock companies" are omitted because of 1:1.

In subsection (b), the word "receiving" is substituted for "funded in whole or in part through" to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (c)(2), the words "directly or indirectly", "issued", and "necessary" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d), before clause (1), the words "does not" are substituted for "fails or refuses to" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "period of" and "pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subsection" are omitted as surplus. In clause (2), the word "appropriate" is omitted as surplus. In clause (3), the words "proceed under" are substituted for "exercise the powers and functions provided by" to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (e), before clause (1), the words "in any appropriate district court of the United States" and "including injunctive relief" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (f), the words "considered to be" and "and not in lieu of" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Civil Rights Act of 1964, referred to in subsecs. (d)(3) and (f), is Pub. L. 88–352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241. Title VI of the Act is classified generally to subchapter V (§2000d et seq.) of chapter 21 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000a of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

2012—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–141, §20023(a)(1), substituted "religion" for "creed" and inserted "disability," after "sex,".

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 112–141, §20030(g), struck out "of Transportation" after "Secretary".

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 112–141, §20023(a)(2), substituted "or" for "and".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

§5333. Labor standards

(a) Prevailing Wages Requirement.—The Secretary of Transportation shall ensure that laborers and mechanics employed by contractors and subcontractors in construction work financed with a grant or loan under this chapter be paid wages not less than those prevailing on similar construction in the locality, as determined by the Secretary of Labor under sections 3141 through 3144, 3146, and 3147 of title 40. The Secretary of Transportation may approve a grant or loan only after being assured that required labor standards will be maintained on the construction work. For a labor standard under this subsection, the Secretary of Labor has the same duties and powers stated in Reorganization Plan No. 14 of 1950 (eff. May 24, 1950, 64 Stat. 1267) and section 3145 of title 40.

(b) Employee Protective Arrangements.—(1) As a condition of financial assistance under sections 5307–5312, 5316,¹ 5318, 5323(a)(1), 5323(b), 5323(d), 5328,¹ 5337, and 5338(b) of this title, the interests of employees affected by the assistance shall be protected under arrangements the Secretary of Labor concludes are fair and equitable. The agreement granting the assistance under sections 5307–5312, 5316,¹ 5318, 5323(a)(1), 5323(b), 5323(d), 5328,¹ 5337, and 5338(b) shall specify the arrangements.

(2) Arrangements under this subsection shall include provisions that may be necessary for—

(A) the preservation of rights, privileges, and benefits (including continuation of pension rights and benefits) under existing collective bargaining agreements or otherwise;

(B) the continuation of collective bargaining rights;

(C) the protection of individual employees against a worsening of their positions related to employment;

(D) assurances of employment to employees of acquired public transportation systems;

(E) assurances of priority of reemployment of employees whose employment is ended or who are laid off; and

(F) paid training or retraining programs.

(3) Arrangements under this subsection shall provide benefits at least equal to benefits established under section 11326 of this title.

(4) Fair and equitable arrangements to protect the interests of employees utilized by the Secretary of Labor for assistance to purchase like-kind equipment or facilities, and grant amendments which do not materially revise or amend existing assistance agreements, shall be certified without referral.

(5) When the Secretary is called upon to issue fair and equitable determinations involving assurances of employment when one private transit bus service contractor replaces another through competitive bidding, such decisions shall be based on the principles set forth in the Department of Labor's decision of September 21, 1994, as clarified by the supplemental ruling of November 7, 1994, with respect to grant NV–90–X021. This paragraph shall not serve as a basis for objections under section 215.3(d) of title 29, Code of Federal Regulations.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 835; Pub. L. 104–88, title III, §308(e), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 947; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3029(b)(9), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 372; Pub. L. 107–217, §3(n)(3), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1302; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §§3002(b)(4), 3031, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1545, 1625; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20030(h), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 731.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5333(a)	49 App.:1609(a), (b).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §13, 78 Stat. 307; Sept. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89–562, §2(a)(1), (b)(2), 80 Stat. 715, 716; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20(a), 81 Stat. 25.
5333(b)	49 App.:1609(c).

In subsection (a), the words "take such action as may be necessary to", "the performance of", "the assistance of", and "at rates" are omitted as surplus. The word "same" is added for clarity. The words "duties and powers" are substituted for "authority and functions" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

In subsection (b)(1), the reference to sections 5307, 5308, 5310, and 5311 of the revised title is added for clarity because of 49 App.:1607a(e)(1), 1607a–2(a), 1612(b), and 1614(f), restated as sections 5307(n)(2), 5308(b)(1), 5310(a), and 5311(i) of the revised title. The reference to section 5312 is added for clarity because it is intended that 49 App.:1609(c) cover research, development, training, and demonstration projects. The words "terms and conditions of the protective" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(2), before clause (A), the words "without being limited to" are omitted as being included in "include". The words "such provisions as may be necessary for" are omitted as surplus. In clause (C), the word "individual" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(3), the words "section 11347 of this title" are substituted for and coextensive with "section 5(2)(f) of the Act of February 4, 1887 (24 Stat. 379), as amended" in section 13(c) of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 (Public Law 88–365, 78 Stat. 307) on authority of section 3(b) of the Act of October 17, 1978 (Public Law 95–473, 92 Stat. 1466).

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Reorganization Plan No. 14 of 1950, referred to in subsec. (a), is set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Sections 5316 and 5328 of this title, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), were repealed by Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20002(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 622.

Amendments

2012—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–141 substituted "sections 3141 through 3144" for "sections 3141–3144".

2005—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §3031(1), substituted "5316, 5318, 5323(a)(1), 5323(b), 5323(d), 5328, 5337, and 5338(b)" for "5318(d), 5323(a)(1), (b), (d), and (e), 5328, 5337, and 5338(b)" in two places.

Subsec. (b)(2)(D). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation".

Subsec. (b)(4), (5). Pub. L. 109–59, §3031(2), added pars. (4) and (5).

2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–217 substituted "sections 3141–3144, 3146, and 3147 of title 40" for "the Act of March 3, 1931 (known as the Davis-Bacon Act) (40 U.S.C. 276a—276a–5)" and "section 3145 of title 40" for "section 2 of the Act of June 13, 1934 (40 U.S.C. 276c)".

1998—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–178 substituted "5338(b)" for "5338(j)(5)" in two places.

1995—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 104–88 substituted "11326" for "11347".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1995 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–88 effective Jan. 1, 1996, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1301 of this title.

¹ See References in Text note below.

§5334. Administrative provisions

(a) General Authority.—In carrying out this chapter, the Secretary of Transportation may—

(1) prescribe terms for a project that receives Federal financial assistance under this chapter (except terms the Secretary of Labor prescribes under section 5333(b) of this title);

(2) sue and be sued;

(3) foreclose on property or bring a civil action to protect or enforce a right conferred on the Secretary of Transportation by law or agreement;

(4) buy property related to a loan under this chapter;

(5) agree to pay an annual amount in place of a State or local tax on real property acquired or owned under this chapter;

(6) sell, exchange, or lease property, a security, or an obligation;

(7) obtain loss insurance for property and assets the Secretary of Transportation holds;

(8) consent to a modification in an agreement under this chapter;

(9) include in an agreement or instrument under this chapter a covenant or term the Secretary of Transportation considers necessary to carry out this chapter;

(10) collect fees to cover the costs of training or conferences, including costs of promotional materials, sponsored by the Federal Transit Administration to promote public transportation and credit amounts collected to the appropriation concerned; and

(11) issue regulations as necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter.

(b) Prohibitions Against Regulating Operations and Charges.—

(1) In general.—Except for purposes of national defense or in the event of a national or regional emergency, or for purposes of establishing and enforcing a program to improve the safety of public transportation systems in the United States as described in section 5329, the Secretary may not regulate the operation, routes, or schedules of a public transportation system for which a grant is made under this chapter. The Secretary may not regulate the rates, fares, tolls, rentals, or other charges prescribed by any provider of public transportation.

(2) Limitation on statutory construction.—Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prevent the Secretary from requiring a recipient of funds under this chapter to comply with the terms and conditions of its Federal assistance agreement.

(c) Procedures for Prescribing Regulations.—(1) The Secretary shall prepare an agenda listing all areas in which the Secretary intends to propose regulations governing activities under this chapter within the following 12 months. The Secretary shall publish the proposed agenda in the Federal Register as part of the Secretary's semiannual regulatory agenda that lists regulatory activities of the Federal Transit Administration. The Secretary shall submit the agenda to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives on the day the agenda is published.

(2) Except for emergency regulations, the Secretary shall give interested parties at least 60 days to participate in a regulatory proceeding under this chapter by submitting written information, views, or arguments, with or without an oral presentation, except when the Secretary for good cause finds that public notice and comment are unnecessary because of the routine nature or insignificant impact of the regulation or that an emergency regulation should be issued. The Secretary may extend the 60-day period if the Secretary decides the period is insufficient to allow diligent individuals to prepare comments or that other circumstances justify an extension.

(3) An emergency regulation ends 120 days after it is issued.

(4) The Secretary shall comply with this subsection when proposing or carrying out a regulation governing an activity under this chapter, except for a routine matter or a matter with no significant impact.

(d) Budget Program and Set of Accounts.—The Secretary shall—

(1) submit each year a budget program as provided in section 9103 of title 31; and

(2) maintain a set of accounts for audit under chapter 35 of title 31.

(e) Depository and Availability of Amounts.—The Secretary shall deposit amounts made available to the Secretary under this chapter in a checking account in the Treasury. Receipts, assets, and amounts obtained or held by the Secretary to carry out this chapter are available for administrative expenses to carry out this chapter.

(f) Binding Effect of Financial Transaction.—A financial transaction of the Secretary under this chapter and a related voucher are binding on all officers and employees of the United States Government.

(g) Dealing With Acquired Property.—Notwithstanding another law related to the Government acquiring, using, or disposing of real property, the Secretary may deal with property acquired under paragraph (3) or (4) of subsection (a) in any way. However, this subsection does not—

(1) deprive a State or political subdivision of a State of jurisdiction of the property; or

(2) impair the civil rights, under the laws of a State or political subdivision of a State, of an inhabitant of the property.

(h) Transfer of Assets No Longer Needed.—

(1) In general.—If a recipient of assistance under this chapter decides an asset acquired under this chapter at least in part with that assistance is no longer needed for the purpose for which such asset was acquired, the Secretary may authorize the recipient to transfer such asset to—

(A) a local governmental authority to be used for a public purpose with no further obligation to the Government if the Secretary decides—

(i) the asset will remain in public use for at least 5 years after the date the asset is transferred;

(ii) there is no purpose eligible for assistance under this chapter for which the asset should be used;

(iii) the overall benefit of allowing the transfer is greater than the interest of the Government in liquidation and return of the financial interest of the Government in the asset, after considering fair market value and other factors; and

(iv) through an appropriate screening or survey process, that there is no interest in acquiring the asset for Government use if the asset is a facility or land; or

(B) a local governmental authority, nonprofit organization, or other third party entity to be used for the purpose of transit-oriented development with no further obligation to the Government if the Secretary decides—

(i) the asset is a necessary component of a proposed transit-oriented development project;

(ii) the transit-oriented development project will increase transit ridership;

(iii) at least 40 percent of the housing units offered in the transit-oriented development, including housing units owned by nongovernmental entities, are legally binding affordability restricted to tenants with incomes at or below 60 percent of the area median income and owners with incomes at or below 60 percent ¹ the area median income, which shall include at least 20 percent of such housing units offered restricted to tenants with incomes at or below 30 percent of the area median income and owners with incomes at or below 30 percent the area median income;

(iv) the asset will remain in use as described in this section for at least 30 years after the date the asset is transferred; and

(v) with respect to a transfer to a third party entity—

(I) a local government authority or nonprofit organization is unable to receive the property;

(II) the overall benefit of allowing the transfer is greater than the interest of the Government in liquidation and return of the financial interest of the Government in the asset, after considering fair market value and other factors; and

(III) the third party has demonstrated a satisfactory history of construction or operating an affordable housing development.

(2) A decision under paragraph (1) must be in writing and include the reason for the decision.

(3) This subsection is in addition to any other law related to using and disposing of a facility or equipment under an assistance agreement.

(4) Proceeds from the sale of transit assets.—

(A) In general.—When real property, equipment, or supplies acquired with assistance under this chapter are no longer needed for public transportation purposes as determined under the applicable assistance agreement, the Secretary may authorize the sale, transfer, or lease of the assets under conditions determined by the Secretary and subject to the requirements of this subsection.

(B) Reimbursement.—

(i) Fair market value of less than $5,000.—With respect to rolling stock and equipment with a unit fair market value of $5,000 or less per unit and unused supplies with a total aggregate fair market value of $5,000 or less that was purchased using Federal financial assistance under this chapter, the rolling stock, equipment, and supplies may be retained, sold, or otherwise disposed of at the end of the service life of the rolling stock, equipment, or supplies without any obligation to reimburse the Federal Transit Administration.

(ii) Fair market value of more than $5,000.—

(I) In general.—With respect to rolling stock and equipment with a unit fair market value of more than $5,000 per unit and unused supplies with a total aggregate fair market value of more than $5,000 that was purchased using Federal financial assistance under this chapter, the rolling stock, equipment, and supplies may be retained or sold at the end of the service life of the rolling stock, equipment, or supplies.

(II) Reimbursement required.—If rolling stock, equipment, or supplies described in subclause (I) is sold, of the proceeds from the sale—

(aa) the recipient shall retain an amount equal to the sum of—

(AA) $5,000; and

(BB) of the remaining proceeds, a percentage of the amount equal to the non-Federal share expended by the recipient in making the original purchase; and

(bb) any amounts remaining after application of item (aa) shall be returned to the Federal Transit Administration.

(iii) Rolling stock and equipment retained.—Rolling stock, equipment, or supplies described in clause (i) or (ii) that is retained by a recipient under those clauses may be used by the recipient for other public transportation projects or programs with no obligation to reimburse the Federal Transit Administration, and no approval of the Secretary to retain that rolling stock, equipment, or supplies is required.

(C) Use.—The net income from asset sales, uses, or leases (including lease renewals) under this subsection shall be used by the recipient to reduce the gross project cost of other capital projects carried out under this chapter.

(D) Relationship to other authority.—The authority of the Secretary under this subsection is in addition to existing authorities controlling allocation or use of recipient income otherwise permissible in law or regulation in effect prior to the date of enactment of this paragraph.

(i) Transfer of Amounts and Non-Government Share.—(1) Amounts made available for a public transportation project under title 23 may be transferred to and administered by the Secretary under this chapter. Amounts made available for a highway project under this chapter shall be transferred to and administered by the Secretary under title 23.

(2) The provisions of title 23 related to the non-Government share apply to amounts under title 23 used for public transportation projects. The provisions of this chapter related to the non-Government share apply to amounts under this chapter used for highway projects.

(j) Notification of Pending Discretionary Grants.—Not less than 3 full business days before announcement of award by the Secretary of any discretionary grant, letter of intent, or full funding grant agreement totaling $1,000,000 or more, the Secretary shall notify the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(k) Agency Statements.—

(1) In general.—The Administrator of the Federal Transit Administration shall follow applicable rulemaking procedures under section 553 of title 5 before the Federal Transit Administration issues a statement that imposes a binding obligation on recipients of Federal assistance under this chapter.

(2) Binding obligation defined.—In this subsection, the term "binding obligation" means a substantive policy statement, rule, or guidance document issued by the Federal Transit Administration that grants rights, imposes obligations, produces significant effects on private interests, or effects a significant change in existing policy.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 836; Pub. L. 104–287, §5(9), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3389; Pub. L. 104–316, title I, §127(a), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3840; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §§3023(c), 3025(a), (b)(1), (c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 364, 365; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §§3002(b)(4), 3032, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1545, 1626; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(o)(3), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3853; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §§20024, 20030(i), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 718, 731; Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30013, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 909; Pub. L. 117–81, div. F, title LXVI, §6609, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2446.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5334(a)	49 App.:1608(a) (1st sentence related to 12:1749a(c) (1)–(3) (1st sentence), (4)–(8), (10)).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §12(a), 78 Stat. 306; Sept. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89–562, §2(a)(1), 80 Stat. 715; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §20(a), 81 Stat. 25.
5334(b)	49 App.:1608(i)(1), (2).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §12(i)(1), (2); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §318(a), 101 Stat. 233.
	49 App.:1608(i)(3).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §12(i)(3); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3017, 105 Stat. 2108.
5334(c)	49 App.:1608(a) (1st sentence related to 12:1749a(a) (less proviso)).
5334(d)	49 App.:1608(a) (1st sentence related to 12:1749a(b), last sentence).
5334(e)	49 App.:1608(a) (1st sentence related to 12:1749a(a) (proviso)).
5334(f)	49 App.:1608(a) (1st sentence related to 12:1749a(c)(3) (last sentence)).
5334(g)	49 App.:1608(k).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §12(k); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3018, 105 Stat. 2108.
5334(h)	49 App.:1607(k).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §8(k); added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §305(b), 92 Stat. 2743; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §310, 101 Stat. 227; restated Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3012, 105 Stat. 2104; Oct. 6, 1992, Pub. L. 102–388, §502(a), 106 Stat. 1566.
5334(i)	49 App.:1608 (note) (related to authority and functions reserved to Secretary of Housing and Urban Development).	Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1968, eff. June 30, 1968, §1(a)(1) (related to authority and functions reserved to Secretary of Housing and Urban Development), 82 Stat. 1369.
5334(j)(1)	49 App.:1608(a) (1st sentence related to 12:1749a(e)).
5334(j)(2)	49 App.:1608(a) (1st sentence related to 12:1749a(d)).

In subsections (c)–(f), and (j), the relevant substantive provisions of 12:1749a are substituted for "shall . . . have the functions, powers, and duties set forth in section 1749a of title 12, except subsections (c)(2) and (f) of such section" for clarity. The reference to subsection (c)(2) is omitted as obsolete because section 201(d)(1) of the Housing and Community Development Technical Amendments Act of 1984 (Public Law 98–479, 98 Stat. 2228) repealed 12:1749a(c)(2). The words "(in addition to any authority otherwise vested in him)" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (a), the text of 49 App.:1608(a) (1st sentence related to 12:1749a(c)(8)) is omitted as obsolete. Before clause (1), the words "carrying out this chapter" are substituted for "the performance of, and with respect to, the functions, powers, and duties vested in him by this chapter" to eliminate unnecessary words. In clause (1), the words "(except terms the Secretary of Labor prescribes under section 5333(b) of this title)" are added for clarity because 49 App.:1608(a) only applies to the Secretary of Transportation and does not supersede the responsibility of the Secretary of Labor. In clause (3), the word "civil" is added for clarity. The words "contract, or other" are omitted as surplus. In clause (4), the words "bid for and . . . at any foreclosure or any other sale" are omitted as surplus. In clause (6), the words "at public or private sale", "real or personal", and "upon such terms as he may fix" are omitted as surplus. Clause (8) is substituted for 49 App.:1608(a) (1st sentence related to 12:1749a(c)(7)) to eliminate unnecessary words. In clause (9), the word "provisions" is omitted as surplus. The words "carry out this chapter" are substituted for "assure that the purposes of this subchapter will be achieved" to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (b), the words "regulatory" and "regulatory proceeding" are substituted for "rulemaking" for consistency in the revised title and because "rule" and "regulation" are synonymous.

In subsection (b)(1), the words "Federal Transit Administration" are substituted for "Urban Mass Transportation Administration" because of section 3004(b) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (Public Law 102–240, 105 Stat. 2088). The words "also" and "required by the first sentence of this paragraph" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c), before clause (1), the words "In the performance of, and with respect to, the functions, powers, and duties vested in him by this subchapter . . . notwithstanding the provisions of any other law" are omitted as surplus. In clause (1), the words "prepare . . . and" and "for wholly owned Government corporations" are omitted as surplus.

Subsection (d) is substituted for 49 App.:1608(a) (1st sentence related to 12:1749a(b) and last sentence) to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (e), the words "such . . . as the making of loans" are omitted as surplus. The words "under this chapter" are added for clarity. The word "related" is substituted for "in connection with such financial transactions" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "approved by the Secretary" are omitted as surplus. The word "binding" is substituted for "final and conclusive" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "and employees" are added for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

In subsection (f), before clause (1), the words "in any way" are substituted for "complete, administer, remodel and convert, dispose of, lease and otherwise" to eliminate unnecessary words. In clause (1), the words "civil or criminal" are omitted as surplus. In clause (2), the words "political subdivision of a State" are substituted for "local" for consistency.

In subsection (g)(1), before clause (A), the words "facilities and equipment and other", "(including land)", and "first" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (g)(3), the words "and not in lieu of" are omitted as surplus.

Subsection (i) is substituted for section 1(a)(1) (related to authority and functions reserved to Secretary of Housing and Urban Development) of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1968 to eliminate unnecessary words. The reference to 49 App.:1602(c)(1) is translated as a reference to 49 App.:1602(e)(1) because section 2(1) of the Urban Mass Transportation Assistance Act of 1970 (Public Law 91–453, 84 Stat. 962) redesignated subsection (c) as subsection (e). The references to 49 App.:1603(a) (1st sentence), 1604, and 1607c(b) and former 49 App.:1607a are omitted as obsolete because of section 103(a) of the National Mass Transportation Act of 1974 (Public Law 93–503, 88 Stat. 1567) and sections 303(b), 305(a), and 307 of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 1978 (Public Law 95–599, 92 Stat. 2737, 2743, 2747). Reference to 49 App.:1607c(c) is omitted because it was enacted after the Reorganization Plan and was not intended to be within the scope of the Plan.

Subsection (j)(1) is substituted for 49 App.:1608(a) (1st sentence related to 12:1749a(e)) to eliminate unnecessary words.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this paragraph, referred to in subsec. (h)(4)(D), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 105–178, which was approved June 9, 1998.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 117–81 amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) related to authorization by Secretary of assets no longer needed.

Subsec. (h)(4)(B) to (D). Pub. L. 117–58 added subpar. (B) and redesignated former subpars. (B) and (C) as (C) and (D), respectively.

2012—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 112–141, §20024(1), substituted "that receives Federal financial assistance under this chapter" for "under sections 5307 and 5309–5311 of this title".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 112–141, §20024(2), inserted "or for purposes of establishing and enforcing a program to improve the safety of public transportation systems in the United States as described in section 5329," after "emergency," and substituted "chapter. The Secretary may not" for "chapter, nor may the Secretary".

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 112–141, §20030(i)(1), substituted "Secretary shall prepare" for "Secretary of Transportation shall prepare" and "Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives" for "Committees on Transportation and Infrastructure and Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and Appropriations of the Senate".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 112–141, §20030(i)(1)(A), substituted "Secretary shall give" for "Secretary of Transportation shall give".

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 112–141, §§20030(i)(1)(A), 20024(3), substituted "Secretary shall comply" for "Secretary of Transportation shall comply" and "subsection" for "section (except subsection (i)) and sections 5318(e), 5323(a)(2), 5325(a), 5325(b), and 5325(f)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 112–141, §20030(i)(2), struck out "of Transportation" after "Secretary" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 112–141, §20030(i)(3), struck out "of Transportation" after "The Secretary".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 112–141, §20030(i)(4), struck out "of Transportation" after "Secretary".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 112–141, §20030(i)(5), in introductory provisions, struck out "of Transportation" after "Secretary".and substituted "paragraph (3) or (4) of subsection (a)" for "subsection (a)(3) or (4) of this section".

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 112–141, §20030(i)(6)(A), struck out "of Transportation" after "acquired, the Secretary" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 112–141, §20030(i)(6)(B), struck out "of this section" after "paragraph (1)".

Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 112–141, §20024(4), substituted "any other" for "another".

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 112–141, §§20024(5), 20030(i)(7), substituted "title 23 may" for "title 23 shall" and "Secretary under this chapter" for "Secretary of Transportation under this chapter".

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 112–141, §20030(i)(8), which directed substitution of "Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives" for "Committees on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and Appropriations of the Senate and Committees on Transportation and Infrastructure and Appropriations of the House of Representatives" in subsec. (j) as redesignated by section 20025 of Pub. L. 112–141, was executed to subsec. (j) as redesignated by section 20024 of Pub. L. 112–141, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 112–141, §20024(6), (7), redesignated subsec. (k) as (j) and struck out former subsec. (j). Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(1) Section 9107(a) of title 31 applies to the Secretary of Transportation under this chapter.

"(2) Section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41 applies to a contract for more than $1,000 for services or supplies related to property acquired under this chapter."

Subsecs. (k), (l). Pub. L. 112–141, §20024(7), redesignated subsecs. (k) and (l) as (j) and (k), respectively.

2011—Subsec. (j)(2). Pub. L. 111–350 substituted "Section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41" for "Section 3709 of the Revised Statutes (41 U.S.C. 5)".

2005—Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation".

Subsec. (a)(11). Pub. L. 109–59, §3032(1), added par. (11).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §3032(4), added subsec. (b). Former subsec. (b) redesignated (c).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §3032(3), redesignated subsec. (b) as (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 109–59, §3032(5), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: "The Secretary of Transportation shall comply with this section (except subsections (h) and (i)) and sections 5323(a)(2), 5323(c), 5323(e), 5324(c), 5325(a), 5325(b), 5326(c), and 5326(d) when proposing or carrying out a regulation governing an activity under this chapter, except for a routine matter or a matter with no significant impact."

Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 109–59, §3032(3), redesignated subsecs. (c) to (e) as (d) to (f), respectively. Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–59, §3032(3), redesignated subsec. (f) as (g). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (h).

Subsec. (g)(1), (4)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 109–59, §3032(3), redesignated subsec. (g) as (h). Former subsec. (h) redesignated (i).

Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation" in pars. (1) and (2).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 109–59, §3032(2), (3), redesignated subsec. (h) as (i) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (i). Text read as follows: "The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall—

"(1) carry out section 5312(a) and (b)(1) of this title related to—

"(A) urban transportation systems and planned development of urban areas; and

"(B) the role of transportation planning in overall urban planning; and

"(2) advise and assist the Secretary of Transportation in making findings under section 5323(a)(1)(A) of this title."

Subsecs. (k), (l). Pub. L. 109–59, §3032(6), added subsecs. (k) and (l).

1998—Pub. L. 105–178, §3025(b)(1), inserted "provisions" after "Administrative" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 105–178, §3025(a), added par. (10).

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 105–178, §3023(c), substituted "5323(a)(2), 5323(c), 5323(e), 5324(c), 5325(a), 5325(b), 5326(c), and 5326(d)" for "5323(a)(2), (c) and (e), 5324(c), and 5325 of this title".

Subsec. (g)(4). Pub. L. 105–178, §3025(c), added par. (4).

1996—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 104–287 substituted "Transportation and Infrastructure" for "Public Works and Transportation".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 104–316 substituted "for" for "the Comptroller General shall".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

¹ So in original. Probably should be followed by "of".

§5335. National transit database

(a) National Transit Database.—To help meet the needs of individual public transportation systems, the United States Government, State and local governments, and the public for information on which to base public transportation service planning, the Secretary shall maintain a reporting system, using uniform categories to accumulate public transportation financial, operating, geographic service area coverage, and asset condition information and using a uniform system of accounts. The reporting and uniform systems shall contain appropriate information to help any level of government make a public sector investment decision. The Secretary may request and receive appropriate information from any source.

(b) Reporting and Uniform Systems.—The Secretary may award a grant under section 5307 or 5311 only if the applicant, and any person that will receive benefits directly from the grant, are subject to the reporting and uniform systems.

(c) Data Required to Be Reported.—Each recipient of a grant under this chapter shall report to the Secretary, for inclusion in the national transit database under this section—

(1) any information relating to a transit asset inventory or condition assessment conducted by the recipient;

(2) any data on assaults on transit workers of the recipients; and

(3) any data on fatalities that result from an impact with a bus.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 838; Pub. L. 104–287, §5(9), (18), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3389, 3390; Pub. L. 104–316, title I, §127(b), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3840; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3026, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 365; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §§3002(b)(4), 3033(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1545, 1627; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §§20025(a), 20030(j), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 718, 731; Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30014, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 910.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5335(a)	49 App.:1608(j).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §12(j); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §319, 101 Stat. 234.
	49 App.:1611(a).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §15(a), 78 Stat. 308; Sept. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89–562, §§2(a)(1), 4, 80 Stat. 715, 717; Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91–453, §7, 84 Stat. 967; restated Nov. 26, 1974, Pub. L. 93–503, §111, 88 Stat. 1573.
	49 App.:1611(b).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, §15(b), 78 Stat. 308; Sept. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89–562, §§2(a)(1), 4, 80 Stat. 715, 717; Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91–453, §7, 84 Stat. 967; restated Nov. 26, 1974, Pub. L. 93–503, §111, 88 Stat. 1573; Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §304(c), 96 Stat. 2150.
5335(b)	49 App.:1603(b)(1).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §4(b)(1); added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §303(e), 92 Stat. 2738; restated Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §307, 101 Stat. 226; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3006(h) (1), 105 Stat. 2090.
5335(c)	49 App.:1623(a).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §27; added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3028, 105 Stat. 2115.
5335(d)	49 App.:1623(b).

In subsection (a), the text of 49 App.:1608(j) is omitted as superseded by 31:ch. 75.

In subsection (a)(1), the words "by January 10, 1977" are omitted as executed. The word "maintain" is substituted for "develop, test, and prescribe" for clarity. The text of 49 App.:1611(a) (3d and 4th sentences) is omitted as executed. The words "or data as he deems" and "public or private" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (a)(2), the words "After July 1, 1978" are omitted as executed. The reference to 49 App.:1604 is omitted as obsolete. The words "for such grant", "or organization", "each . . . both", and "prescribed under subsection (a) of this section" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(1), the words "commitments, and reservations" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(2) and (3), the words "uncommitted, and unreserved" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(3) and (5), the words "last day" are substituted for "close" for consistency.

In subsection (b)(4), the words "a listing of" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(5), the words "a status report on all" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(6), the words "a status report on", "a letter of credit or other", and "already" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d), before clause (1), the words "the transferability provisions of" are omitted as surplus.

Pub. L. 104–287, §5(18)

This amends 49:5335(d)(2)(B) to amend an erroneous cross-reference.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–58, §30014(1), inserted "geographic service area coverage," after "operating," in first sentence.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–58, §30014(2), added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The recipient of a grant under this chapter shall report to the Secretary, for inclusion in the National Transit Database, any information relating to a transit asset inventory or condition assessment conducted by the recipient."

2012—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–141, §§20025(a)(1), 20030(j), struck out "of Transportation" after "the Secretary" and substituted "public transportation financial, operating, and asset condition information" for "public transportation financial and operating information".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 112–141, §20025(a)(2), added subsec. (c).

2005—Pub. L. 109–59, §3033(a), substituted "National transit database" for "Reports and audits" in section catchline, redesignated pars. (1) and (2) of subsec. (a) as subsecs. (a) and (b), respectively, inserted subsec. (b) heading, substituted "The Secretary may award a grant under section 5307 or 5311" for "The Secretary may make a grant under section 5307 of this title" in subsec. (b), and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to submission of a report in January- 1993, on carrying out former section 5307(b)(5) of this title.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation" wherever appearing.

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §3026(a)(1), substituted "National Transit Database" for "Reporting System and Uniform System of Accounts and Records" in heading.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §3026(a)(2), substituted "using uniform categories" for "by uniform categories," and "and using a uniform system of accounts" for "and a uniform system of accounts and records".

Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §3026(b), redesignated subsec. (d) as (b) and struck out former subsecs. (b) and (c) which related to quarterly reports and biennial needs report, respectively.

1996—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–287, §5(9), substituted "Transportation and Infrastructure" for "Public Works and Transportation" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–316 struck out "and in January of every 2d year after 1993" after "In January 1993" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 104–287, §5(9), substituted "Transportation and Infrastructure" for "Public Works and Transportation" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–316 struck out "and in January of every 2d year after 1993" after "In January 1993" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 104–287, §5(9), substituted "Transportation and Infrastructure" for "Public Works and Transportation" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 104–287, §5(18), substituted "Americans with Disabilities Act" for "Americans With Disabilities Act".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Data Accuracy and Reliability

Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20025(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 718, provided that: "The Secretary [of Transportation] shall—

"(1) develop and implement appropriate internal control activities to ensure that public transportation safety incident data is reported accurately and reliably by public transportation systems and State safety oversight agencies to the State Safety Oversight Rail Accident Database; and

"(2) report to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives within 1 year of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012 [see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of Title 23, Highways] on the steps taken to improve the accuracy and reliability of public transportation safety incident data reported to the State Safety Oversight Rail Accident Database."

§5336. Apportionment of appropriations for formula grants

(a) Based on Urbanized Area Population.—Of the amount apportioned under subsection (h)(5) to carry out section 5307—

(1) 9.32 percent shall be apportioned each fiscal year only in urbanized areas with a population of less than 200,000 so that each of those areas is entitled to receive an amount equal to—

(A) 50 percent of the total amount apportioned multiplied by a ratio equal to the population of the area divided by the total population of all urbanized areas with populations of less than 200,000 as shown in the most recent decennial census; and

(B) 50 percent of the total amount apportioned multiplied by a ratio for the area based on population weighted by a factor, established by the Secretary, of the number of inhabitants in each square mile; and

(2) 90.68 percent shall be apportioned each fiscal year only in urbanized areas with populations of at least 200,000 as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section.

(b) Based on Fixed Guideway Vehicle Revenue Miles, Directional Route Miles, and Passenger Miles.—(1) In this subsection, "fixed guideway vehicle revenue miles" and "fixed guideway directional route miles" include passenger ferry operations directly or under contract by the designated recipient.

(2) Of the amount apportioned under subsection (a)(2) of this section, 33.29 percent shall be apportioned as follows:

(A) 95.61 percent of the total amount apportioned under this subsection shall be apportioned so that each urbanized area with a population of at least 200,000 is entitled to receive an amount equal to—

(i) 60 percent of the 95.61 percent apportioned under this subparagraph multiplied by a ratio equal to the number of fixed guideway vehicle revenue miles attributable to the area, as established by the Secretary, divided by the total number of all fixed guideway vehicle revenue miles attributable to all areas; and

(ii) 40 percent of the 95.61 percent apportioned under this subparagraph multiplied by a ratio equal to the number of fixed guideway directional route miles attributable to the area, established by the Secretary, divided by the total number of all fixed guideway directional route miles attributable to all areas.

An urbanized area with a population of at least 750,000 in which commuter rail transportation is provided shall receive at least .75 percent of the total amount apportioned under this subparagraph.

(B) 4.39 percent of the total amount apportioned under this subsection shall be apportioned so that each urbanized area with a population of at least 200,000 is entitled to receive an amount equal to—

(i) the number of fixed guideway vehicle passenger miles traveled multiplied by the number of fixed guideway vehicle passenger miles traveled for each dollar of operating cost in an area; divided by

(ii) the total number of fixed guideway vehicle passenger miles traveled multiplied by the total number of fixed guideway vehicle passenger miles traveled for each dollar of operating cost in all areas.

An urbanized area with a population of at least 750,000 in which commuter rail transportation is provided shall receive at least .75 percent of the total amount apportioned under this subparagraph.

(C) Under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, fixed guideway vehicle revenue or directional route miles, and passengers served on those miles, in an urbanized area with a population of less than 200,000, where the miles and passengers served otherwise would be attributable to an urbanized area with a population of at least 1,000,000 in an adjacent State, are attributable to the governmental authority in the State in which the urbanized area with a population of less than 200,000 is located. The authority is deemed an urbanized area with a population of at least 200,000 if the authority makes a contract for the service.

(D) A recipient's apportionment under subparagraph (A)(i) of this paragraph may not be reduced if the recipient, after satisfying the Secretary that energy or operating efficiencies would be achieved, reduces vehicle revenue miles but provides the same frequency of revenue service to the same number of riders.

(E) For purposes of subparagraph (A) and section 5337(c)(3), the Secretary shall deem to be attributable to an urbanized area not less than 27 percent of the fixed guideway vehicle revenue miles or fixed guideway directional route miles in the public transportation system of a recipient that are located outside the urbanized area for which the recipient receives funds, in addition to the fixed guideway vehicle revenue miles or fixed guideway directional route miles of the recipient that are located inside the urbanized area.

(c) Based on Bus Vehicle Revenue Miles and Passenger Miles.—Of the amount apportioned under subsection (a)(2) of this section, 66.71 percent shall be apportioned as follows:

(1) 90.8 percent of the total amount apportioned under this subsection shall be apportioned as follows:

(A) 73.39 percent of the 90.8 percent apportioned under this paragraph shall be apportioned so that each urbanized area with a population of at least 1,000,000 is entitled to receive an amount equal to—

(i) 50 percent of the 73.39 percent apportioned under this subparagraph multiplied by a ratio equal to the total bus vehicle revenue miles operated in or directly serving the urbanized area divided by the total bus vehicle revenue miles attributable to all areas;

(ii) 25 percent of the 73.39 percent apportioned under this subparagraph multiplied by a ratio equal to the population of the area divided by the total population of all areas, as shown in the most recent decennial census; and

(iii) 25 percent of the 73.39 percent apportioned under this subparagraph multiplied by a ratio for the area based on population weighted by a factor, established by the Secretary, of the number of inhabitants in each square mile.

(B) 26.61 percent of the 90.8 percent apportioned under this paragraph shall be apportioned so that each urbanized area with a population of at least 200,000 but not more than 999,999 is entitled to receive an amount equal to—

(i) 50 percent of the 26.61 percent apportioned under this subparagraph multiplied by a ratio equal to the total bus vehicle revenue miles operated in or directly serving the urbanized area divided by the total bus vehicle revenue miles attributable to all areas;

(ii) 25 percent of the 26.61 percent apportioned under this subparagraph multiplied by a ratio equal to the population of the area divided by the total population of all areas, as shown by the most recent decennial census; and

(iii) 25 percent of the 26.61 percent apportioned under this subparagraph multiplied by a ratio for the area based on population weighted by a factor, established by the Secretary, of the number of inhabitants in each square mile.

(2) 9.2 percent of the total amount apportioned under this subsection shall be apportioned so that each urbanized area with a population of at least 200,000 is entitled to receive an amount equal to—

(A) the number of bus passenger miles traveled multiplied by the number of bus passenger miles traveled for each dollar of operating cost in an area; divided by

(B) the total number of bus passenger miles traveled multiplied by the total number of bus passenger miles traveled for each dollar of operating cost in all areas.

(d) Date of Apportionment.—The Secretary shall—

(1) apportion amounts appropriated under section 5338(a)(2)(C) of this title to carry out section 5307 of this title not later than the 10th day after the date the amounts are appropriated or October 1 of the fiscal year for which the amounts are appropriated, whichever is later; and

(2) publish apportionments of the amounts, including amounts attributable to each urbanized area with a population of more than 50,000 and amounts attributable to each State of a multistate urbanized area, on the apportionment date.

(e) Amounts Not Apportioned to Designated Recipients.—The Governor of a State may expend in an urbanized area with a population of less than 200,000 an amount apportioned under this section that is not apportioned to a designated recipient.

(f) Transfers of Apportionments.—(1) The Governor of a State may transfer any part of the State's apportionment under subsection (a)(1) of this section to supplement amounts apportioned to the State under section 5311(c)(3).¹ The Governor may make a transfer only after consulting with responsible local officials and publicly owned operators of public transportation in each area for which the amount originally was apportioned under this section.

(2) The Governor of a State may transfer any part of the State's apportionment under section 5311(c)(3)¹ to supplement amounts apportioned to the State under subsection (a)(1) of this section.

(3) The Governor of a State may use throughout the State amounts of a State's apportionment remaining available for obligation at the beginning of the 90-day period before the period of the availability of the amounts expires.

(4) A designated recipient for an urbanized area with a population of at least 200,000 may transfer a part of its apportionment under this section to the Governor of a State. The Governor shall distribute the transferred amounts to urbanized areas under this section.

(5) Capital and operating assistance limitations applicable to the original apportionment apply to amounts transferred under this subsection.

(g) Period of Availability to Recipients.—An amount apportioned under this section may be obligated by the recipient for 5 years after the fiscal year in which the amount is apportioned. Not later than 30 days after the end of the 5-year period, an amount that is not obligated at the end of that period shall be added to the amount that may be apportioned under this section in the next fiscal year.

(h) Apportionments.—Of the amounts made available for each fiscal year under section 5338(a)(2)(C)—

(1) $30,000,000 shall be set aside each fiscal year to carry out section 5307(h);

(2) 3.07 percent shall be apportioned to urbanized areas in accordance with subsection (j);

(3) of amounts not apportioned under paragraphs (1) and (2), 3 percent shall be apportioned to urbanized areas with populations of less than 200,000 in accordance with subsection (i);

(4) 0.75 percent shall be apportioned to eligible States for State safety oversight program grants in accordance with section 5329(e)(6); and

(5) any amount not apportioned under paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4) shall be apportioned to urbanized areas in accordance with subsections (a) through (c).

(i) Small Transit Intensive Cities Formula.—

(1) Definitions.—In this subsection, the following definitions apply:

(A) Eligible area.—The term "eligible area" means an urbanized area with a population of less than 200,000 that meets or exceeds in one or more performance categories the industry average for all urbanized areas with a population of at least 200,000 but not more than 999,999, as determined by the Secretary in accordance with subsection (c)(2).

(B) Performance category.—The term "performance category" means each of the following:

(i) Passenger miles traveled per vehicle revenue mile.

(ii) Passenger miles traveled per vehicle revenue hour.

(iii) Vehicle revenue miles per capita.

(iv) Vehicle revenue hours per capita.

(v) Passenger miles traveled per capita.

(vi) Passengers per capita.

(2) Apportionment.—

(A) Apportionment formula.—The amount to be apportioned under subsection (h)(3) shall be apportioned among eligible areas in the ratio that—

(i) the number of performance categories for which each eligible area meets or exceeds the industry average in urbanized areas with a population of at least 200,000 but not more than 999,999; bears to

(ii) the aggregate number of performance categories for which all eligible areas meet or exceed the industry average in urbanized areas with a population of at least 200,000 but not more than 999,999.

(B) Data used in formula.—The Secretary shall calculate apportionments under this subsection for a fiscal year using data from the national transit database used to calculate apportionments for that fiscal year under this section.

(j) Apportionment Formula.—The amounts apportioned under subsection (h)(2) shall be apportioned among urbanized areas as follows:

(1) 75 percent of the funds shall be apportioned among designated recipients for urbanized areas with a population of 200,000 or more in the ratio that—

(A) the number of eligible low-income individuals in each such urbanized area; bears to

(B) the number of eligible low-income individuals in all such urbanized areas.

(2) 25 percent of the funds shall be apportioned among designated recipients for urbanized areas with a population of less than 200,000 in the ratio that—

(A) the number of eligible low-income individuals in each such urbanized area; bears to

(B) the number of eligible low-income individuals in all such urbanized areas.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 840; Pub. L. 104–287, §5(19), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3390; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §§3027(a), (b), 3029(b)(10), (11), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 366, 373; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §§3002(b)(4), 3034, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1545, 1627; Pub. L. 110–244, title II, §201(l), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1611; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20026, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 719; Pub. L. 113–159, title I, §1202, Aug. 8, 2014, 128 Stat. 1845; Pub. L. 114–21, title I, §1202, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 223; Pub. L. 114–41, title I, §1202, July 31, 2015, 129 Stat. 450; Pub. L. 114–73, title I, §1202, Oct. 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 573; Pub. L. 114–87, title I, §1202, Nov. 20, 2015, 129 Stat. 682; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3014, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1478; Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §§30001(b)(3), 30015(a), (b)(1), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 890, 910.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5336(a)(1)	49 App.:1607a(a)(1).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(a); added Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §303, 96 Stat. 2141; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §327(b), 101 Stat. 238; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3013(a), 105 Stat. 2106.
	49 App.:1607a(d).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(b)(1)–(3), (c)–(e)(1), (m)(2); added Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §303, 96 Stat. 2141, 2147; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §327(b), 101 Stat. 238.
5336(a)(2)	49 App.:1607a(a)(2).
5336(b)(1)	49 App.:1607a(b)(2) (last sentence).
5336(b)(2)(A)	49 App.:1607a(b)(1), (2) (1st sentence).
5336(b)(2)(B)	49 App.:1607a(b)(3) (1st sentence).
5336(b)(2)(C)	49 App.:1607a(b)(2) (2d sentence), (3) (last sentence).
5336(b)(2)(D)	49 App.:1607a(b)(2) (3d sentence).
5336(b)(2)(E)	49 App.:1607a(b)(4).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(b)(4); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3013(b), 105 Stat. 2106.
5336(c)(1)	49 App.:1607a(c)(1), (2), (d) (last sentence).
5336(c)(2)	49 App.:1607a(c)(3).
5336(d)(1)	49 App.:1607a (k)(2)(A).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(k)(2)(A); added Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §303, 96 Stat. 2145; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §§312(c)(1), (2), 327(b), 101 Stat. 228, 238.
5336(d)(2)	49 App.:1607a (k)(2)(B).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(k)(2)(B); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §312(c)(3), 101 Stat. 228; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3013(i), 105 Stat. 2107.
	49 App.:1607a (k)(2)(C).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(k)(2)(C); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §312(c)(3), 101 Stat. 228.
5336(e)	49 App.:1607a(q).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(q); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §312(e), 101 Stat. 229.
5336(f)	49 App.:1607a(m)(2).
5336(g)	49 App.:1607a(n).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(n); added Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §303, 96 Stat. 2147; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §§312(d), 327(b), 101 Stat. 229, 238.
5336(h)	49 App.:1607a(t).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(t); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3013(k), 105 Stat. 2108.
5336(i)	49 App.:1607a(o).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(o); added Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §303, 96 Stat. 2147; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §§311, 327(b), 101 Stat. 228, 238.
5336(j)	49 App.:1607a(e)(1).
5336(k)	49 App.:1607a(s).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9(s); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3013(j), 105 Stat. 2108.

In this section, the word "apportioned" is substituted for "available", "shall be available for expenditure", "made available", and "made available for expenditure" for clarity and consistency in this chapter.

In subsection (a)(1), before subclause (A), the words "the sum of" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b)(2)(D), the word "provided" is omitted as surplus. The words "is deemed" are substituted for "as if . . . were" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code. The words "directly or indirectly" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c)(1)(B), before clause (i), the words "of at least 200,000" are added for clarity.

In subsection (d)(1)(D), the words "Notwithstanding the preceding sentence" and "each fiscal year" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d)(2), the words "Beginning on October 1, 1991" are omitted as executed. The words "paragraph (1) of this subsection" are substituted for "under this section that may be used for operating assistance by urbanized areas" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "(if any)" are omitted as surplus. The words "Secretary of Labor" are substituted for "Department of Labor" because of 29:551. The text of 49 App.:1607a(k)(2)(B) (2d sentence) is omitted as executed. The text of 49 App.:1607a(k)(2)(B) (last sentence) is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (e)(1), the words "under section 5338(f) of this title" are added for clarity. The words "in accordance with the provisions of this section" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (e)(2), the words "established by the preceding sentence" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (g)(1) and (2), the word "part" is substituted for "amount" for clarity.

In subsection (g)(4), the words "including areas of 200,000 or more population" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (h), the words "in each fiscal year beginning after September 30, 1991" are omitted as obsolete.

In subsection (i), the words "the close of" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (j), the references to sections 5302(a)(8) and 5318 are added for clarity. The source provisions of sections 5302(a)(8) and 5318, enacted by section 317 of the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987 (Public Law 100–17, 101 Stat. 233), were not intended to come under the exclusion stated in 49 App.:1607a(e)(1). The words "condition, limitation, or other" and "for programs of projects" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (k), the text of 49 App.:1607a(s)(1) is omitted as obsolete.

Pub. L. 104–287

This amends 49:5336(b)(2) to clarify the restatement of 49 App.:1607a(b) by section 1 of the Act of July 5, 1994 (Public Law 103–272, 108 Stat. 840).

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 5311(c)(3), referred to in subsec. (f)(1), (2), was redesignated section 5311(c)(4) by Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30006(1)(A), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 900.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 117–58, §30001(b)(3), struck out ", as defined in section 5302(4)" after "designated recipient".

Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 117–58, §30015(a), substituted "paragraphs (1) and (2), 3 percent" for "paragraphs (1) and (2)—

"(A) for fiscal years 2016 through 2018, 1.5 percent shall be apportioned to urbanized areas with populations of less than 200,000 in accordance with subsection (i); and

"(B) for fiscal years 2019 and 2020, 2 percent".

Subsec. (h)(4). Pub. L. 117–58, §30015(b)(1), substituted "0.75 percent" for "0.5 percent".

2015—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–94, §3014(1), substituted "subsection (h)(5)" for "subsection (h)(4)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2)(E). Pub. L. 114–94, §3014(2), substituted "27 percent" for "22.27 percent".

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, §3014(3)(A), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1), which read as follows: "$30,000,000 for each fiscal year ending before October 1, 2015, and $5,327,869 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015, shall be set aside to carry out section 5307(h);".

Pub. L. 114–87 substituted "and $5,327,869 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015," for "and $4,180,328 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–73 substituted "and $4,180,328 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015," for "and $2,377,049 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–41 substituted "for each fiscal year ending before October 1, 2015, and $2,377,049 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015," for "for each fiscal year ending before October 1, 2014, and $24,986,301 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–21 substituted "and $24,986,301 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015," for "and $19,972,603 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,".

Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 114–94, §3014(3)(B), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3), which read as follows: "of amounts not apportioned under paragraphs (1) and (2), 1.5 percent shall be apportioned to urbanized areas with populations of less than 200,000 in accordance with subsection (i);".

2014—Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 113–159 inserted "for each fiscal year ending before October 1, 2014, and $19,972,603 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015," before "shall be set aside".

2012—Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to apportionment of appropriations for formula grants and consisted of subsecs. (a) to (k).

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–244, §201(l)(1)(A), in introductory provisions, substituted "Of the amount apportioned under subsection (i)(2) to carry out section 5307—" for "Of the amount apportioned under subsection (i)(2)—".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 110–244, §201(l)(2), amended Pub. L. 109–59, §3034(d)(2). See 2005 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–244, §201(l)(1)(C), redesignated subsec. (c) relating to study on incentives in formula programs as (k).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 110–244, §201(l)(1)(B), substituted "subsections (a)(1)(C)(vi) and (b)(2)(B) of section 5338" for "subsections (a) and (h)(2) of section 5338".

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 110–244, §201(l)(1)(C), redesignated subsec. (c) relating to study on incentives in formula programs as (k).

2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §3034(d)(1), which directed amendment of subsec. (a) by substituting "to carry out section 5307" for "of this title", could not be executed because of prior amendment by Pub. L. 109–59, §3034(a)(4). See below.

Pub. L. 109–59, §3034(a)(4), substituted "Of the amount apportioned under subsection (i)(2)" for "Of the amount made available or appropriated under section 5338(a) of this title" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §3034(d)(2), as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, §201(l)(2), inserted before period at end ", except that the amount apportioned to the Anchorage urbanized area under subsection (b) shall be available to the Alaska Railroad for any costs related to its passenger operations".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §3034(d)(3), inserted "and, beginning in fiscal year 2006, 60 percent of the directional route miles attributable to the Alaska Railroad passenger operations" before period at end.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §3034(c), added at end of section subsec. (c) relating to study on incentives in formula programs.

Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 109–59, §3034(a)(1), (2), redesignated subsecs. (e) to (g) as (d) to (f), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (d) which read as follows: "[Reserved.]".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–59, §3034(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (i) as (g). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §3002(b)(4), substituted "public transportation" for "mass transportation".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 109–59, §3034(d)(4), substituted "a grant made with funds apportioned under" for "a grant made under" in two places.

Pub. L. 109–59, §3034(a)(1), (2), redesignated subsec. (j) as (h) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (h). Text read as follows: "If sufficient amounts are available, the Secretary of Transportation shall change apportionments under this section between the Mass Transit Account of the Highway Trust Fund and the general fund to ensure that each recipient receives from the general fund at least as much operating assistance made available each fiscal year under this section as the recipient is eligible to receive."

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 109–59, §3034(a)(3), added subsec. (i). Former subsec. (i) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 109–59, §3034(b), added subsec. (j). Former subsec. (j) redesignated (h).

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 109–59, §3034(a)(1), struck out heading and text of subsec. (k). Text read as follows: "An area designated an urbanized area under the 1980 census and not designated an urbanized area under the 1990 census for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1993, is eligible to receive—

"(1) 50 percent of the amount the area would have received if the area had been an urbanized area as defined by section 5302(a)(13) of this title; and

"(2) an amount equal to 50 percent of the amount that the State in which the area is located would have received if the area had been an area other than an urbanized area."

1998—Pub. L. 105–178, §3027(a), substituted "formula grants" for "block grants" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §3029(b)(10), substituted "5338(a) of this title" for "5338(f) of this title" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §3027(b), amended subsec. (d) generally, substituting "[Reserved.]" for former provisions relating to operating assistance.

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §3029(b)(11), substituted "subsections (a) and (h)(2) of section 5338" for "section 5338(f)".

1996—Subsec. (b)(2)(A), (B). Pub. L. 104–287, §5(19)(A), inserted at end "An urbanized area with a population of at least 750,000 in which commuter rail transportation is provided shall receive at least .75 percent of the total amount apportioned under this subparagraph."

Subsec. (b)(2)(C) to (E). Pub. L. 104–287, §5(19)(B), (C), redesignated subpars. (D) and (E) as (C) and (D), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (C) which read as follows: "An urbanized area with a population of at least 750,000 in which commuter rail transportation is provided shall receive at least .75 percent of the total amount apportioned under this subsection."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30015(b)(2), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 910, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to fiscal year 2022 and each fiscal year thereafter."

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment by section 201(l)(2) of Pub. L. 110–244 effective as of the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59 (Aug. 10, 2005) and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 109–59 as of that date, and provisions of Pub. L. 109–59, as in effect on the day before June 6, 2008, that are amended by Pub. L. 110–244 to be treated as not enacted, see section 121(b) of Pub. L. 110–244, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–287 effective July 5, 1994, see section 8(1) of Pub. L. 104–287, set out as a note under section 5303 of this title.

Urbanized Area Formula Study

Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3033, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 386, required the Secretary of Transportation to conduct a study on the success of the formula used to apportion funds to urbanized areas and to submit a report no later than Dec. 31, 1999.

¹ See References in Text note below.

§5337. State of good repair grants

(a) Definitions.—In this section, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) Fixed guideway.—The term "fixed guideway" means a public transportation facility—

(A) using and occupying a separate right-of-way for the exclusive use of public transportation;

(B) using rail;

(C) using a fixed catenary system;

(D) for a passenger ferry system; or

(E) for a bus rapid transit system.

(2) State.—The term "State" means the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.

(3) State of good repair.—The term "state of good repair" has the meaning given that term by the Secretary, by rule, under section 5326(b).

(4) Transit asset management plan.—The term "transit asset management plan" means a plan developed by a recipient of funding under this chapter that—

(A) includes, at a minimum, capital asset inventories and condition assessments, decision support tools, and investment prioritization; and

(B) the recipient certifies that the recipient complies with the rule issued under section 5326(d).

(b) General Authority.—

(1) Eligible projects.—The Secretary may make grants under this section to assist State and local governmental authorities in financing capital projects to maintain public transportation systems in a state of good repair, including projects to replace and rehabilitate—

(A) rolling stock;

(B) track;

(C) line equipment and structures;

(D) signals and communications;

(E) power equipment and substations;

(F) passenger stations and terminals;

(G) security equipment and systems;

(H) maintenance facilities and equipment;

(I) operational support equipment, including computer hardware and software;

(J) development and implementation of a transit asset management plan; and

(K) other replacement and rehabilitation projects the Secretary determines appropriate.

(2) Inclusion in plan.—A recipient shall include a project carried out under paragraph (1) in the transit asset management plan of the recipient upon completion of the plan.

(c) High Intensity Fixed Guideway State of Good Repair Formula.—

(1) In general.—Of the amount authorized or made available under section 5338(a)(2)(K),¹ 97.15 percent shall be apportioned to recipients in accordance with this subsection.

(2) Area share.—

(A) In general.—50 percent of the amount described in paragraph (1) shall be apportioned for fixed guideway systems in accordance with this paragraph.

(B) Share.—A recipient shall receive an amount equal to the amount described in subparagraph (A), multiplied by the amount the recipient would have received under this section, as in effect for fiscal year 2011, if the amount had been calculated in accordance with the provisions of section 5336(b)(1) and using the definition of the term "fixed guideway" under subsection (a) of this section, as such sections are in effect on the day after the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, and divided by the total amount apportioned for all areas under this section for fiscal year 2011.

(C) Recipient.—For purposes of this paragraph, the term "recipient" means an entity that received funding under this section, as in effect for fiscal year 2011.

(3) Vehicle revenue miles and directional route miles.—

(A) In general.—50 percent of the amount described in paragraph (1) shall be apportioned to recipients in accordance with this paragraph.

(B) Vehicle revenue miles.—A recipient in an urbanized area shall receive an amount equal to 60 percent of the amount described in subparagraph (A), multiplied by the number of fixed guideway vehicle revenue miles attributable to the urbanized area, as established by the Secretary, divided by the total number of all fixed guideway vehicle revenue miles attributable to all urbanized areas.

(C) Directional route miles.—A recipient in an urbanized area shall receive an amount equal to 40 percent of the amount described in subparagraph (A), multiplied by the number of fixed guideway directional route miles attributable to the urbanized area, as established by the Secretary, divided by the total number of all fixed guideway directional route miles attributable to all urbanized areas.

(4) Limitation.—

(A) In general.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the share of the total amount apportioned under this subsection that is apportioned to an area under this subsection shall not decrease by more than 0.25 percentage points compared to the share apportioned to the area under this subsection in the previous fiscal year.

(B) Special rule for fiscal year 2013.—In fiscal year 2013, the share of the total amount apportioned under this subsection that is apportioned to an area under this subsection shall not decrease by more than 0.25 percentage points compared to the share that would have been apportioned to the area under this section, as in effect for fiscal year 2011, if the share had been calculated using the definition of the term "fixed guideway" under subsection (a) of this section, as in effect on the day after the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012.

(5) Use of funds.—Amounts made available under this subsection shall be available for the exclusive use of fixed guideway projects.

(6) Receiving apportionment.—

(A) In general.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), for an area with a fixed guideway system, the amounts provided under this subsection shall be apportioned to the designated recipient for the urbanized area in which the system operates.

(B) Exception.—An area described in the amendment made by section 3028(a) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (Public Law 105–178; 112 Stat. 366) shall receive an individual apportionment under this subsection.

(7) Apportionment requirements.—For purposes of determining the number of fixed guideway vehicle revenue miles or fixed guideway directional route miles attributable to an urbanized area for a fiscal year under this subsection, only segments of fixed guideway systems placed in revenue service not later than 7 years before the first day of the fiscal year shall be deemed to be attributable to an urbanized area.

(d) High Intensity Motorbus State of Good Repair.—

(1) Definition.—For purposes of this subsection, the term "high intensity motorbus" means public transportation that is provided on a facility with access for other high-occupancy vehicles.

(2) Apportionment.—Of the amount authorized or made available under section 5338(a)(2)(K),¹ 2.85 percent shall be apportioned to urbanized areas for high intensity motorbus vehicle state of good repair in accordance with this subsection.

(3) Vehicle revenue miles and directional route miles.—

(A) In general.—The amount described in paragraph (2) shall be apportioned to each area in accordance with this paragraph.

(B) Vehicle revenue miles.—Each area shall receive an amount equal to 60 percent of the amount described in subparagraph (A), multiplied by the number of high intensity motorbus vehicle revenue miles attributable to the area, as established by the Secretary, divided by the total number of all high intensity motorbus vehicle revenue miles attributable to all areas.

(C) Directional route miles.—Each area shall receive an amount equal to 40 percent of the amount described in subparagraph (A), multiplied by the number of high intensity motorbus directional route miles attributable to the area, as established by the Secretary, divided by the total number of all high intensity motorbus directional route miles attributable to all areas.

(4) Apportionment requirements.—For purposes of determining the number of high intensity motorbus vehicle revenue miles or high intensity motorbus directional route miles attributable to an urbanized area for a fiscal year under this subsection, only segments of high intensity motorbus systems placed in revenue service not later than 7 years before the first day of the fiscal year shall be deemed to be attributable to an urbanized area.

(5) Use of funds.—Amounts apportioned under this subsection may be used for any project that is an eligible project under subsection (b)(1).

(e) Government Share of Costs.—

(1) Capital projects.—A grant for a capital project under this section shall be for 80 percent of the net project cost of the project. The recipient may provide additional local matching amounts.

(2) Remaining costs.—The remainder of the net project cost shall be provided—

(A) in cash from non-Government sources;

(B) from revenues derived from the sale of advertising and concessions; or

(C) from an undistributed cash surplus, a replacement or depreciation cash fund or reserve, or new capital.

(f) Competitive Grants for Rail Vehicle Replacement.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary may make grants under this subsection to assist State and local governmental authorities in financing capital projects for the replacement of rail rolling stock.

(2) Grant requirements.—Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, a grant under this subsection shall be subject to the same terms and conditions as a grant under subsection (b).

(3) Competitive process.—The Secretary shall solicit grant applications and make not more than 3 new awards to eligible projects under this subsection on a competitive basis each fiscal year.

(4) Consideration.—In awarding grants under this subsection, the Secretary shall consider—

(A) the size of the rail system of the applicant;

(B) the amount of funds available to the applicant under this subsection;

(C) the age and condition of the rail rolling stock of the applicant that has exceeded or will exceed the useful service life of the rail rolling stock in the 5-year period following the grant; and

(D) whether the applicant has identified replacement of the rail vehicles as a priority in the investment prioritization portion of the transit asset management plan of the recipient pursuant to part 625 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations).

(5) Maximum share of competitive grant assistance.—The amount of grant assistance provided by the Secretary under this subsection, as a share of eligible project costs, shall be not more than 50 percent.

(6) Government share of cost.—The Government share of the cost of an eligible project carried out under this subsection shall not exceed 80 percent.

(7) Multi-year grant agreements.—

(A) In general.—An eligible project for which a grant is provided under this subsection may be carried out through a multi-year grant agreement in accordance with this paragraph.

(B) Requirements.—A multi-year grant agreement under this paragraph shall—

(i) establish the terms of participation by the Federal Government in the project; and

(ii) establish the maximum amount of Federal financial assistance for the project that may be provided through grant payments to be provided in not more than 3 consecutive fiscal years.

(C) Financial rules.—A multi-year grant agreement under this paragraph—

(i) shall obligate an amount of available budget authority specified in law; and

(ii) may include a commitment, contingent on amounts to be specified in law in advance for commitments under this paragraph, to obligate an additional amount from future available budget authority specified in law.

(D) Statement of contingent commitment.—A multi-year agreement under this paragraph shall state that the contingent commitment is not an obligation of the Federal Government.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 844; Pub. L. 103–429, §6(14), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4379; Pub. L. 102–240, title III, §3049(b), as added Pub. L. 105–130, §8, Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2559; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §§3028, 3029(b)(12), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 366, 373; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(p), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 858; Pub. L. 108–88, §8(b)(2), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1121; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3035(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1629; Pub. L. 110–244, title II, §201(m), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1611; Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §435, Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 89; Pub. L. 111–322, title II, §2305, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3528; Pub. L. 112–5, title III, §305, Mar. 4, 2011, 125 Stat. 19; Pub. L. 112–30, title I, §135, Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 352; Pub. L. 112–102, title III, §305, Mar. 30, 2012, 126 Stat. 277; Pub. L. 112–140, title III, §305, June 29, 2012, 126 Stat. 398; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20027, div. G, title III, §113005, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 723, 985; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3015, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1478; Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30016, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 911.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5337(a)	49 App.:1602(h) (1)–(4).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §3(h)(1)–(6); added Aug. 22, 1974, Pub. L. 93–503, §110, 88 Stat. 1573; Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §302(d), 92 Stat. 2737; restated Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3008, 105 Stat. 2091.
5337(b)	49 App.:1602(h)(5).
5337(c)	49 App.:1602(h)(6).
5337(d)	49 App.:1602(h)(7).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §3(h)(7); added Oct. 6, 1992, Pub. L. 102–388, §502(c), 106 Stat. 1566.

In subsection (a), the words "for expenditure" are omitted for consistency in this chapter. Before clause (1), the reference to fiscal year 1992 is omitted as obsolete.

In subsection (c), the words "Notwithstanding any other provision of law" are omitted as surplus. The word "paragraph" in the source provision is translated as it were "subsection" to reflect the apparent intent of Congress.

In subsection (d)(1), the words "for obligation", "a period of", and "the close of" are omitted as surplus.

Pub. L. 103–429

This amends 49:5337(a)(4) to correct an erroneous cross-reference.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 5338, referred to in subsecs. (c)(1) and (d)(2), was amended generally by Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30017, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 912. As amended, section 5338(a)(2)(K) no longer relates to allocations of funds to carry out this section, but such provision can be found elsewhere in section 5338.

The date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(B), (4)(B), is deemed to be Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Section 3028(a) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (Public Law 105–178; 112 Stat. 366), referred to in subsec. (c)(6)(B), amended generally subsec. (a) of this section. See 1998 Amendment note below.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 117–58 added subsec. (f).

2015—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, §3015(b)(1), substituted "5338(a)(2)(K)" for "5338(a)(2)(I)".

Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 114–94, §3015(a)(1), inserted "the provisions of" before "section 5336(b)(1)".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 114–94, §3015(a)(2)(A), (b)(2), substituted "5338(a)(2)(K)" for "5338(a)(2)(I)" and inserted "vehicle" after "motorbus".

Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 114–94, §3015(a)(2)(B), added par. (5).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 114–94, §3015(a)(3), added subsec. (e).

2012—Pub. L. 112–141, §20027, amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to apportionment based on fixed guideway factors.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 112–141, §113005, struck out subsec. (g). Text read as follows: "The Secretary shall apportion amounts made available for fixed guideway modernization under section 5309 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012, in accordance with subsection (a), except that the Secretary shall apportion 75 percent of each dollar amount specified in subsection (a)."

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 305, temporarily amended subsec. (g) generally, enacting similar provisions but directing the Secretary to apportion 76 percent of each dollar amount specified in subsec. (a) for the period beginning on Oct. 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012. See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102 amended subsec. (g) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary shall apportion amounts made available for fixed guideway modernization under section 5309 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012, in accordance with subsection (a), except that the Secretary shall apportion 50 percent of each dollar amount specified in subsection (a)."

2011—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–30, §135(1), substituted "2012" for "2011" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 112–5, §305(1), substituted "2011" for "2010" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 112–30, §135(2), added subsec. (g).

Pub. L. 112–5, §305(2), struck out subsec. (g). Text read as follows: "The Secretary shall apportion amounts made available for fixed guideway modernization under section 5309 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending March 4, 2011, in accordance with subsection (a), except that the Secretary shall apportion 155/365ths of each dollar amount specified in subsection (a)."

2010—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–147, §435(1), substituted "2010" for "2009" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 111–322 amended subsec. (g) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary shall apportion amounts made available for fixed guideway modernization under section 5309 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010, in accordance with subsection (a), except that the Secretary shall apportion 25 percent of each dollar amount specified in subsection (a)."

Pub. L. 111–147, §435(2), added subsec. (g).

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–244 substituted "for each of fiscal years 2005 through 2009" for "for each of fiscal years 1998 through 2003" in introductory provisions.

2005—Pub. L. 109–59, §3035(a)(1), substituted "Apportionment based on fixed guideway factors" for "Apportionment of appropriations for fixed guideway modernization" in section catchline.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–59, §3035(a)(2), added subsec. (f).

2003—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 108–88 struck out subsec. (e) relating to special rule.

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §3028(c), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, in par. (2)(B), substituted "(e)(1)" for "(e)", in par. (3)(D), substituted "(2)(B)" for "(2)(B)(ii)" and "(e)(1)" for "(e)", in par. (4), substituted "(e)(1)" for "(e)", and in pars. (5) to (7), substituted "(e)(2)" for "(e)" wherever appearing.

Pub. L. 105–178, §3028(a), amended heading and text of subsec. (a) generally, substituting provisions relating to distribution for fiscal years 1998 through 2003 for provisions relating to percentage distribution for fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1993–1997 and for period of Oct. 1, 1997 through Mar. 31, 1998.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–178, §3028(b), added subsec. (e) relating to route segments to be included in apportionment formulas.

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §3029(b)(12), which directed substitution of "subsections (b) and (h)(4) of section 5338" for "section 5338(f)", could not be executed because "section 5338(f)" does not appear in text.

1997—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, §3049(b)(1), as added by Pub. L. 105–130, inserted "and for the period of October 1, 1997, through March 31, 1998," after "1997," in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–240, §3049(b)(2), as added by Pub. L. 105–130, added subsec. (e).

1994—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 103–429 substituted "section 5336(b)(2)(A) of this title" for "section 5336(B)(2)(A)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by section 20027 of Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Amendment by section 113005 of Pub. L. 112–141 effective July 1, 2012, see section 114001 of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as a note under section 5305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–140 to cease to be effective on July 6, 2012, with text as amended by Pub. L. 112–140 to revert back to read as it did on the day before June 29, 2012, and amendments by Pub. L. 112–141 to be executed as if Pub. L. 112–140 had not been enacted, see section 1(c) of Pub. L. 112–140, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–429 effective July 5, 1994, see section 9 of Pub. L. 103–429, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.

Special Rule for Partial Fiscal Year Funding

Pub. L. 108–310, §8(b), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1154, provided for pro rata apportionment for fixed guideway modernization to reflect partial fiscal year 2005 funding.

Pub. L. 108–88, §8(b)(1), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1121, as amended by Pub. L. 108–202, §9(b), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 485; Pub. L. 108–224, §7(b), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 633; Pub. L. 108–263, §7(b), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 704, which directed the Secretary of Transportation to determine the amount that each urbanized area would be apportioned for fixed guideway modernization under section 5337 of this title on a pro rata basis reflecting partial fiscal year 2004 funding made available under section 5338 of this title, was repealed by Pub. L. 108–280, §7(b), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 882.

¹ See References in Text note below.

§5338. Authorizations

(a) Grants.—

(1) In general.—There shall be available from the Mass Transit Account of the Highway Trust Fund to carry out sections 5305, 5307, 5310, 5311, 5312, 5314, 5318, 5335, 5337, 5339, and 5340, section 20005(b) of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 5303 note; Public Law 112–141), and section 3006(b) of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015 (49 U.S.C. 5310 note; Public Law 114–94)—

(A) $13,355,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;

(B) $13,634,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;

(C) $13,990,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;

(D) $14,279,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and

(E) $14,642,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.

(2) Allocation of funds.—Of the amounts made available under paragraph (1)—

(A) $184,647,343 for fiscal year 2022, $188,504,820 for fiscal year 2023, $193,426,906 for fiscal year 2024, $197,422,644 for fiscal year 2025, and $202,441,512 for fiscal year 2026 shall be available to carry out section 5305;

(B) $13,157,184 for fiscal year 2022, $13,432,051 for fiscal year 2023, $13,782,778 for fiscal year 2024, $14,067,497 for fiscal year 2025, and $14,425,121 for fiscal year 2026 shall be available to carry out section 20005(b) of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 5303 note; Public Law 112–141);

(C) $6,408,288,249 for fiscal year 2022, $6,542,164,133 for fiscal year 2023, $6,712,987,840 for fiscal year 2024, $6,851,662,142 for fiscal year 2025, and $7,025,844,743 for fiscal year 2026 shall be allocated in accordance with section 5336 to provide financial assistance for urbanized areas under section 5307;

(D) $371,247,094 for fiscal year 2022, $379,002,836 for fiscal year 2023, $388,899,052 for fiscal year 2024, $396,932,778 for fiscal year 2025, and $407,023,583 for fiscal year 2026 shall be available to provide financial assistance for services for the enhanced mobility of seniors and individuals with disabilities under section 5310;

(E) $4,605,014 for fiscal year 2022, $4,701,218 for fiscal year 2023, $4,823,972 for fiscal year 2024, $4,923,624 for fiscal year 2025, and $5,048,792 for fiscal year 2026 shall be available for the pilot program for innovative coordinated access and mobility under section 3006(b) of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015 (49 U.S.C. 5310 note; Public Law 114–94);

(F) $875,289,555 for fiscal year 2022, $893,575,275 for fiscal year 2023, $916,907,591 for fiscal year 2024, $935,848,712 for fiscal year 2025, and $959,639,810 for fiscal year 2026 shall be available to provide financial assistance for rural areas under section 5311;

(G) $36,840,115 for fiscal year 2022, $37,609,743 for fiscal year 2023, $38,591,779 for fiscal year 2024, $39,388,993 for fiscal year 2025, and $40,390,337 for fiscal year 2026 shall be available to carry out section 5312, of which—

(i) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2022, $5,104,455 for fiscal year 2023, $5,237,739 for fiscal year 2024, $5,345,938 for fiscal year 2025, and $5,481,842 for fiscal year 2026 shall be available to carry out section 5312(h); and

(ii) $6,578,592 for fiscal year 2022, $6,716,026 for fiscal year 2023, $6,891,389 for fiscal year 2024, $7,033,749 for fiscal year 2025, and $7,212,560 for fiscal year 2026 shall be available to carry out section 5312(i);

(H) $11,841,465 for fiscal year 2022, $12,088,846 for fiscal year 2023, $12,404,500 for fiscal year 2024, $12,660,748 for fiscal year 2025, and $12,982,608 for fiscal year 2026 shall be available to carry out section 5314, of which $6,578,592 for fiscal year 2022, $6,716,026 for fiscal year 2023, $6,891,389 for fiscal year 2024, $7,033,749 for fiscal year 2025, and $7,212,560 for fiscal year 2026 shall be available for the national transit institute under section 5314(c);

(I) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2022, $5,104,455 for fiscal year 2023, $5,237,739 for fiscal year 2024, $5,345,938 for fiscal year 2025, and $5,481,842 for fiscal year 2026 shall be available for bus testing under section 5318;

(J) $131,000,000 for fiscal year 2022, $134,930,000 for fiscal year 2023, $138,977,900 for fiscal year 2024, $143,147,237 for fiscal year 2025, and $147,441,654 for fiscal year 2026 shall be available to carry out section 5334;

(K) $5,262,874 for fiscal year 2022, $5,372,820 for fiscal year 2023, $5,513,111 for fiscal year 2024, $5,626,999 for fiscal year 2025, and $5,770,048 for fiscal year 2026 shall be available to carry out section 5335;

(L) $3,515,528,226 for fiscal year 2022, $3,587,778,037 for fiscal year 2023, $3,680,934,484 for fiscal year 2024, $3,755,675,417 for fiscal year 2025, and $3,850,496,668 for fiscal year 2026 shall be available to carry out section 5337, of which $300,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026 shall be available to carry out section 5337(f);

(M) $603,992,657 for fiscal year 2022, $616,610,699 for fiscal year 2023, $632,711,140 for fiscal year 2024, $645,781,441 for fiscal year 2025, and $662,198,464 for fiscal year 2026 shall be available for the bus and buses facilities program under section 5339(a);

(N) $447,257,433 for fiscal year 2022, $456,601,111 for fiscal year 2023, $468,523,511 for fiscal year 2024, $478,202,088 for fiscal year 2025, and $490,358,916 for fiscal year 2026 shall be available for buses and bus facilities competitive grants under section 5339(b) and no or low emission grants under section 5339(c), of which $71,561,189 for fiscal year 2022, $73,056,178 for fiscal year 2023, $74,963,762 for fiscal year 2024, $76,512,334 for fiscal year 2025, and $78,457,427 for fiscal year 2026 shall be available to carry out section 5339(c); and

(O) $741,042,792 for fiscal year 2022, $756,523,956 for fiscal year 2023, $776,277,698 for fiscal year 2024, $792,313,742 for fiscal year 2025, and $812,455,901 for fiscal year 2026, to carry out section 5340 to provide financial assistance for urbanized areas under section 5307 and rural areas under section 5311, of which—

(i) $392,752,680 for fiscal year 2022, $400,957,696 for fiscal year 2023, $411,427,180 for fiscal year 2024, $419,926,283 for fiscal year 2025, and $430,601,628 for fiscal year 2026 shall be for growing States under section 5340(c); and

(ii) $348,290,112 for fiscal year 2022, $355,566,259 for fiscal year 2023, $364,850,518 for fiscal year 2024, $372,387,459 for fiscal year 2025, and $381,854,274 for fiscal year 2026 shall be for high density States under section 5340(d).

(b) Capital Investment Grants.—There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out section 5309 of this title and section 3005(b) of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015 (49 U.S.C. 5309 note; Public Law 114–94), $3,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.

(c) Oversight.—

(1) In general.—Of the amounts made available to carry out this chapter for a fiscal year, the Secretary may use not more than the following amounts for the activities described in paragraph (2):

(A) 0.5 percent of amounts made available to carry out section 5305.

(B) 0.75 percent of amounts made available to carry out section 5307.

(C) 1 percent of amounts made available to carry out section 5309.

(D) 1 percent of amounts made available to carry out section 601 of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–432; 126 Stat. 4968).¹

(E) 0.5 percent of amounts made available to carry out section 5310.

(F) 0.5 percent of amounts made available to carry out section 5311.

(G) 1 percent of amounts made available to carry out section 5337, of which not less than 0.25 percent of amounts made available for this subparagraph shall be available to carry out section 5329.

(H) 0.75 percent of amounts made available to carry out section 5339.

(2) Activities.—The activities described in this paragraph are as follows:

(A) Activities to oversee the construction of a major capital project.

(B) Activities to review and audit the safety and security, procurement, management, and financial compliance of a recipient or subrecipient of funds under this chapter.

(C) Activities to provide technical assistance generally, and to provide technical assistance to correct deficiencies identified in compliance reviews and audits carried out under this section.

(D) Activities to carry out section 5334.

(3) Government share of costs.—The Government shall pay the entire cost of carrying out a contract under this subsection.

(4) Availability of certain funds.—Funds made available under paragraph (1)(C) shall be made available to the Secretary before allocating the funds appropriated to carry out any project under a full funding grant agreement.

(d) Grants as Contractual Obligations.—

(1) Grants financed from highway trust fund.—A grant or contract that is approved by the Secretary and financed with amounts made available from the Mass Transit Account of the Highway Trust Fund pursuant to this section is a contractual obligation of the Government to pay the Government share of the cost of the project.

(2) Grants financed from general fund.—A grant or contract that is approved by the Secretary and financed with amounts appropriated in advance from the General Fund of the Treasury pursuant to this section is a contractual obligation of the Government to pay the Government share of the cost of the project only to the extent that amounts are appropriated for such purpose by an Act of Congress.

(e) Availability of Amounts.—Amounts made available by or appropriated under this section shall remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 845; Pub. L. 104–287, §5(20), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3390; Pub. L. 102–240, §3049(c), as added Pub. L. 105–130, §8, Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2559; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3029(a), (c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 368; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(q), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 858; Pub. L. 108–88, §8(c), (e)–(g), (i), (k), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1121–1124; Pub. L. 108–202, §9(c), (e)–(g), (i), (k), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 485–487; Pub. L. 108–224, §7(c), (e)–(g), (i), (k), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 633–636; Pub. L. 108–263, §7(c), (e)–(g), (i), (k), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 704–707; Pub. L. 108–280, §7(c), (e)–(g), (i), (k), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 882–884; Pub. L. 108–310, §8(c), (e)–(g), (i), (k), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1154–1157; Pub. L. 109–14, §7(b), (d)–(f), (h), (j), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 331–333; Pub. L. 109–20, §7(b), (d)–(f), (h), (j), July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 353–355; Pub. L. 109–35, §7(b), (d)–(f), (h), (j), July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 386–388; Pub. L. 109–37, §7(b), (d)–(f), (h), (j), July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 401–403; Pub. L. 109–40, §7(b), (d)–(f), (h), (j), July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 417–419; Pub. L. 109–42, §5(a), July 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 436; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3036, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1629; Pub. L. 110–244, title II, §201(n), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1611; Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §436, Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 90; Pub. L. 111–322, title II, §2306, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3528; Pub. L. 112–5, title III, §306, Mar. 4, 2011, 125 Stat. 19; Pub. L. 112–30, title I, §136, Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 352; Pub. L. 112–102, title III, §306, Mar. 30, 2012, 126 Stat. 278; Pub. L. 112–140, title III, §306, June 29, 2012, 126 Stat. 398; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20028, div. G, title III, §113006, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 726, 985; Pub. L. 113–159, title I, §1203, Aug. 8, 2014, 128 Stat. 1845; Pub. L. 114–21, title I, §1203, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 223; Pub. L. 114–41, title I, §1203, July 31, 2015, 129 Stat. 450; Pub. L. 114–73, title I, §1203, Oct. 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 573; Pub. L. 114–87, title I, §1203, Nov. 20, 2015, 129 Stat. 682; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3016, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1479; Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30017, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 912.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5338(a)	49 App.:1617(a) (less availability).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §21; added Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §302(a), 96 Stat. 2140; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §328, 101 Stat. 238; restated Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3025, 105 Stat. 2112; Oct. 6, 1992, Pub. L. 102–388, §502(m)–(q), 106 Stat. 1567.
5338(b)	49 App.:1617(b) (less availability).
5338(c)	49 App.:1625(d) (1st sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §29(d); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §6022, 105 Stat. 2185.
5338(d)	49 App.:1607c(c)(6).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §11(c)(6); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §6024, 105 Stat. 2189; Sept. 23, 1992, Pub. L. 102–368, §801, 106 Stat. 1131.
5338(e)(1)	49 App.:1607c(b) (8)(B)(iii), (13) (1st sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §11(b) (8)(B)(iii), (10)(C), (13); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §6023, 105 Stat. 2186, 2187, 2188.
5338(e)(2)	49 App.:1607c(b) (1)(C).
5338(f)	49 App.:1617(g).
5338(g)–(i)	49 App.:1617(c) (less availability), (d) (less availability), (e).
5338(j)(1)	49 App.:1612(b) (last sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §16(b) (last sentence); added Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91–453, §8, 84 Stat. 968; Aug. 13, 1973, Pub. L. 93–87, §301(g), 87 Stat. 296; restated Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §311(a), 92 Stat. 2748; Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §317(a), 96 Stat. 2153.
5338(j)(2)	49 App.:1612(d).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §16(d); added Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91–453, §8, 84 Stat. 968; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3021(5), 105 Stat. 2110.
5338(j)(3)	49 App.:1603(c) (last sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §4(c) (last sentence); added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §303(e), 92 Stat. 2739; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3006(h)(1), 105 Stat. 2090.
5338(j)(4)	49 App.:1617(f) (less availability).
5338(j)(5)	49 App.:1602(m) (1st sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §3(m) (1st sentence); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §3009, 105 Stat. 2093.
5338(k)	49 App.:1607c(b)(13) (last sentence).
	49 App.:1617(b)(4).
	49 App.:1625(d) (last sentence).
5338(l)(1)	49 App.:1614(a) (last sentence).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §18(a) (last sentence); added Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, §313, 92 Stat. 2749.
5338(l)(2)	49 App.:1617(a)–(d), (f) (as (a)–(d), (f) relate to availability).
5338(l)(3)	49 App.:1607a–2(c).	July 9, 1964, Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302, §9B(c); added Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, §313, 101 Stat. 229.

In this section, references to fiscal year 1992 are omitted as obsolete.

In subsections (a)(1) and (b)(1), before each clause (A), the word "only" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (a)(1), before clause (A), the words "for the Secretary of Transportation" are added or clarity and consistency.

In subsections (a)(2) and (b)(2), before each clause (A), and (d), before clause (1), the words "to the Secretary" are added for clarity and consistency.

In subsections (b)(1), before clause (A), and (e)(1), the words "for the Secretary" are added for clarity and consistency.

In subsection (d), the text of 49 App.:1607c(c)(6) (last sentence) is omitted as obsolete.

In subsection (e)(1), the word "section" in the source provision is translated as if it were "subsection" to reflect the apparent intent of Congress.

In subsection (h)(3), the words "relating to university transportation centers" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (j)(2), the words "set aside and" and "exclusively" are omitted as surplus. The word "mass" is added for consistency in this chapter.

In subsection (k)(1), the words "Notwithstanding any other provision of law" in 49 App.:1607c(b)(13) (last sentence) and 1625(d) (last sentence) are omitted as surplus. The words "financed with" are added for clarity.

In subsection (k)(2), the words "that is financed with" are added for clarity.

In subsection (l)(3)(A), the words "for obligation by the recipient", "a period of", and "the close of" are omitted as surplus.

Pub. L. 104–287

This amends 49:5338(g)(2) to correct an erroneous cross-reference.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 20005(b) of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), (2)(B), is section 20005(b) of Pub. L. 112–141, which is set out as a note under section 5303 of this title.

Section 3006(b) of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), (2)(E), is section 3006(b) of Pub. L. 114–94, which is set out as a note under section 5310 of this title.

Section 3005(b) of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015, referred to in subsec. (b), is section 3005(b) of Pub. L. 114–94, which is set out as a note under section 5309 of this title.

Section 601 of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(D), is section 601 of div. B of Pub. L. 110–432, Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4968, which is not classified to the Code.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–58 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to fiscal years 2022 to 2026 for provisions relating to fiscal years 2016 to 2020.

2015—Pub. L. 114–94 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to fiscal years 2016 to 2020 for provisions relating to fiscal years 2013 to 2015.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–87, §1203(a)(1), substituted "and $1,526,434,426 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015" for "and $1,197,663,934 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1203(a)(1), substituted "and $1,197,663,934 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015" for "and $681,024,590 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1203(a)(1), substituted "$8,595,000,000 for fiscal year 2015, and $681,024,590 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015" for "and $7,158,575,342 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1203(a)(1), substituted "and $7,158,575,342 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015" for "and $5,722,150,685 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015".

Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 114–87, §1203(a)(2)(A), substituted "and $22,874,317 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015," for "and $17,947,541 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1203(a)(2)(A), substituted "and $17,947,541 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015," for "and $10,205,464 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1203(a)(2)(A), substituted "$128,800,000 for fiscal 2015, and $10,205,464 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015," for "and $107,274,521 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1203(a)(2)(A), substituted "and $107,274,521 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015," for "and $85,749,041 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 114–87, §1203(a)(2)(B), substituted "and $1,775,956 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015," for "and $1,393,443 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1203(a)(2)(B), substituted "and $1,393,443 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015," for "and $792,350 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1203(a)(2)(B), substituted "for each of fiscal years 2013 through 2015 and $792,350 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015," for "for each of fiscal years 2013 and 2014 and $8,328,767 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1203(a)(2)(B), substituted "and $8,328,767 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015," for "and $6,657,534 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,".

Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 114–87, §1203(a)(2)(C), substituted "and $791,836,749 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015," for "and $621,287,295 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1203(a)(2)(C), substituted "and $621,287,295 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015," for "and $353,281,011 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1203(a)(2)(C), substituted "$4,458,650,000 for fiscal year 2015, and $353,281,011 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015," for "and $3,713,505,753 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1203(a)(2)(C), substituted "and $3,713,505,753 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015," for "and $2,968,361,507 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,".

Subsec. (a)(2)(D). Pub. L. 114–87, §1203(a)(2)(D), substituted "and $45,872,951 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015," for "and $35,992,623 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1203(a)(2)(D), substituted "and $35,992,623 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015," for "and $20,466,393 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1203(a)(2)(D), substituted "$258,300,000 for fiscal year 2015, and $20,466,393 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015," for "and $215,132,055 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1203(a)(2)(D), substituted "and $215,132,055 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015," for "and $171,964,110 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,".

Subsec. (a)(2)(E). Pub. L. 114–87, §1203(a)(2)(E), substituted "and $107,942,623 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015," for "and $84,693,443 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,", "and $5,327,869 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015," for "and $4,180,328 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,", and "and $3,551,913 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015," for "and $2,786,885 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1203(a)(2)(E), substituted "and $84,693,443 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015," for "and $48,159,016 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,", "and $4,180,328 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015," for "and $2,377,049 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,", and "and $2,786,885 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015," for "and $1,584,699 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1203(a)(2)(E), substituted "$607,800,000 for fiscal year 2015, and $48,159,016 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015," for "and $506,222,466 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,", "$30,000,000 for fiscal year 2015, and $2,377,049 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015," for "and $24,986,301 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,", and "$20,000,000 for fiscal year 2015, and $1,584,699 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015," for "and $16,657,534 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1203(a)(2)(E), substituted "and $506,222,466 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015," for "and $404,644,932 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,", "and $24,986,301 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015," for "and $19,972,603 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,", and "and $16,657,534 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015," for "and $13,315,068 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,".

Subsec. (a)(2)(F). Pub. L. 114–87, §1203(a)(2)(F), substituted "and $532,787 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015," for "and $418,033 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1203(a)(2)(F), substituted "and $418,033 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015," for "and $237,705 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1203(a)(2)(F), substituted "each of fiscal years 2013 through 2015 and $237,705 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015," for "each of fiscal years 2013 and 2014 and $2,498,630 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1203(a)(2)(F), substituted "and $2,498,630 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015," for "and $1,997,260 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,".

Subsec. (a)(2)(G). Pub. L. 114–87, §1203(a)(2)(G), substituted "and $887,978 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015," for "and $696,721 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1203(a)(2)(G), substituted "and $696,721 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015," for "and $396,175 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1203(a)(2)(G), substituted "each of fiscal years 2013 through 2015 and $396,175 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015," for "each of fiscal years 2013 and 2014 and $4,164,384 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1203(a)(2)(G), substituted "and $4,164,384 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015," for "and $3,328,767 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,".

Subsec. (a)(2)(H). Pub. L. 114–87, §1203(a)(2)(H), substituted "and $683,743 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015," for "and $536,475 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1203(a)(2)(H), substituted "and $536,475 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015," for "and $305,055 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1203(a)(2)(H), substituted "each of fiscal years 2013 through 2015 and $305,055 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015," for "each of fiscal years 2013 and 2014 and $3,206,575 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1203(a)(2)(H), substituted "and $3,206,575 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015," for "and $2,563,151 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,".

Subsec. (a)(2)(I). Pub. L. 114–87, §1203(a)(2)(I), substituted "and $384,654,372 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015," for "and $301,805,738 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1203(a)(2)(I), substituted "and $301,805,738 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015," for "and $171,615,027 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1203(a)(2)(I), substituted "$2,165,900,000 for fiscal year 2015, and $171,615,027 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015," for "and $1,803,927,671 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1203(a)(2)(I), substituted "and $1,803,927,671 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015," for "and $1,441,955,342 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,".

Subsec. (a)(2)(J). Pub. L. 114–87, §1203(a)(2)(J), substituted "and $75,975,410 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015," for "and $59,611,475 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1203(a)(2)(J), substituted "and $59,611,475 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015," for "and $33,896,721 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1203(a)(2)(J), substituted "$427,800,000 for fiscal year 2015, and $33,896,721 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015," for "and $356,304,658 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1203(a)(2)(J), substituted "and $356,304,658 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015," for "and $284,809,315 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,".

Subsec. (a)(2)(K). Pub. L. 114–87, §1203(a)(2)(K), substituted "and $93,397,541 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015," for "and $73,281,148 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1203(a)(2)(K), substituted "and $73,281,148 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015," for "and $41,669,672 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1203(a)(2)(K), substituted "$525,900,000 for fiscal year 2015, and $41,669,672 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015," for "and $438,009,863 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1203(a)(2)(K), substituted "and $438,009,863 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015," for "and $350,119,726 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–87, §1203(b), substituted "and $12,431,694 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015" for "and $9,754,098 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1203(b), substituted "and $9,754,098 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015" for "and $5,546,448 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1203(b), substituted "$70,000,000 for fiscal year 2015, and $5,546,448 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015" for "and $58,301,370 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1203(b), substituted "and $58,301,370 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015" for "and $46,602,740 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–87, §1203(c), substituted "and $1,243,169 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015" for "and $975,410 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1203(c), substituted "and $975,410 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015" for "and $554,645 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1203(c), substituted "$7,000,000 for fiscal year 2015, and $554,645 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015" for "and $5,830,137 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1203(c), substituted "and $5,830,137 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015" for "and $4,660,274 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–87, §1203(d), substituted "and $1,243,169 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015" for "and $975,410 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1203(d), substituted "and $975,410 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015" for "and $554,645 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1203(d), substituted "$7,000,000 for fiscal year 2015, and $554,645 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015" for "and $5,830,137 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1203(d), substituted "and $5,830,137 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015" for "and $4,660,274 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 114–87, §1203(e), substituted "and $887,978 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015" for "and $696,721 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1203(e), substituted "and $696,721 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015" for "and $396,175 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1203(e), substituted "$5,000,000 for fiscal year 2015, and $396,175 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015" for "and $4,164,384 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1203(e), substituted "and $4,164,384 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015" for "and $3,328,767 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 114–87, §1203(f), substituted "and $338,674,863 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015" for "and $265,729,508 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1203(f), substituted "and $265,729,508 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015" for "and $151,101,093 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1203(f), substituted "$1,907,000,000 for fiscal year 2015, and $151,101,093 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015" for "and $1,558,295,890 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1203(f), substituted "and $1,558,295,890 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015" for "and $1,269,591,781 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015".

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 114–87, §1203(g)(1), substituted "and $18,469,945 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015" for "and $14,491,803 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1203(g)(1), substituted "and $14,491,803 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015" for "and $8,240,437 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1203(g)(1), substituted "$104,000,000 for fiscal year 2015, and $8,240,437 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015" for "and $86,619,178 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1203(g)(1), substituted "and $86,619,178 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015" for "and $69,238,356 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015".

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 114–87, §1203(g)(2), substituted "and not less than $887,978 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015," for "and not less than $696,721 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1203(g)(2), substituted "and not less than $696,721 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015," for "and not less than $396,175 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1203(g)(2), substituted "each of fiscal years 2013 through 2015 and not less than $396,175 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015," for "each of fiscal years 2013 and 2014 and not less than $4,164,384 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1203(g)(2), substituted "and not less than $4,164,384 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015," for "and not less than $3,328,767 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,".

Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 114–87, §1203(g)(3), substituted "and not less than $177,596 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015," for "and not less than $139,344 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–73, §1203(g)(3), substituted "and not less than $139,344 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015," for "and not less than $79,235 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–41, §1203(g)(3), substituted "each of fiscal years 2013 through 2015 and not less than $79,235 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015," for "each of fiscal years 2013 and 2014 and not less than $832,877 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,".

Pub. L. 114–21, §1203(g)(3), substituted "and not less than $832,877 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015," for "and not less than $665,753 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,".

2014—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 113–159, §1203(a)(1), substituted ", $8,595,000,000 for fiscal year 2014, and $5,722,150,685 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015" for "and $8,595,000,000 for fiscal year 2014".

Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 113–159, §1203(a)(2)(A), substituted ", $128,800,000 for fiscal year 2014, and $85,749,041 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015," for "and $128,800,000 for fiscal year 2014".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 113–159, §1203(a)(2)(B), inserted "and $6,657,534 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015," after "2014".

Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 113–159, §1203(a)(2)(C), substituted ", $4,458,650,000 for fiscal year 2014, and $2,968,361,507 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015," for "and $4,458,650,000 for fiscal year 2014".

Subsec. (a)(2)(D). Pub. L. 113–159, §1203(a)(2)(D), substituted ", $258,300,000 for fiscal year 2014, and $171,964,110 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015," for "and $258,300,000 for fiscal year 2014".

Subsec. (a)(2)(E). Pub. L. 113–159, §1203(a)(2)(E), substituted ", $607,800,000 for fiscal year 2014, and $404,644,932 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015," for "and $607,800,000 for fiscal year 2014", ", $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2014, and $19,972,603 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015," for "and $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2014", and ", $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2014, and $13,315,068 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015," for "and $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2014".

Subsec. (a)(2)(F). Pub. L. 113–159, §1203(a)(2)(F), inserted "and $1,997,260 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015," after "2014".

Subsec. (a)(2)(G). Pub. L. 113–159, §1203(a)(2)(G), inserted "and $3,328,767 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015," after "2014".

Subsec. (a)(2)(H). Pub. L. 113–159, §1203(a)(2)(H), inserted "and $2,563,151 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015," after "2014".

Subsec. (a)(2)(I). Pub. L. 113–159, §1203(a)(2)(I), substituted ", $2,165,900,000 for fiscal year 2014, and $1,441,955,342 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015," for "and $2,165,900,000 for fiscal year 2014".

Subsec. (a)(2)(J). Pub. L. 113–159, §1203(a)(2)(J), substituted ", $427,800,000 for fiscal year 2014, and $284,809,315 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015," for "and $427,800,000 for fiscal year 2014".

Subsec. (a)(2)(K). Pub. L. 113–159, §1203(a)(2)(K), substituted ", $525,900,000 for fiscal year 2014, and $350,119,726 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015," for "and $525,900,000 for fiscal year 2014".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–159, §1203(b), substituted ", $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2014, and $46,602,740 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015" for "and $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2014".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 113–159, §1203(c), substituted ", $7,000,000 for fiscal year 2014, and $4,660,274 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015" for "and $7,000,000 for fiscal year 2014".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–159, §1203(d), substituted ", $7,000,000 for fiscal year 2014, and $4,660,274 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015" for "and $7,000,000 for fiscal year 2014".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 113–159, §1203(e), substituted ", $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2014, and $3,328,767 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015" for "and $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2014".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 113–159, §1203(f), substituted ", $1,907,000,000 for fiscal year 2014, and $1,269,591,781 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015" for "and $1,907,000,000 for fiscal year 2014".

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 113–159, §1203(g)(1), substituted ", $104,000,000 for fiscal year 2014, and $69,238,356 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015" for "and $104,000,000 for fiscal year 2014".

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 113–159, §1203(g)(2), inserted "for each of fiscal years 2013 and 2014 and not less than $3,328,767 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015," before "shall be available".

Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 113–159, §1203(g)(3), inserted "for each of fiscal years 2013 and 2014 and not less than $665,753 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015," before "shall be available".

2012—Pub. L. 112–141, §20028, amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to authorizations and consisted of subsecs. (a) to (g).

Subsec. (b)(1)(G). Pub. L. 112–141, §113006(a)(1), added subpar. (G) and struck out former subpar. (G) which read as follows: "$6,270,423,750 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012."

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 306(a)(1), temporarily added subpar. (G), which made available $6,354,029,400 for the period beginning on Oct. 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012, and struck out former subpar. (G) which read as follows: "$6,270,423,750 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012." See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §306(a)(1), added subpar. (G) and struck out former subpar. (G) which read as follows: "$4,180,282,500 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012."

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 112–141, §113006(a)(2)(A), substituted "and $113,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2012" for "$113,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $85,125,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 306(a)(2)(A), temporarily substituted "$86,260,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "$85,125,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §306(a)(2)(A), substituted "$113,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $85,125,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "$113,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, $113,500,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $56,750,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 112–141, §113006(a)(2)(B), substituted "and $4,160,365,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2012" for "$4,160,365,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $3,120,273,750 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 306(a)(2)(B), temporarily substituted "$3,161,877,400 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "$3,120,273,750 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §306(a)(2)(B), substituted "$4,160,365,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $3,120,273,750 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "$4,160,365,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, $4,160,365,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $2,080,182,500 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 112–141, §113006(a)(2)(C), substituted "and $51,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2012" for "$51,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $38,625,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 306(a)(2)(C), temporarily substituted "$39,140,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "$38,625,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §306(a)(2)(C), substituted "$51,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $38,625,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "$51,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, $51,500,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $25,750,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(D). Pub. L. 112–141, §113006(a)(2)(D), substituted "and $1,666,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2012" for "$1,666,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $1,249,875,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 306(a)(2)(D), temporarily substituted "$1,266,540,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "$1,249,875,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §306(a)(2)(D), substituted "$1,666,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $1,249,875,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "$1,666,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, $1,666,500,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $833,250,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(E). Pub. L. 112–141, §113006(a)(2)(E), substituted "and $984,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2012" for "$984,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $738,000,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 306(a)(2)(E), temporarily substituted "$747,840,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "$738,000,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §306(a)(2)(E), substituted "$984,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $738,000,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "$984,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, $984,000,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $492,000,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(F). Pub. L. 112–141, §113006(a)(2)(F), substituted "and $133,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2012" for "$133,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $100,125,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 306(a)(2)(F), temporarily substituted "$101,460,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "$100,125,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §306(a)(2)(F), substituted "$133,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $100,125,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "$133,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, $133,500,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $66,750,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(G). Pub. L. 112–141, §113006(a)(2)(G), substituted "and $465,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2012" for "$465,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $348,750,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 306(a)(2)(G), temporarily substituted "$353,400,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "$348,750,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §306(a)(2)(G), substituted "$465,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $348,750,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "$465,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, $465,000,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $232,500,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(H). Pub. L. 112–141, §113006(a)(2)(H), substituted "and $164,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2012" for "$164,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $123,375,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 306(a)(2)(H), temporarily substituted "$125,020,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "$123,375,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §306(a)(2)(H), substituted "$164,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $123,375,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "$164,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, $164,500,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $82,250,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(I). Pub. L. 112–141, §113006(a)(2)(I), substituted "and $92,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2012" for "$92,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $69,375,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 306(a)(2)(I), temporarily substituted "$70,300,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "$69,375,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §306(a)(2)(I), substituted "$92,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $69,375,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "$92,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, $92,500,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $46,250,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(J). Pub. L. 112–141, §113006(a)(2)(J), substituted "and $26,900,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2012" for "$26,900,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $20,175,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 306(a)(2)(J), temporarily substituted "$20,444,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "$20,175,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §306(a)(2)(J), substituted "$26,900,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $20,175,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "$26,900,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, $26,900,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $13,450,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(K). Pub. L. 112–141, §113006(a)(2)(K), substituted "for each of fiscal years 2006 through 2012" for "for each of fiscal years 2006 through 2011 and $2,625,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 306(a)(2)(K), temporarily substituted "$2,660,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "$2,625,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §306(a)(2)(K), substituted "for each of fiscal years 2006 through 2011 and $2,625,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "in fiscal year 2006; $3,500,000 in fiscal year 2007; $3,500,000 in fiscal year 2008; $3,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, $3,500,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $1,750,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(L). Pub. L. 112–141, §113006(a)(2)(L), substituted "for each of fiscal years 2006 through 2012" for "for each of fiscal years 2006 through 2011 and $18,750,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 306(a)(2)(L), temporarily substituted "$19,000,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "$18,750,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §306(a)(2)(L), substituted "for each of fiscal years 2006 through 2011 and $18,750,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "in fiscal year 2006; $25,000,000 in fiscal year 2007; $25,000,000 in fiscal year 2008; $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $12,500,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(M). Pub. L. 112–141, §113006(a)(2)(M), substituted "and $465,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2012" for "$465,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $348,750,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 306(a)(2)(M), temporarily substituted "$353,400,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "$348,750,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §306(a)(2)(M), substituted "$465,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $348,750,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "$465,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, $465,000,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $232,500,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(N). Pub. L. 112–141, §113006(a)(2)(N), substituted "and $8,800,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2012" for "$8,800,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $6,600,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,".

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 306(a)(2)(N), temporarily substituted "$6,688,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "$6,600,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §306(a)(2)(N), substituted "$8,800,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, and $6,600,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "$8,800,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, $8,800,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $4,400,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,".

Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 112–141, §113006(b), amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (7) read as follows: "$1,466,250,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012."

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 306(b), temporarily amended par. (7) generally, authorizing $1,485,800,000 for the period beginning on Oct. 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012. See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §306(b), amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (7) read as follows: "$800,000,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012."

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 112–141, §113006(c)(1), substituted "through 2011, and $44,000,000 for fiscal year 2012," for "through 2011, and $33,000,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 306(c)(1), temporarily substituted "2011, and $33,440,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012," for "2011, and $33,000,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," in introductory provisions. See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §306(c)(1), substituted "through 2011, and $33,000,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012," for "and 2010, $69,750,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $29,500,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 112–141, §113006(c)(2), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3) which related to additional authorizations for research and the university centers program from Oct. 1, 2011, to June 30, 2012.

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 306(c)(2), temporarily added par. (3) which related to additional authorizations for research and the university centers program from Oct. 1, 2011, to July 6, 2012, and temporarily struck out former par. (3) which related to additional authorizations for research and the university centers program from Oct. 1, 2011, to June 30, 2012. See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §306(c)(2), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3) which related to additional authorizations for research and the university centers program from Oct. 1, 2011, to Mar. 31, 2012.

Subsec. (e)(7). Pub. L. 112–141, §113006(d), amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (7) read as follows: "$74,034,750 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on June 30, 2012."

Pub. L. 112–140, §§1(c), 306(d), temporarily amended par. (7) generally, authorizing $75,021,880 for the period beginning on Oct. 1, 2011, and ending on July 6, 2012. See Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–102, §306(d), amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (7) read as follows: "$49,455,500 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012."

2011—Subsec. (b)(1)(F). Pub. L. 112–5, §306(a)(1), added subpar. (F) and struck out former subpar. (F) which read as follows: "$3,550,376,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending March 4, 2011."

Subsec. (b)(1)(G). Pub. L. 112–30, §136(a)(1), added subpar. (G).

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 112–30, §136(a)(2)(A), substituted "$113,500,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $56,750,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "and $113,500,000 for fiscal year 2011".

Pub. L. 112–5, §306(a)(2)(A), substituted "$113,500,000 for fiscal year 2011" for "$48,198,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 112–30, §136(a)(2)(B), substituted "$4,160,365,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $2,080,182,500 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "and $4,160,365,000 for fiscal year 2011".

Pub. L. 112–5, §306(a)(2)(B), substituted "$4,160,365,000 for fiscal year 2011" for "$1,766,730,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending March 4, 2011,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 112–30, §136(a)(2)(C), substituted "$51,500,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $25,750,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "and $51,500,000 for fiscal year 2011".

Pub. L. 112–5, §306(a)(2)(C), substituted "$51,500,000 for fiscal year 2011" for "$21,869,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(D). Pub. L. 112–30, §136(a)(2)(D), substituted "$1,666,500,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $833,250,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "and $1,666,500,000 for fiscal year 2011".

Pub. L. 112–5, §306(a)(2)(D), substituted "$1,666,500,000 for fiscal year 2011" for "$707,691,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(E). Pub. L. 112–30, §136(a)(2)(E), substituted "$984,000,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $492,000,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "and $984,000,000 for fiscal year 2011".

Pub. L. 112–5, §306(a)(2)(E), substituted "$984,000,000 for fiscal year 2011" for "$417,863,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(F). Pub. L. 112–30, §136(a)(2)(F), substituted "$133,500,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $66,750,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "and $133,500,000 for fiscal year 2011".

Pub. L. 112–5, §306(a)(2)(F), substituted "$133,500,000 for fiscal year 2011" for "$56,691,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(G). Pub. L. 112–30, §136(a)(2)(G), substituted "$465,000,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $232,500,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "and $465,000,000 for fiscal year 2011".

Pub. L. 112–5, §306(a)(2)(G), substituted "$465,000,000 for fiscal year 2011" for "$197,465,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(H). Pub. L. 112–30, §136(a)(2)(H), substituted "$164,500,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $82,250,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "and $164,500,000 for fiscal year 2011".

Pub. L. 112–5, §306(a)(2)(H), substituted "$164,500,000 for fiscal year 2011" for "$69,856,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(I). Pub. L. 112–30, §136(a)(2)(I), substituted "$92,500,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $46,250,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "and $92,500,000 for fiscal year 2011".

Pub. L. 112–5, §306(a)(2)(I), substituted "$92,500,000 for fiscal year 2011" for "$39,280,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(J). Pub. L. 112–30, §136(a)(2)(J), substituted "$26,900,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $13,450,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "and $26,900,000 for fiscal year 2011".

Pub. L. 112–5, §306(a)(2)(J), substituted "$26,900,000 for fiscal year 2011" for "$11,423,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(K). Pub. L. 112–30, §136(a)(2)(K), substituted "$3,500,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $1,750,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "and $3,500,000 for fiscal year 2011".

Pub. L. 112–5, §306(a)(2)(K), substituted "$3,500,000 for fiscal year 2011" for "$1,486,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(L). Pub. L. 112–30, §136(a)(2)(L), substituted "$25,000,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $12,500,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "and $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2011".

Pub. L. 112–5, §306(a)(2)(L), substituted "$25,000,000 for fiscal year 2011" for "$10,616,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(M). Pub. L. 112–30, §136(a)(2)(M), substituted "$465,000,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $232,500,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "and $465,000,000 for fiscal year 2011".

Pub. L. 112–5, §306(a)(2)(M), substituted "$465,000,000 for fiscal year 2011" for "$197,465,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(N). Pub. L. 112–30, §136(a)(2)(N), substituted "$8,800,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $4,400,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "and $8,800,000 for fiscal year 2011".

Pub. L. 112–5, §306(a)(2)(N), substituted "$8,800,000 for fiscal year 2011" for "$3,736,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011,".

Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 112–5, §306(b), amended par. (6) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (6) read as follows: "$849,315,000 for the period of October 1, 2010 through March 4, 2011."

Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 112–30, §136(b), added par. (7).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 112–30, §136(c)(1), in introductory provisions, substituted "$69,750,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $29,500,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012," for "and $69,750,000 for fiscal year 2011".

Pub. L. 112–5, §306(c)(1)(A), substituted "$69,750,000 for fiscal year 2011" for "$29,619,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011," in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 112–5, §306(c)(1)(B), substituted "each of fiscal years 2009, 2010, and 2011" for "fiscal year 2009".

Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 112–30, §136(c)(2), substituted "2012" for "2011" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (d)(2)(A)(i) to (iii). Pub. L. 112–5, §306(c)(2)(A), substituted "2011" for "2009".

Subsec. (d)(2)(A)(v) to (viii). Pub. L. 112–5, §306(c)(2)(B), substituted "through 2011" for "and 2009".

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 112–30, §136(c)(3), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "If the Secretary determines that a project or activity described in paragraph (2) received sufficient funds in fiscal year 2010, or a previous fiscal year, to carry out the purpose for which the project or activity was authorized, the Secretary may not allocate any amounts under paragraph (2) for the project or activity for fiscal year 2011, or any subsequent fiscal year."

Pub. L. 112–5, §306(c)(3), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3) which provided additional authorizations for certain activities and projects.

Subsec. (e)(6). Pub. L. 112–5, §306(d), amended par. (6) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "$42,003,000 for the period of October 1, 2010 through March 4, 2011."

Subsec. (e)(7). Pub. L. 112–30, §136(d), added par. (7).

2010—Subsec. (b)(1)(E). Pub. L. 111–147, §436(a)(1), added subpar. (E).

Subsec. (b)(1)(F). Pub. L. 111–322, §2306(a)(1), amended subpar. (F) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (F) read as follows: "$2,090,141,250 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010."

Pub. L. 111–147, §436(a)(1), added subpar. (F).

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 111–322, §2306(a)(2)(A), substituted "$48,198,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" for "$28,375,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010".

Pub. L. 111–147, §436(a)(2)(A), substituted "$113,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, and $28,375,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010," for "and $113,500,000 for fiscal year 2009".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 111–322, §2306(a)(2)(B), substituted "$1,766,730,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending March 4, 2011" for "$1,040,091,250 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010".

Pub. L. 111–147, §436(a)(2)(B), substituted "$4,160,365,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, and $1,040,091,250 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010," for "and $4,160,365,000 for fiscal year 2009".

Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 111–322, §2306(a)(2)(C), substituted "$21,869,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" for "$12,875,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010".

Pub. L. 111–147, §436(a)(2)(C), substituted "$51,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, and $12,875,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010," for "and $51,500,000 for fiscal year 2009".

Subsec. (b)(2)(D). Pub. L. 111–322, §2306(a)(2)(D), substituted "$707,691,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" for "$416,625,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010".

Pub. L. 111–147, §436(a)(2)(D), substituted "$1,666,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, and $416,625,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010," for "and $1,666,500,000 for fiscal year 2009".

Subsec. (b)(2)(E). Pub. L. 111–322, §2306(a)(2)(E), substituted "$417,863,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" for "$246,000,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010".

Pub. L. 111–147, §436(a)(2)(E), substituted "$984,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, and $246,000,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010," for "and $984,000,000 for fiscal year 2009".

Subsec. (b)(2)(F). Pub. L. 111–322, §2306(a)(2)(F), substituted "$56,691,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" for "$33,375,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010".

Pub. L. 111–147, §436(a)(2)(F), substituted "$133,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, and $33,375,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010," for "and $133,500,000 for fiscal year 2009".

Subsec. (b)(2)(G). Pub. L. 111–322, §2306(a)(2)(G), substituted "$197,465,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" for "$116,250,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010".

Pub. L. 111–147, §436(a)(2)(G), substituted "$465,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, and $116,250,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010," for "and $465,000,000 for fiscal year 2009".

Subsec. (b)(2)(H). Pub. L. 111–322, §2306(a)(2)(H), substituted "$69,856,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" for "$41,125,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010".

Pub. L. 111–147, §436(a)(2)(H), substituted "$164,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, and $41,125,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010," for "and $164,500,000 for fiscal year 2009".

Subsec. (b)(2)(I). Pub. L. 111–322, §2306(a)(2)(I), substituted "$39,280,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" for "$23,125,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010".

Pub. L. 111–147, §436(a)(2)(I), substituted "$92,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, and $23,125,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010," for "and $92,500,000 for fiscal year 2009".

Subsec. (b)(2)(J). Pub. L. 111–322, §2306(a)(2)(J), substituted "$11,423,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" for "$6,725,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010".

Pub. L. 111–147, §436(a)(2)(J), substituted "$26,900,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, and $6,725,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010," for "and $26,900,000 for fiscal year 2009".

Subsec. (b)(2)(K). Pub. L. 111–322, §2306(a)(2)(K), substituted "$1,486,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" for "$875,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010".

Pub. L. 111–147, §436(a)(2)(K), which directed substitution of "$3,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, and $875,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010," for "and $3,500,000 for fiscal year 2009", was executed by making the substitution for "and $3,500,000 in fiscal year 2009", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (b)(2)(L). Pub. L. 111–322, §2306(a)(2)(L), "$10,616,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" for "$6,250,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010".

Pub. L. 111–147, §436(a)(2)(L), which directed substitution of "$25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, and $6,250,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010," for "and $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2009", was executed by making the substitution for "and $25,000,000 in fiscal year 2009", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (b)(2)(M). Pub. L. 111–322, §2306(a)(2)(M), substituted "$197,465,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" for "$116,250,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010".

Pub. L. 111–147, §436(a)(2)(M), substituted "$465,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, and $116,250,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010," for "and $465,000,000 for fiscal year 2009".

Subsec. (b)(2)(N). Pub. L. 111–322, §2306(a)(2)(N), substituted "$3,736,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" for "$2,200,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010".

Pub. L. 111–147, §436(a)(2)(N), substituted "$8,800,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, and $2,200,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010," for "and $8,800,000 for fiscal year 2009".

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 111–147, §436(b), added par. (5).

Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 111–322, §2306(b), amended par. (6) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (6) read as follows: "$500,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2010 through December 31, 2010."

Pub. L. 111–147, §436(b), added par. (6).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 111–322, §2306(c)(1), substituted "$29,619,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending March 4, 2011" for "$17,437,500 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 111–147, §436(c)(1), substituted "$69,750,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, and $17,437,500 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010" for "and $69,750,000 for fiscal year 2009" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 111–147, §436(c)(2), added par. (3).

Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 111–322, §2306(c)(2), amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Of amounts authorized to be appropriated for the period beginning October 1, 2010, through December 31, 2010, under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall allocate for each of the activities and projects described in subparagraphs (A) through (F) of paragraph (1) an amount equal to 25 percent of the amount allocated for fiscal year 2009 under each such subparagraph."

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 111–322, §2306(c)(3), amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Of the amounts allocated under subparagraph (A)(i) for the university centers program under section 5506 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010, the Secretary shall allocate for each program described in clauses (i) through (iii) and (v) through (viii) of paragraph (2)(A) an amount equal to 25 percent of the amount allocated for fiscal year 2009 under each such clause."

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 111–322, §2306(c)(4), substituted "2011" for "2010" and "2010" for "2009".

Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 111–147, §436(d), added par. (5).

Subsec. (e)(6). Pub. L. 111–322, §2306(d), amended par. (6) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "$24,727,750 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010."

Pub. L. 111–147, §436(d), added par. (6).

2008—Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 110–244 substituted "section 5315(b)(2)(P)" for "section 5315(a)(16)".

2005—Pub. L. 109–59 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section authorized appropriations and availability of funds to carry out sections 5303 to 5305, 5307 to 5315, 5322, and 5334 of this title for periods ranging from fiscal year 1998 to August 14, 2004.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(b)(1), substituted "july 30, 2005" for "july 27, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(b)(1), substituted "july 27, 2005" for "july 21, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(b)(1), substituted "july 21, 2005" for "july 19, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(b)(1), substituted "july 19, 2005" for "june 30, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(b)(1), substituted "june 30, 2005" for "may 31, 2005" in heading.

Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(vii). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(b)(2), substituted "$2,796,817,658" for "$2,795,000,000" and "July 30, 2005" for "July 27, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(b)(2), substituted "$2,795,000,000" for "$2,793,483,000" and "July 27, 2005" for "July 21, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(b)(2), substituted "$2,793,483,000" for "$2,675,300,000" and "July 21, 2005" for "July 19, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(b)(2), substituted "$2,675,300,000" for "$2,545,785,000" and "July 19, 2005" for "June 30, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(b)(2), substituted "$2,545,785,000" for "$2,201,760,000" and "June 30, 2005" for "May 31, 2005".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B)(vii). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(b)(3), substituted "July 30, 2005" for "July 27, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(b)(3), substituted "July 27, 2005" for "July 21, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(b)(3), substituted "July 21, 2005" for "July 19, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(b)(3), substituted "July 19, 2005" for "June 30, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(b)(3), substituted "June 30, 2005" for "May 31, 2005".

Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(b)(4), substituted "July 30, 2005" for "July 27, 2005" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(b)(4), substituted "July 27, 2005" for "July 21, 2005" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(b)(4), substituted "July 21, 2005" for "July 19, 2005" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(b)(4), substituted "July 19, 2005" for "June 30, 2005" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(b)(4), substituted "June 30, 2005" for "May 31, 2005" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(d)(1), substituted "july 30, 2005" for "july 27, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(d)(1), substituted "july 27, 2005" for "july 21, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(d)(1), substituted "july 21, 2005" for "july 19, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(d)(1), substituted "july 19, 2005" for "june 30, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(d)(1), substituted "june 30, 2005" for "may 31, 2005" in heading.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(vii). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(d)(2), substituted "$2,336,442,169" for "$2,309,000,366" and "July 30, 2005" for "July 27, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(d)(2), substituted "$2,309,000,366" for "$2,263,265,142" and "July 27, 2005" for "July 21, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(d)(2), substituted "$2,263,265,142" for "$2,235,820,000" and "July 21, 2005" for "July 19, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(d)(2), substituted "$2,235,820,000" for "$2,012,985,000" and "July 19, 2005" for "June 30, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(d)(2), substituted "$2,012,985,000" for "$1,740,960,000" and "June 30, 2005" for "May 31, 2005".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(vii). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(d)(3), substituted "July 30, 2005" for "July 27, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(d)(3), substituted "July 27, 2005" for "July 21, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(d)(3), substituted "July 21, 2005" for "July 19, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(d)(3), substituted "July 19, 2005" for "June 30, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(d)(3), substituted "June 30, 2005" for "May 31, 2005".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(e)(1), substituted "july 30, 2005" for "july 27, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(e)(1), substituted "july 27, 2005" for "july 21, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(e)(1), substituted "july 21, 2005" for "july 19, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(e)(1), substituted "july 19, 2005" for "june 30, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(e)(1), substituted "june 30, 2005" for "may 31, 2005" in heading.

Subsec. (c)(2)(A)(vii). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(e)(2), substituted "$50,146,668" for "$49,546,681" and "July 30, 2005" for "July 27, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(e)(2), substituted "$49,546,681" for "$48,546,727" and "July 27, 2005" for "July 21, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(e)(2), substituted "$48,546,727" for "$47,946,667" and "July 21, 2005" for "July 19, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(e)(2), substituted "$47,946,667" for "$48,346,668" and "July 19, 2005" for "June 30, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(e)(2), substituted "$48,346,668" for "$41,813,334" and "June 30, 2005" for "May 31, 2005".

Subsec. (c)(2)(B)(vii). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(e)(3), substituted "July 30, 2005" for "July 27, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(e)(3), substituted "July 27, 2005" for "July 21, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(e)(3), substituted "July 21, 2005" for "July 19, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(e)(3), substituted "July 19, 2005" for "June 30, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(e)(3), substituted "June 30, 2005" for "May 31, 2005".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(f)(1), substituted "july 30, 2005" for "july 27, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(f)(1), substituted "july 27, 2005" for "july 21, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(f)(1), substituted "july 21, 2005" for "july 19, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(f)(1), substituted "july 19, 2005" for "june 30, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(f)(1), substituted "june 30, 2005" for "may 31, 2005" in heading.

Subsec. (d)(2)(A)(vii). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(f)(2), substituted "$39,950,343" for "$39,554,804" and "July 30, 2005" for "July 27, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(f)(2), substituted "$39,554,804" for "$37,385,434" and "July 27, 2005" for "July 21, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(f)(2), substituted "$37,385,434" for "$36,933,334" and "July 21, 2005" for "July 19, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(f)(2), substituted "$36,933,334" for "$32,683,333" and "July 19, 2005" for "June 30, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(f)(2), substituted "$32,683,333" for "$28,266,667" and "June 30, 2005" for "May 31, 2005".

Subsec. (d)(2)(B)(vii). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(f)(3), substituted "July 30, 2005" for "July 27, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(f)(3), substituted "July 27, 2005" for "July 21, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(f)(3), substituted "July 21, 2005" for "July 19, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(f)(3), substituted "July 19, 2005" for "June 30, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(f)(3), substituted "June 30, 2005" for "May 31, 2005".

Subsec. (d)(2)(C). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(f)(4), substituted "July 30, 2005" for "July 27, 2005" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(f)(4), substituted "July 27, 2005" for "July 21, 2005" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(f)(4), substituted "July 21, 2005" for "July 19, 2005" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(f)(4), substituted "July 19, 2005" for "June 30, 2005" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(f)(4), substituted "June 30, 2005" for "May 31, 2005" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(h)(1), substituted "july 30, 2005" for "july 27, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(h)(1), substituted "july 27, 2005" for "july 21, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(h)(1), substituted "july 21, 2005" for "july 19, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(h)(1), substituted "july 19, 2005" for "june 30, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(h)(1), substituted "june 30, 2005" for "may 31, 2005" in heading.

Subsec. (e)(2)(A). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(h)(2), substituted "$4,180,822" for "$4,131,508" and "July 30, 2005" for "July 27, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(h)(2), substituted "$4,131,508" for "$4,060,000" and "July 27, 2005" for "July 21, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(h)(2), substituted "$4,060,000" for "$4,000,000" and "July 21, 2005" for "July 19, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(h)(2), substituted "$4,000,000" for "$3,700,000" and "July 19, 2005" for "June 30, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(h)(2), substituted "$3,700,000" for "$3,200,000" and "June 30, 2005" for "May 31, 2005".

Subsec. (e)(2)(B). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(h)(3), substituted "July 30, 2005" for "July 27, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(h)(3), substituted "July 27, 2005" for "July 21, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(h)(3), substituted "July 21, 2005" for "July 19, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(h)(3), substituted "July 19, 2005" for "June 30, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(h)(3), substituted "June 30, 2005" for "May 31, 2005".

Subsec. (e)(2)(C)(i), (iii). Pub. L. 109–40, §7(h)(4), substituted "July 30, 2005" for "July 27, 2005" in introductory provisions of cl. (i) and in cl. (iii).

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(h)(4), substituted "July 27, 2005" for "July 21, 2005" in introductory provisions of cl. (i) and in cl. (iii).

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(h)(4), substituted "July 21, 2005" for "July 19, 2005" in introductory provisions of cl. (i) and in cl. (iii).

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(h)(4), substituted "July 19, 2005" for "June 30, 2005" in introductory provisions of cl. (i) and in cl. (iii).

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(h)(4), substituted "June 30, 2005" for "May 31, 2005" in introductory provisions of cl. (i) and in cl. (iii).

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 109–42, §5(a)(1), substituted "august 14" for "july 30" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–40, §7(j)(1), substituted "july 30, 2005" for "july 27, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(j)(1), substituted "july 27, 2005" for "july 21, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(j)(1), substituted "july 21, 2005" for "july 19, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(j)(1), substituted "july 19, 2005" for "june 30, 2005" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(j)(1), substituted "june 30, 2005" for "may 31, 2005" in heading.

Subsec. (f)(2)(A)(vii). Pub. L. 109–42, §5(a)(2), substituted "$57,650,686" for "$54,350,686" and "August 14" for "July 30".

Pub. L. 109–40, §7(j)(2), substituted "$54,350,686" for "$53,709,604" and "July 30, 2005" for "July 27, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(j)(2), substituted "$53,709,604" for "$52,780,000" and "July 27, 2005" for "July 21, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(j)(2), substituted "$52,780,000" for "$52,000,000" and "July 21, 2005" for "July 19, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(j)(2), substituted "$52,000,000" for "$48,100,000" and "July 19, 2005" for "June 30, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(j)(2), substituted "$48,100,000" for "$41,600,000" and "June 30, 2005" for "May 31, 2005".

Subsec. (f)(2)(B)(vii). Pub. L. 109–42, §5(a)(3), substituted "August 14" for "July 30".

Pub. L. 109–40, §7(j)(3), substituted "July 30, 2005" for "July 27, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–37, §7(j)(3), substituted "July 27, 2005" for "July 21, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–35, §7(j)(3), substituted "July 21, 2005" for "July 19, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–20, §7(j)(3), substituted "July 19, 2005" for "June 30, 2005".

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(j)(3), substituted "June 30, 2005" for "May 31, 2005".

2004—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(c)(1), inserted "and for the period of october 1, 2004, through may 31, 2005" after "through 2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–280, §7(c)(1), struck out "2003 and for the period of october 1, 2003, through july 31," before "2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(c)(1), substituted "july 31, 2004" for "june 30, 2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(c)(1), substituted "june 30, 2004" for "april 30, 2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(c)(1), substituted "april 30, 2004" for "february 29, 2004" in heading.

Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(vi). Pub. L. 108–280, §7(c)(2), added cl. (vi) and struck out former cl. (vi) which read: "$2,544,233,267 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004."

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(c)(2), substituted "$2,544,233,267" for "$2,289,809,940" and "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(c)(2), substituted "$2,289,809,940" for "$1,780,963,287" and "June 30, 2004" for "April 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(c)(2), substituted "$1,780,963,287" for "$1,292,948,344" and "April 30, 2004" for "February 29, 2004".

Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(vii). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(c)(2)–(4), added cl. (vii).

Subsec. (a)(2)(B)(vi). Pub. L. 108–280, §7(c)(3), added cl. (vi) and struck out former cl. (vi) which read: "$636,058,317 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004."

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(c)(3), substituted "$636,058,317" for "$572,452,485" and "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(c)(3), substituted "$572,452,485" for "$445,240,822" and "June 30, 2004" for "April 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(c)(3), substituted "$445,240,822" for "$323,459,169" and "April 30, 2004" for "February 29, 2004".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B)(vii). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(c)(2), (3), (5), added cl. (vii).

Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(c)(6), substituted "2005 (other than for the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005)" for "2003" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 108–280, §7(c)(4), substituted "each of fiscal years 1999 through 2003" for "a fiscal year (other than for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004)" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(c)(4), substituted "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(c)(4), substituted "June 30, 2004" for "April 30, 2004" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(c)(4), substituted "April 30, 2004" for "February 29, 2004" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(e)(1), inserted "and for the period of october 1, 2004, through may 31, 2005" after "through 2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–280, §7(e)(1), struck out "2003 and for the period of october 1, 2003, through july 31," before "2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(e)(1), substituted "july 31, 2004" for "june 30, 2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(e)(1), substituted "june 30, 2004" for "april 30, 2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(e)(1), substituted "april 30, 2004" for "february 29, 2004" in heading.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(vi). Pub. L. 108–280, §7(e)(2), added cl. (vi) and struck out former cl. (vi) which read: "$2,079,325,834 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004."

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(e)(2), substituted "$2,079,325,834" for "$1,871,393,250" and "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(e)(2), substituted "$1,871,393,250" for "$1,819,410,104" and "June 30, 2004" for "April 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(e)(2), substituted "$1,819,410,104" for "$1,022,503,342" and "April 30, 2004" for "February 29, 2004".

Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(vii). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(e)(2)–(4), added cl. (vii).

Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(vi). Pub. L. 108–280, §7(e)(3), added cl. (vi) and struck out former cl. (vi) which read: "$519,831,458 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004."

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(e)(3), substituted "$519,831,458" for "$467,848,313" and "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(e)(3), substituted "$467,848,313" for "$363,882,021" and "June 30, 2004" for "April 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(e)(3), substituted "$363,882,021" for "$255,801,669" and "April 30, 2004" for "February 29, 2004".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(vii). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(e)(2), (3), (5), added cl. (vii).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(f)(1), inserted "and for the period of october 1, 2004, through may 31, 2005" after "through 2004" in heading. See Codification note above.

Pub. L. 108–280, §7(f)(1), struck out "2003 and for the period of october 1, 2003, through july 31," before "2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(f)(1), substituted "july 31, 2004" for "june 30, 2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(f)(1), substituted "june 30, 2004" for "april 30, 2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(f)(1), substituted "april 30, 2004" for "february 29, 2004" in heading.

Subsec. (c)(2)(A)(vi). Pub. L. 108–280, §7(f)(2), added cl. (vi) and struck out former cl. (vi) which read: "$48,545,217 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004."

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(f)(2), substituted "$48,545,217" for "$43,690,695" and "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(f)(2), substituted "$43,690,695" for "$33,981,652" and "June 30, 2004" for "April 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(f)(2), substituted "$33,981,652" for "$24,636,667" and "April 30, 2004" for "February 29, 2004".

Subsec. (c)(2)(A)(vii). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(f)(2)–(4), added cl. (vii). See Codification note above.

Subsec. (c)(2)(B)(vi). Pub. L. 108–280, §7(f)(3), added cl. (vi) and struck out former cl. (vi) which read: "$11,929,200 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004."

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(f)(3), substituted "$11,929,200" for "$10,736,280" and "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(f)(3), substituted "$10,736,280" for "$8,350,440" and "June 30, 2004" for "April 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(f)(3), substituted "$8,350,440" for "$6,100,000" and "April 30, 2004" for "February 29, 2004".

Subsec. (c)(2)(B)(vii). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(f)(2), (3), (5), added cl. (vii). See Codification note above.

Subsec. (c)(2)(C). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(f)(6), inserted "or any portion of a fiscal year" after "for a fiscal year" in introductory provisions. See Codification note above.

Pub. L. 108–280, §7(f)(4), struck out "or any portion of a fiscal year" after "for a fiscal year" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(g)(1), inserted "and for the period of october 1, 2004, through may 31, 2005" after "through 2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–280, §7(g)(1), struck out "2003 and for the period of october 1, 2003, through july 31," before "2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(g)(1), substituted "july 31, 2004" for "june 30, 2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(g)(1), substituted "june 30, 2004" for "april 30, 2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(g)(1), substituted "april 30, 2004" for "february 29, 2004" in heading.

Subsec. (d)(2)(A)(vi). Pub. L. 108–280, §7(g)(2), added cl. (vi) and struck out former cl. (vi) which read: "$34,959,183 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004."

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(g)(2), substituted "$34,959,183" for "$31,463,265" and "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(g)(2), substituted "$31,463,265" for "$24,471,428" and "June 30, 2004" for "April 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(g)(2), substituted "$24,471,428" for "$16,536,667" and "April 30, 2004" for "February 29, 2004".

Subsec. (d)(2)(A)(vii). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(g)(2)–(4), added cl. (vii).

Subsec. (d)(2)(B)(vi). Pub. L. 108–280, §7(g)(3), added cl. (vi) and struck out former cl. (vi) which read: "$8,946,900 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004."

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(g)(3), substituted "$8,946,900" for "$8,052,210" and "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(g)(3), substituted "$8,052,210" for "$6,262,830" and "June 30, 2004" for "April 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(g)(3), substituted "$6,262,830" for "$4,095,000" and "April 30, 2004" for "February 29, 2004".

Subsec. (d)(2)(B)(vii). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(g)(2), (3), (5), added cl. (vii).

Subsec. (d)(2)(C). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(g)(6), inserted "(other than for the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005)" after "a fiscal year" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 108–280, §7(g)(4), struck out "(other than for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004)" after "a fiscal year".

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(g)(4), substituted "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(g)(4), substituted "June 30, 2004" for "April 30, 2004" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(g)(4), substituted "April 30, 2004" for "February 29, 2004" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(i)(1), inserted "and for the period of october 1, 2004, through may 31, 2005" after "2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–280, §7(i)(1), struck out "2003 and for the period of october 1, 2003, through july 31," before "2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(i)(1), substituted "july 31, 2004" for "june 30, 2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(i)(1), substituted "june 30, 2004" for "april 30, 2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(i)(1), substituted "april 30, 2004" for "february 29, 2004" in heading.

Subsec. (e)(2)(A). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(i)(2), inserted "and $3,200,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005" after "2004".

Pub. L. 108–280, §7(i)(2), struck out "2003 and $3,976,400 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31," before "2004".

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(i)(2), substituted "$3,976,400" for "$3,578,760" and "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(i)(2), substituted "$3,578,760" for "$2,783,480" and "June 30, 2004" for "April 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(i)(2), substituted "$2,783,480" for "$2,020,833" and "April 30, 2004" for "February 29, 2004".

Subsec. (e)(2)(B). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(i)(3), inserted "and $800,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005" after "2004".

Pub. L. 108–280, §7(i)(3), struck out "2003 and $994,100 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31," before "2004".

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(i)(3), substituted "$994,100" for "$894,690" and "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(i)(3), substituted "$894,690" for "$695,870" and "June 30, 2004" for "April 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(i)(3), substituted "$695,870" for "$505,833" and "April 30, 2004" for "February 29, 2004".

Subsec. (e)(2)(C)(i), (iii). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(i)(4), inserted "(other than for the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005)" after "fiscal year".

Pub. L. 108–280, §7(i)(4), struck out "(other than for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004)" after "fiscal year".

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(i)(4), substituted "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(i)(4), substituted "June 30, 2004" for "April 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(i)(4), substituted "April 30, 2004" for "February 29, 2004".

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(k)(1), inserted "and for the period of october 1, 2004, through may 31, 2005" after "2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–280, §7(k)(1), struck out "2003 and for the period of october 1, 2003, through july 31," before "2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(k)(1), substituted "july 31, 2004" for "june 30, 2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(k)(1), substituted "june 30, 2004" for "april 30, 2004" in heading.

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(k)(1), substituted "april 30, 2004" for "february 29, 2004" in heading.

Subsec. (f)(2)(A)(vi). Pub. L. 108–280, §7(k)(2), added cl. (vi) and struck out former cl. (vi) which read: "$50,036,366 for the period of October, 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004."

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(k)(2), substituted "$50,036,366" for "$45,032,730" and "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(k)(2), substituted "$45,032,730" for "$35,025,457" and "June 30, 2004" for "April 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(k)(2), substituted "$35,025,457" for "$24,585,834" and "April 30, 2004" for "February 29, 2004".

Subsec. (f)(2)(A)(vii). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(k)(2)–(4), added cl. (vii).

Subsec. (f)(2)(B)(vi). Pub. L. 108–280, §7(k)(3), added cl. (vi) and struck out former cl. (vi) which read: "$12,509,093 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004."

Pub. L. 108–263, §7(k)(3), substituted "$12,509,093" for "$11,258,183" and "July 31, 2004" for "June 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–224, §7(k)(3), substituted "$11,258,183" for "$8,756,364" and "June 30, 2004" for "April 30, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–202, §9(k)(3), substituted "$8,756,364" for "$6,150,833" and "April 30, 2004" for "February 29, 2004".

Subsec. (f)(2)(B)(vii). Pub. L. 108–310, §8(k)(2), (3), (5), added cl. (vii).

2003—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(c)(1), inserted "and for the period of october 1, 2003, through february 29, 2004" after "2003" in heading.

Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(vi). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(c)(2)–(4), added cl. (vi).

Subsec. (a)(2)(B)(vi). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(c)(2), (3), (5), added cl. (vi).

Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(c)(6), inserted "(other than for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004)" after "a fiscal year" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(e)(1), inserted "and for the period of october 1, 2003, through february 29, 2004" after "2003" in heading.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(vi). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(e)(2)–(4), added cl. (vi).

Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(vi). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(e)(2), (3), (5), added cl. (vi).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(f), which directed the amendment of section 5338(c)(2) by inserting "and for the period of october 1, 2003, through february 29, 2004" after "2003" in heading, by adding cl. (vi) to subpars. (A) and (B), and by inserting "or any portion of a fiscal year" after "fiscal year" in introductory provisions of subpar. (C), without specifying that title 49 of the United States Code was to be amended, was executed by making the amendments to this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(g)(1), inserted "and for the period of october 1, 2003, through february 29, 2004" after "2003" in heading.

Subsec. (d)(2)(A)(vi). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(g)(2)–(4), added cl. (vi).

Subsec. (d)(2)(B)(vi). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(g)(2), (3), (5), added cl. (vi).

Subsec. (d)(2)(C). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(g)(6), inserted "(other than for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004)" after "a fiscal year" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(i)(1), inserted "and for the period of october 1, 2003, through february 29, 2004" after "2003" in heading.

Subsec. (e)(2)(A). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(i)(2), inserted "and $2,020,833 for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004" after "2003".

Subsec. (e)(2)(B). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(i)(3), inserted "and $505,833 for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004" after "2003".

Subsec. (e)(2)(C)(i), (iii). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(i)(4), inserted "(other than for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004)" after "fiscal year".

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(k)(1), inserted "and for the period of october 1, 2003, through february 29, 2004" after "2003" in heading.

Subsec. (f)(2)(A)(vi). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(k)(2)–(4), added cl. (vi).

Subsec. (f)(2)(B)(vi). Pub. L. 108–88, §8(k)(2), (3), (5), added cl. (vi).

1998—Pub. L. 105–178, §3029(a), reenacted section catchline without change and amended text generally, substituting provisions relating to authorizations for Federal transit programs for fiscal years 1998 to 2003 for provisions relating to authorizations for Federal transit programs for fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1993 to 1997 and for period from Oct. 1, 1997 to Mar. 31, 1998.

Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §3029(c)(1)–(5), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, substituted "$42,200,000" for "$43,200,000", "$48,400,000" for "$46,400,000", "$50,200,000" for "$51,200,000", "$53,800,000" for "$52,800,000", and "$58,600,000" for "$57,600,000" in cls. (i) to (v), respectively.

Subsec. (d)(2)(C)(iii). Pub. L. 105–178, §3029(c)(6), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, inserted ", including not more than $1,000,000 shall be available to carry out section 5315(a)(16)" before semicolon.

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §3029(c)(7)(A), (B), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, substituted "Subject to paragraph (2)(C), there are" for "There are" and "5505" for "5317(b)".

Subsec. (e)(2)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §3029(c)(7)(A), (C)(i), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, substituted "Subject to subparagraph (C), there shall" for "There shall" and "5505" for "5317(b)".

Subsec. (e)(2)(B). Pub. L. 105–178, §3029(c)(7)(A), (C)(ii), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, substituted "Subject to subparagraph (C), in addition" for "In addition" and "5505" for "5317(b)".

Subsec. (e)(2)(C). Pub. L. 105–178, §3029(c)(7)(C)(iii), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 105–178, §3029(c)(7)(D), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, added par. (3).

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §3029(c)(8), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, substituted "(c)(1), (c)(2)(B), (d)(1), (d)(2)(B), (e)(1), (e)(2)(B), (f)(1), (f)(2)(B)," for "(c)(2)(B), (d)(2)(B), (e)(2)(B), (f)(2)(B),".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–178, §3029(c)(9), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, inserted "under the Transportation Discretionary Spending Guarantee for the Mass Transit Category" after "subsections (a) through (f)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (h)(5)(A) to (E). Pub. L. 105–178, §3029(c)(10), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, added subpars. (A) to (E) and struck out former subpars. (A) to (E) which read as follows:

"(A) for fiscal year 1999, $600,000,000;

"(B) for fiscal year 2000, $610,000,000;

"(C) for fiscal year 2001, $620,000,000;

"(D) for fiscal year 2002, $630,000,000; and

"(E) for fiscal year 2003, $630,000,000;".

1997—Subsec. (a)(1)(F). Pub. L. 102–240, §3049(c)(1)(A), as added by Pub. L. 105–130, added subpar. (F).

Subsec. (a)(2)(F). Pub. L. 102–240, §3049(c)(1)(B), as added by Pub. L. 105–130, added subpar. (F).

Subsec. (b)(1)(F). Pub. L. 102–240, §3049(c)(2), as added by Pub. L. 105–130, added subpar. (F).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–240, §3049(c)(3), as added by Pub. L. 105–130, inserted "and not more than $1,500,000 for the period of October 1, 1997, through March 31, 1998," after "1997,".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–240, §3049(c)(4), as added by Pub. L. 105–130, inserted "and not more than $3,000,000 is available from the Fund (except the Account) for the Secretary for the period of October 1, 1997, through March 31, 1998," after "1997,".

Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 102–240, §3049(c)(5), as added by Pub. L. 105–130, inserted before period at end "and $3,000,000 is available for section 5317 for the period of October 1, 1997, through March 31, 1998".

Subsec. (j)(5)(D). Pub. L. 102–240, §3049(c)(6), as added by Pub. L. 105–130, added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 102–240, §3049(c)(7), as added by Pub. L. 105–130, substituted "(e), or (m) of this section" for "or (e) of this section".

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 102–240, §3049(c)(8), as added by Pub. L. 105–130, added subsec. (m).

1996—Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 104–287 substituted "section 5311(b)(2)" for "section 5308(b)(2)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by section 20028 of Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Amendment by section 113006 of Pub. L. 112–141 effective July 1, 2012, see section 114001 of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as a note under section 5305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–140 to cease to be effective on July 6, 2012, with text as amended by Pub. L. 112–140 to revert back to read as it did on the day before June 29, 2012, and amendments by Pub. L. 112–141 to be executed as if Pub. L. 112–140 had not been enacted, see section 1(c) of Pub. L. 112–140, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–287 effective July 5, 1994, see section 8(1) of Pub. L. 104–287, set out as a note under section 5303 of this title.

Obligation Ceiling

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3018, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1487, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the total of all obligations from amounts made available from the Mass Transit Account of the Highway Trust Fund by subsection (a) of section 5338 of title 49, United States Code, and section 3028 of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015 [section 3028 of Pub. L. 114–94, 129 Stat. 1495] shall not exceed—

"(1) $9,347,604,639 in fiscal year 2016;

"(2) $9,733,706,043 in fiscal year 2017;

"(3) $9,733,353,407 in fiscal year 2018;

"(4) $9,939,380,030 in fiscal year 2019; and

"(5) $10,150,348,462 in fiscal year 2020."

Allocations for National Research and Technology Programs

Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3046, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1706, as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, title II, §201(o)(6), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1615; Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §437(f), Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 93; Pub. L. 111–322, title II, §2307(f), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3530; Pub. L. 112–5, title III, §307(f), Mar. 4, 2011, 125 Stat. 21; Pub. L. 112–30, title I, §137(f), Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 355; Pub. L. 112–102, title III, §307(f), Mar. 30, 2012, 126 Stat. 281; Pub. L. 112–140, title III, §307(f), June 29, 2012, 126 Stat. 402; Pub. L. 112–141, div. G, title III, §113007(f), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 988, which allocated amounts appropriated pursuant to former subsec. (d) of this section for various national research and technology programs, was repealed by Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20002(c)(5), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 622.

Adjustments for Surface Transportation Extension Act of 1997

Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3041, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 394, provided that the Secretary of Transportation ensure that the total apportionments and allocations made to a designated grant recipient under this section for fiscal year 1998 be reduced by the amount apportioned to such designated recipient pursuant to section 8 of Pub. L. 105–130 (amending sections 5309, 5337, and 5338 of this title) and in making the apportionments, the Secretary adjust the amount apportioned to each urbanized area for fixed guideway modernization for fiscal year 1998 to reflect the method of apportioning funds in former section 5337(a) of this title.

Training and Curriculum Development

Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3015(d), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(k)(2), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 857, and amended by Pub. L. 108–88, §8(j)(3), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1124; Pub. L. 108–202, §9(j)(2), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 487; Pub. L. 108–224, §7(j)(2), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 636; Pub. L. 108–263, §7(j)(2), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 108–280, §7(j)(2), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 884; Pub. L. 108–310, §8(j)(3), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1157; Pub. L. 109–14, §7(i)(2), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 332; Pub. L. 109–20, §7(i)(2), July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 355; Pub. L. 109–35, §7(i)(2), July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 388; Pub. L. 109–37, §7(i)(2), July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 403; Pub. L. 109–40, §7(i)(2), July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 419, specified how funds made available by former subsec. (e)(2)(C)(iii) of this section could be used by certain institutions for transportation research, training, and curriculum development.

Programs of Federal Transit Administration; Limitation on Obligations

Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title I, §140, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2420, which provided that the limitations on obligations for the programs of the Federal Transit Administration were not to apply to any authority under this section previously made available for obligation, or to any other authority previously made available for obligation, was from the Transportation, Treasury, Housing and Urban Development, the Judiciary, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006 and was repeated in provisions of subsequent appropriations acts which are not set out in the Code.

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 108–447, div. H, title I, §160, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3227.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title I, §160, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 308.

Pub. L. 108–7, div. I, title III, §309, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 407.

Pub. L. 107–87, title III, §309, Dec. 18, 2001, 115 Stat. 855.

Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title III, §311], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A-27.

Pub. L. 106–69, title III, §311, Oct. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1018.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(g) [title III, §311], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–439, 2681-467.

Pub. L. 105–66, title III, §311, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1443.

Pub. L. 104–205, title III, §311, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 2971.

Pub. L. 104–50, title III, §312, Nov. 15, 1995, 109 Stat. 455.

Pub. L. 103–331, title III, §313, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2490.

Pub. L. 103–122, title III, §313, Oct. 27, 1993, 107 Stat. 1221.

Pub. L. 102–388, title III, §313, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1546.

Pub. L. 102–143, title III, §313, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 941, as amended by Pub. L. 102–240, title III, §§3003(b), 3004(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2088.

Pub. L. 101–516, title III, §313, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2181.

Pub. L. 101–164, title III, §314, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1094.

Pub. L. 100–457, title III, §314, Sept. 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 2148.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(l) [title III, §314], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–358, 1329-379.

Pub. L. 99–500, §101(l) [H.R. 5205, title III, §317], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(l) [H.R. 5205, title III, §317], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308.

Pub. L. 99–190, §101(e) [title III, §322], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1267, 1287.

¹ So in original. Should be "122 Stat. 4968)." See References in Text note below.

§5339. Grants for buses and bus facilities

(a) Formula Grants.—

(1) Definitions.—In this subsection—

(A) the term "low or no emission vehicle" has the meaning given that term in subsection (c)(1);

(B) the term "State" means a State of the United States; and

(C) the term "territory" means the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the United States Virgin Islands.

(2) General authority.—The Secretary may make grants under this subsection to assist eligible recipients described in paragraph (4)(A) in financing capital projects—

(A) to replace, rehabilitate, and purchase buses and related equipment, including technological changes or innovations to modify low or no emission vehicles or facilities; and

(B) to construct bus-related facilities.

(3) Grant requirements.—The requirements of—

(A) section 5307 shall apply to recipients of grants made in urbanized areas under this subsection; and

(B) section 5311 shall apply to recipients of grants made in rural areas under this subsection.

(4) Eligible recipients.—

(A) Recipients.—Eligible recipients under this subsection are—

(i) designated recipients that allocate funds to fixed route bus operators; or

(ii) State or local governmental entities that operate fixed route bus service.

(B) Subrecipients.—A recipient that receives a grant under this subsection may allocate amounts of the grant to subrecipients that are public agencies or private nonprofit organizations engaged in public transportation.

(5) Distribution of grant funds.—Funds allocated under section 5338(a)(2)(L) ¹ shall be distributed as follows:

(A) National distribution.—$206,000,000 each fiscal year shall be allocated to all States and territories, with each State receiving $4,000,000 for each such fiscal year and each territory receiving $1,000,000 for each such fiscal year.

(B) Distribution using population and service factors.—The remainder of the funds not otherwise distributed under subparagraph (A) shall be allocated pursuant to the formula set forth in section 5336 other than subsection (b).

(6) Transfers of apportionments.—

(A) Transfer flexibility for national distribution funds.—The Governor of a State may transfer any part of the State's apportionment under paragraph (5)(A) to supplement amounts apportioned to the State under section 5311(c) or amounts apportioned to urbanized areas under subsections (a) and (c) of section 5336.

(B) Transfer flexibility for population and service factors funds.—The Governor of a State may expend in an urbanized area with a population of less than 200,000 any amounts apportioned under paragraph (5)(B) that are not allocated to designated recipients in urbanized areas with a population of 200,000 or more.

(7) Government share of costs.—

(A) Capital projects.—A grant for a capital project under this subsection shall be for 80 percent of the net capital costs of the project. A recipient of a grant under this subsection may provide additional local matching amounts.

(B) Remaining costs.—The remainder of the net project cost shall be provided—

(i) in cash from non-Government sources other than revenues from providing public transportation services;

(ii) from revenues derived from the sale of advertising and concessions;

(iii) from an undistributed cash surplus, a replacement or depreciation cash fund or reserve, or new capital;

(iv) from amounts received under a service agreement with a State or local social service agency or private social service organization; or

(v) from revenues generated from value capture financing mechanisms.

(8) Period of availability to recipients.—Amounts made available under this subsection may be obligated by a recipient for 3 fiscal years after the fiscal year in which the amount is apportioned. Not later than 30 days after the end of the 3-fiscal-year period described in the preceding sentence, any amount that is not obligated on the last day of such period shall be added to the amount that may be apportioned under this subsection in the next fiscal year.

(9) Pilot program for cost-effective capital investment.—

(A) In general.—For each of fiscal years 2016 through 2020, the Secretary shall carry out a pilot program under which an eligible recipient (as described in paragraph (4)) in an urbanized area with population of not less than 200,000 and not more than 999,999 may elect to participate in a State pool in accordance with this paragraph.

(B) Purpose of state pools.—The purpose of a State pool shall be to allow for transfers of formula grant funds made available under this subsection among the designated recipients participating in the State pool in a manner that supports the transit asset management plans of the designated recipients under section 5326.

(C) Requests for participation.—A State, and eligible recipients in the State described in subparagraph (A), may submit to the Secretary a request for participation in the program under procedures to be established by the Secretary. An eligible recipient for a multistate area may participate in only 1 State pool.

(D) Allocations to participating states.—For each fiscal year, the Secretary shall allocate to each State participating in the program the total amount of funds that otherwise would be allocated to the urbanized areas of the eligible recipients participating in the State's pool for that fiscal year pursuant to the formulas referred to in paragraph (5).

(E) Allocations to eligible recipients in state pools.—A State shall distribute the amount that is allocated to the State for a fiscal year under subparagraph (D) among the eligible recipients participating in the State's pool in a manner that supports the transit asset management plans of the recipients under section 5326.

(F) Allocation plans.—A State participating in the program shall develop an allocation plan for the period of fiscal years 2016 through 2020 to ensure that an eligible recipient participating in the State's pool receives under the program an amount of funds that equals the amount of funds that would have otherwise been available to the eligible recipient for that period pursuant to the formulas referred to in paragraph (5).

(G) Grants.—The Secretary shall make grants under this subsection for a fiscal year to an eligible recipient participating in a State pool following notification by the State of the allocation amount determined under subparagraph (E).

(10) Maximizing use of funds.—

(A) In general.—Eligible recipients and subrecipients under this subsection should, to the extent practicable, seek to utilize the procurement tools authorized under section 3019 of the FAST Act (49 U.S.C. 5325 note; Public Law 114–94).

(B) Written explanation.—If an eligible recipient or subrecipient under this subsection purchases less than 5 buses through a standalone procurement, the eligible recipient or subrecipient shall provide to the Secretary a written explanation regarding why the tools authorized under section 3019 of the FAST Act (49 U.S.C. 5325 note; Public Law 114–94) were not utilized.

(b) Buses and Bus Facilities Competitive Grants.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary may make grants under this subsection to eligible recipients (as described in subsection (a)(4)) to assist in the financing of buses and bus facilities capital projects, including—

(A) replacing, rehabilitating, purchasing, or leasing buses or related equipment; and

(B) rehabilitating, purchasing, constructing, or leasing bus-related facilities.

(2) Grant considerations.—In making grants under this subsection, the Secretary shall consider the age and condition of buses, bus fleets, related equipment, and bus-related facilities.

(3) Statewide applications.—A State may submit a statewide application on behalf of a public agency or private nonprofit organization engaged in public transportation in rural areas or other areas for which the State allocates funds. The submission of a statewide application shall not preclude the submission and consideration of any application under this subsection from other eligible recipients (as described in subsection (a)(4)) in an urbanized area in a State.

(4) Requirements for the secretary.—The Secretary shall—

(A) disclose all metrics and evaluation procedures to be used in considering grant applications under this subsection upon issuance of the notice of funding availability in the Federal Register; and

(B) publish a summary of final scores for selected projects, metrics, and other evaluations used in awarding grants under this subsection in the Federal Register.

(5) Rural projects.—

(A) In general.—Subject to subparagraph (B), not less than 15 percent of the amounts made available under this subsection in a fiscal year shall be distributed to projects in rural areas.

(B) Unutilized amounts.—The Secretary may use less than 15 percent of the amounts made available under this subsection in a fiscal year for the projects described in subparagraph (A) if the Secretary cannot meet the requirement of that subparagraph due to insufficient eligible applications.

(6) Grant requirements.—

(A) In general.—A grant under this subsection shall be subject to the requirements of—

(i) section 5307 for eligible recipients of grants made in urbanized areas; and

(ii) section 5311 for eligible recipients of grants made in rural areas.

(B) Government share of costs.—The Government share of the cost of an eligible project carried out under this subsection shall not exceed 80 percent.

(7) Availability of funds.—Any amounts made available to carry out this subsection—

(A) shall remain available for 3 fiscal years after the fiscal year for which the amount is made available; and

(B) that remain unobligated at the end of the period described in subparagraph (A) shall be added to the amount made available to an eligible project in the following fiscal year.

(8) Limitation.—Of the amounts made available under this subsection, not more than 10 percent may be awarded to a single grantee.

(9) Competitive process.—The Secretary shall—

(A) not later than 30 days after the date on which amounts are made available for obligation under this subsection for a full fiscal year, solicit grant applications for eligible projects on a competitive basis; and

(B) award a grant under this subsection based on the solicitation under subparagraph (A) not later than the earlier of—

(i) 75 days after the date on which the solicitation expires; or

(ii) the end of the fiscal year in which the Secretary solicited the grant applications.

(10) Continued use of partnerships.—

(A) In general.—An eligible recipient of a grant under this subsection may submit an application in partnership with other entities, including a transit vehicle manufacturer that intends to participate in the implementation of a project under this subsection and subsection (c).

(B) Competitive procurement.—Projects awarded with partnerships under this subsection shall be considered to satisfy the requirement for a competitive procurement under section 5325.

(11) Maximizing use of funds.—

(A) In general.—Eligible recipients under this subsection should, to the extent practicable, seek to utilize the procurement tools authorized under section 3019 of the FAST Act (49 U.S.C. 5325 note; Public Law 114–94).

(B) Written explanation.—If an eligible recipient under this subsection purchases less than 5 buses through a standalone procurement, the eligible recipient shall provide to the Secretary a written explanation regarding why the tools authorized under section 3019 of the FAST Act (49 U.S.C. 5325 note; Public Law 114–94) were not utilized.

(c) Low or No Emission Grants.—

(1) Definitions.—In this subsection—

(A) the term "direct carbon emissions" means the quantity of direct greenhouse gas emissions from a vehicle, as determined by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency;

(B) the term "eligible project" means a project or program of projects in an eligible area for—

(i) acquiring low or no emission vehicles;

(ii) leasing low or no emission vehicles;

(iii) acquiring low or no emission vehicles with a leased power source;

(iv) constructing facilities and related equipment for low or no emission vehicles;

(v) leasing facilities and related equipment for low or no emission vehicles;

(vi) constructing new public transportation facilities to accommodate low or no emission vehicles; or

(vii) rehabilitating or improving existing public transportation facilities to accommodate low or no emission vehicles;

(C) the term "leased power source" means a removable power source, as defined in subsection (c)(3) of section 3019 of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015 that is made available through a capital lease under such section;

(D) the term "low or no emission bus" means a bus that is a low or no emission vehicle;

(E) the term "low or no emission vehicle" means—

(i) a passenger vehicle used to provide public transportation that the Secretary determines sufficiently reduces energy consumption or harmful emissions, including direct carbon emissions, when compared to a comparable standard vehicle; or

(ii) a zero emission vehicle used to provide public transportation;

(F) the term "recipient" means a designated recipient, a local governmental authority, or a State that receives a grant under this subsection for an eligible project; and

(G) the term "zero emission vehicle" means a low or no emission vehicle that produces no carbon or particulate matter.

(2) General authority.—The Secretary may make grants to recipients to finance eligible projects under this subsection.

(3) Grant requirements.—

(A) In general.—A grant under this subsection shall be subject to—

(i) with respect to eligible recipients in urbanized areas, section 5307; and

(ii) with respect to eligible recipients in rural areas, section 5311.

(B) Government share of costs for certain projects.—Section 5323(i) applies to eligible projects carried out under this subsection, unless the recipient requests a lower grant percentage.

(C) Combination of funding sources.—

(i) Combination permitted.—An eligible project carried out under this subsection may receive funding under section 5307 or any other provision of law.

(ii) Government share.—Nothing in this subparagraph shall be construed to alter the Government share required under paragraph (7), section 5307, or any other provision of law.

(D) Fleet transition plan.—In awarding grants under this subsection or under subsection (b) for projects related to zero emission vehicles, the Secretary shall require the applicant to submit a zero emission transition plan, which, at a minimum—

(i) demonstrates a long-term fleet management plan with a strategy for how the applicant intends to use the current application and future acquisitions;

(ii) addresses the availability of current and future resources to meet costs;

(iii) considers policy and legislation impacting technologies;

(iv) includes an evaluation of existing and future facilities and their relationship to the technology transition;

(v) describes the partnership of the applicant with the utility or alternative fuel provider of the applicant; and

(vi) examines the impact of the transition on the applicant's current workforce by identifying skill gaps, training needs, and retraining needs of the existing workers of the applicant to operate and maintain zero emission vehicles and related infrastructure and avoids the displacement of the existing workforce.

(4) Competitive process.—The Secretary shall—

(A) not later than 30 days after the date on which amounts are made available for obligation under this subsection for a full fiscal year, solicit grant applications for eligible projects on a competitive basis; and

(B) award a grant under this subsection based on the solicitation under subparagraph (A) not later than the earlier of—

(i) 75 days after the date on which the solicitation expires; or

(ii) the end of the fiscal year in which the Secretary solicited the grant applications.

(5) Consideration.—In awarding grants under this subsection, the Secretary—

(A) shall consider eligible projects relating to the acquisition or leasing of low or no emission buses or bus facilities that make greater reductions in energy consumption and harmful emissions, including direct carbon emissions, than comparable standard buses or other low or no emission buses; and

(B) shall, for no less than 25 percent of the funds made available to carry out this subsection, only consider eligible projects related to the acquisition of low or no emission buses or bus facilities other than zero emission vehicles and related facilities.

(6) Availability of funds.—Any amounts made available to carry out this subsection—

(A) shall remain available to an eligible project for 3 fiscal years after the fiscal year for which the amount is made available; and

(B) that remain unobligated at the end of the period described in subparagraph (A) shall be added to the amount made available to an eligible project in the following fiscal year.

(7) Government share of costs.—

(A) In general.—The Federal share of the cost of an eligible project carried out under this subsection shall not exceed 80 percent.

(B) Non-federal share.—The non-Federal share of the cost of an eligible project carried out under this subsection may be derived from in-kind contributions.

(8) Continued use of partnerships.—

(A) In general.—A recipient of a grant under this subsection may submit an application in partnership with other entities, including a transit vehicle manufacturer, that intends to participate in the implementation of an eligible project under this subsection.

(B) Competitive procurement.—Eligible projects awarded with partnerships under this subsection shall be considered to satisfy the requirement for a competitive procurement under section 5325.

(d) Workforce Development Training Activities.—5 percent of grants related to zero emissions vehicles (as defined in subsection (c)(1)) or related infrastructure under subsection (b) or (c) shall be used by recipients to fund workforce development training, as described in section 5314(b)(2) (including registered apprenticeships and other labor-management training programs) under the recipient's plan to address the impact of the transition to zero emission vehicles on the applicant's current workforce under subsection (c)(3)(D), unless the recipient certifies a smaller percentage is necessary to carry out that plan.

(Added Pub. L. 108–7, div. I, title III, §356, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 421; amended Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3037(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1635; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20029(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 729; Pub. L. 113–159, title I, §1204, Aug. 8, 2014, 128 Stat. 1847; Pub. L. 114–21, title I, §1204, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 225; Pub. L. 114–41, title I, §1204, July 31, 2015, 129 Stat. 452; Pub. L. 114–73, title I, §1204, Oct. 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 575; Pub. L. 114–87, title I, §1204, Nov. 20, 2015, 129 Stat. 684; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3017(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1482; Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30018, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 915.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 5338, referred to in subsec. (a)(5), was amended generally by Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30017, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 912. As amended, section 5338(a)(2)(L) no longer relates to allocations of funds to carry out subsec. (a) of this section, but such provision can be found elsewhere in section 5338.

Section 3019 of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(C), is section 3019 of Pub. L. 114–94, which is set out as a note under section 5325 of this title.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a)(5)(A). Pub. L. 117–58, §30018(1)(A), substituted "$206,000,000 each fiscal year" for "$90,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2016 through 2020", "$4,000,000" for "$1,750,000", and "$1,000,000" for "$500,000".

Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 117–58, §30018(1)(B), added par. (10).

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 117–58, §30018(2)(A), added par. (5) and struck out former par. (5). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Not less than 10 percent of the amounts made available under this subsection in a fiscal year shall be distributed to projects in rural areas."

Subsec. (b)(9) to (11). Pub. L. 117–58, §30018(2)(B), added pars. (9) to (11).

Subsec. (c)(3)(A). Pub. L. 117–58, §30018(3)(A)(i), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "A grant under this subsection shall be subject to the requirements of section 5307."

Subsec. (c)(3)(D). Pub. L. 117–58, §30018(3)(A)(ii), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 117–58, §30018(3)(B), added par. (5) and struck out former par. (5), which required the Secretary to consider only certain eligible projects relating to the acquisition or leasing of low or no emission buses or bus facilities.

Subsec. (c)(8). Pub. L. 117–58, §30018(3)(C), added par. (8).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 117–58, §30018(4), added subsec. (d).

2015—Pub. L. 114–94 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to grants for buses and bus facilities for provisions relating to bus and bus facilities formula grants.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 114–87 substituted "and $11,632,514 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015," for "and $9,127,049 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,", "$221,994 for such period" for "$174,180 for such period", and "$88,798 for such period" for "$69,672 for such period".

Pub. L. 114–73 substituted "and $9,127,049 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015," for "and $5,189,891 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,", "$174,180 for such period" for "$99,044 for such period", and "$69,672 for such period" for "$39,617 for such period".

Pub. L. 114–41 substituted "each of fiscal years 2013 through 2015 and $5,189,891 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015," for "each of fiscal years 2013 and 2014 and $54,553,425 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,", "$99,044 for such period" for "$1,041,096 for such period", and "$39,617 for such period" for "$416,438 for such period".

Pub. L. 114–21 substituted "and $54,553,425 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015," for "and $43,606,849 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,", "$1,041,096 for such period" for "$832,192 for such period", and "$416,438 for such period" for "$332,877 for such period".

2014—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 113–159 inserted "for each of fiscal years 2013 and 2014 and $43,606,849 for the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015," after "$65,500,000", "for each such fiscal year and $832,192 for such period" after "$1,250,000", and "for each such fiscal year and $332,877 for such period" after "$500,000".

2012—Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to alternatives analysis program.

2005—Pub. L. 109–59 inserted section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Effective for funds not yet expended on the effective date of this section, the Federal share for funds under this chapter for a grantee named in section 603(14) of Public Law 97–468 shall be the same as the Federal share under 23 U.S.C. section 120(b) for Federal aid highway funds apportioned to the State in which it operates."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

¹ See References in Text note below.

§5340. Apportionments based on growing States and high density States formula factors

(a) Definition.—In this section, the term "State" shall mean each of the 50 States of the United States.

(b) Allocation.—The Secretary shall apportion the amounts made available under section 5338(b)(2)(N) ¹ in accordance with subsection (c) and subsection (d).

(c) Growing State Apportionments.—

(1) Apportionment among states.—The amounts apportioned under subsection (b)(1) shall provide each State with an amount equal to the total amount apportioned multiplied by a ratio equal to the population of that State forecast for the year that is 15 years after the most recent decennial census, divided by the total population of all States forecast for the year that is 15 years after the most recent decennial census. Such forecast shall be based on the population trend for each State between the most recent decennial census and the most recent estimate of population made by the Secretary of Commerce.

(2) Apportionments between urbanized areas and other than urbanized areas in each state.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary shall apportion amounts to each State under paragraph (1) so that urbanized areas in that State receive an amount equal to the amount apportioned to that State multiplied by a ratio equal to the sum of the forecast population of all urbanized areas in that State divided by the total forecast population of that State. In making the apportionment under this subparagraph, the Secretary shall utilize any available forecasts made by the State. If no forecasts are available, the Secretary shall utilize data on urbanized areas and total population from the most recent decennial census.

(B) Remaining amounts.—Amounts remaining for each State after apportionment under subparagraph (A) shall be apportioned to that State and added to the amount made available for grants under section 5311.

(3) Apportionments among urbanized areas in each state.—The Secretary shall apportion amounts made available to urbanized areas in each State under paragraph (2)(A) so that each urbanized area receives an amount equal to the amount apportioned under paragraph (2)(A) multiplied by a ratio equal to the population of each urbanized area divided by the sum of populations of all urbanized areas in the State. Amounts apportioned to each urbanized area shall be added to amounts apportioned to that urbanized area under section 5336, and made available for grants under section 5307.

(d) High Density State Apportionments.—Amounts to be apportioned under subsection (b)(2) shall be apportioned as follows:

(1) Eligible states.—The Secretary shall designate as eligible for an apportionment under this subsection all States with a population density in excess of 370 persons per square mile.

(2) State urbanized land factor.—For each State qualifying for an apportionment under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall calculate an amount equal to—

(A) the total land area of the State (in square miles); multiplied by

(B) 370; multiplied by

(C)(i) the population of the State in urbanized areas; divided by

(ii) the total population of the State.

(3) State apportionment factor.—For each State qualifying for an apportionment under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall calculate an amount equal to the difference between the total population of the State less the amount calculated in paragraph (2).

(4) State apportionment.—Each State qualifying for an apportionment under paragraph (1) shall receive an amount equal to the amount to be apportioned under this subsection multiplied by the amount calculated for the State under paragraph (3) divided by the sum of the amounts calculated under paragraph (3) for all States qualifying for an apportionment under paragraph (1).

(5) Apportionments among urbanized areas in each state.—The Secretary shall apportion amounts made available to each State under paragraph (4) so that each urbanized area receives an amount equal to the amount apportioned under paragraph (4) multiplied by a ratio equal to the population of each urbanized area divided by the sum of populations of all urbanized areas in the State. Amounts apportioned to each urbanized area shall be added to amounts apportioned to that urbanized area under section 5336, and made available for grants under section 5307.

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3038(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1636; amended Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3030(f), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1497.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 5338, referred to in subsec. (b), was amended generally by Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, §30017, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 912. As amended, section 5338(a)(2)(N), which was probably intended instead of the reference in the original to "section 5338(b)(2)(N)", no longer relates to allocations of funds to carry out this section, but such provision can be found elsewhere in section 5338.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–94 added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Of the amounts made available for each fiscal year under section 5338(b)(2)(M), the Secretary shall apportion—

"(1) 50 percent to States and urbanized areas in accordance with subsection (c); and

"(2) 50 percent to States and urbanized areas in accordance with subsection (d)."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

¹ So in original. Probably should have been "section 5338(a)(2)(N)" in original. See References in Text note below.

CHAPTER 55—INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION

SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL

        

SUBCHAPTER II—TERMINALS

        

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title V, §§25013(b), 25020(c)(2), 25021(b), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 869, 878, which directed amendment of analysis for subchapter I of this chapter by striking out item 5502 "Intermodal Transportation Advisory Board" and adding items 5506 and 5507 at the end, was executed to analysis for this chapter to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

2015—Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VI, §6015(b), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1571, struck out item 5503 "Office of Intermodalism".

2012—Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §§52009(b), 52010(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 887, added item 5505, struck out former item 5505 "National university transportation centers", and struck out item 5506 "University transportation research".

2005—Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §§5401(c), 5402(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1815, 1820, substituted "National university transportation centers" for "University transportation research" in item 5505 and "University transportation research" for "Advanced vehicle technologies program" in item 5506.

1998—Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §§5110(b), 5111(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 444, 445, added items 5505 and 5506.

SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL

§5501. National Intermodal Transportation System policy

(a) General.—It is the policy of the United States Government to develop a National Intermodal Transportation System that is economically efficient and environmentally sound, provides the foundation for the United States to compete in the global economy, and will move individuals and property in an energy efficient way.

(b) System Characteristics.—(1) The National Intermodal Transportation System shall consist of all forms of transportation in a unified, interconnected manner, including the transportation systems of the future, to reduce energy consumption and air pollution while promoting economic development and supporting the United States' preeminent position in international commerce.

(2) The National Intermodal Transportation System shall include a National Highway System consisting of the Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways and those principal arterial roads that are essential for interstate and regional commerce and travel, national defense, intermodal transfer facilities, and international commerce and border crossings.

(3) The National Intermodal Transportation System shall include significant improvements in public transportation necessary to achieve national goals for improved air quality, energy conservation, international competitiveness, and mobility for elderly individuals, individuals with disabilities, and economically disadvantaged individuals in urban and rural areas of the United States.

(4) The National Intermodal Transportation System shall provide improved access to ports and airports, the Nation's link to commerce.

(5) The National Intermodal Transportation System shall give special emphasis to the contributions of the transportation sectors to increased productivity growth. Social benefits must be considered with particular attention to the external benefits of reduced air pollution, reduced traffic congestion, and other aspects of the quality of life in the United States.

(6) The National Intermodal Transportation System must be operated and maintained with insistent attention to the concepts of innovation, competition, energy efficiency, productivity, growth, and accountability. Practices that resulted in the lengthy and overly costly construction of the Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways must be confronted and stopped.

(7) The National Intermodal Transportation System shall be adapted to "intelligent vehicles", "magnetic levitation systems", and other new technologies, wherever feasible and economical, with benefit cost estimates given special emphasis on safety considerations and techniques for cost allocation.

(8) When appropriate, the National Intermodal Transportation System will be financed, as regards Government apportionments and reimbursements, by the Highway Trust Fund. Financial assistance will be provided to State and local governments and their instrumentalities to help carry out national goals related to mobility for elderly individuals, individuals with disabilities, and economically disadvantaged individuals.

(9) The National Intermodal Transportation System must be the centerpiece of a national investment commitment to create the new wealth of the United States for the 21st century.

(c) Distribution and Posting.—The Secretary of Transportation shall distribute copies of the policy in subsections (a) and (b) of this section to each employee of the Department of Transportation and ensure that the policy is posted in all offices of the Department.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 848.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5501	49:101 (note).	Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §2, 105 Stat. 1914.

In this section, the words "Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways" are substituted for "National System of Interstate and Defense Highways" because of the Act of October 15, 1990 (Public Law 101–427, 104 Stat. 927).

[§5502. Repealed. Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title V, §25021(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 878]

Section, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 849; Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4145(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1749, related to Intermodal Transportation Advisory Board.

[§5503. Repealed. Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VI, §6015(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1571]

Section, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 850; Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5109(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 440; Pub. L. 108–426, §4(c), Nov. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2425; Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4149, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1750; Pub. L. 110–244, title III, §301(k), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1616; Pub. L. 113–76, div. L, title I, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 574, related to the Office of Intermodalism.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

§5504. Model intermodal transportation plans

(a) Grants.—The Secretary of Transportation shall make grants to States to develop model State intermodal transportation plans that are consistent with the policy set forth in section 302(e) of this title. The model plans shall include systems for collecting data related to intermodal transportation.

(b) Distribution.—The Secretary shall award grants to States under this section that represent a variety of geographic regions and transportation needs, patterns, and modes.

(c) Plan Submission.—As a condition to a State receiving a grant under this section, the Secretary shall require that the State provide assurances that the State will submit to the Secretary a State intermodal transportation plan not later than 18 months after the date of receipt of the grant.

(d) Grant Amounts.—The Secretary shall reserve, from amounts deducted under section 104(a) of title 23, $3,000,000 to make grants under this section. The total amount that a State may receive in grants under this section may not be more than $500,000.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 850.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5504	49:301 (note).	Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §5003, 105 Stat. 2159.

§5505. University transportation centers program

(a) University Transportation Centers Program.—

(1) Establishment and operation.—The Secretary of Transportation, acting through the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology (referred to in this section as the "Secretary"), shall make grants under this section to eligible nonprofit institutions of higher education to establish and operate university transportation centers.

(2) Role of centers.—The role of each university transportation center referred to in paragraph (1) shall be—

(A) to advance transportation expertise and technology in the varied disciplines that comprise the field of transportation through education, research, and technology transfer activities;

(B) to provide for a critical multimodal transportation knowledge base outside of the Department of Transportation; and

(C) to address critical workforce needs and educate the next generation of transportation leaders with respect to the matters described in subparagraphs (A) through (G) of section 6503(c)(1).

(b) Competitive Selection Process.—

(1) Applications.—To receive a grant under this section, a consortium of nonprofit institutions of higher education shall submit to the Secretary an application that is in such form and contains such information as the Secretary may require.

(2) Restriction.—

(A) Limitation.—A lead institution of a consortium of nonprofit institutions of higher education, as applicable, may only receive 1 grant per fiscal year as a lead institution under this section, except as provided in subparagraph (B).

(B) Exception for consortium members that are not lead institutions.—Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to a nonprofit institution of higher education that is a member of a consortium of nonprofit institutions of higher education but not the lead institution of such consortium.

(3) Coordination.—The Secretary shall solicit grant applications for national transportation centers, regional transportation centers, and Tier 1 university transportation centers with identical advertisement schedules and deadlines.

(4) General selection criteria.—

(A) In general.—Except as otherwise provided by this section, the Secretary shall award grants under this section in nonexclusive candidate topic areas established by the Secretary that address the research priorities described in subparagraphs (A) through (G) of section 6503(c)(1).

(B) Criteria.—The Secretary, in consultation with the heads of the modal administrations of the Department of Transportation, as appropriate, shall select each recipient of a grant under this section through a competitive process based on the assessment of the Secretary relating to—

(i) the demonstrated ability of the recipient to address each specific topic area described in the research and strategic plans of the recipient;

(ii) the demonstrated research, technology transfer, and education resources available to the recipient to carry out this section;

(iii) the ability of the recipient to provide leadership in solving immediate and long-range national and regional transportation problems;

(iv) the ability of the recipient to carry out research, education, and technology transfer activities that are multimodal and multidisciplinary in scope;

(v) the demonstrated commitment of the recipient to carry out transportation workforce development programs through—

(I) degree-granting programs or programs that provide other industry-recognized credentials; and

(II) outreach activities to attract new entrants into the transportation field, including women and underrepresented populations;

(vi) the demonstrated ability of the recipient to disseminate results and spur the implementation of transportation research and education programs through national or statewide continuing education programs;

(vii) the demonstrated commitment of the recipient to the use of peer review principles and other research best practices in the selection, management, and dissemination of research projects;

(viii) the strategic plan submitted by the recipient describing the proposed research to be carried out by the recipient and the performance metrics to be used in assessing the performance of the recipient in meeting the stated research, technology transfer, education, and outreach goals; and

(ix) the ability of the recipient to implement the proposed program in a cost-efficient manner, such as through cost sharing and overall reduced overhead, facilities, and administrative costs.

(5) Transparency.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary shall provide to each applicant, upon request, any materials, including copies of reviews (with any information that would identify a reviewer redacted), used in the evaluation process of the proposal of the applicant.

(B) Reports.—The Secretary shall make available to the public on a website of the Department of Transportation a report describing the overall review process under paragraph (4) that includes—

(i) specific criteria of evaluation used in the review;

(ii) descriptions of the review process; and

(iii) explanations of the selected awards.

(6) Outside stakeholders.—The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, consult external stakeholders, including the Transportation Research Board of the National Research Council of the National Academies, to evaluate and competitively review all proposals.

(c) Grants.—

(1) In general.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall select grant recipients under subsection (b) and make grant amounts available to the selected recipients.

(2) National transportation centers.—

(A) In general.—Subject to subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall provide grants to 5 consortia that the Secretary determines best meet the criteria described in subsection (b)(4).

(B) Restrictions.—

(i) In general.—For each fiscal year, a grant made available under this paragraph shall be not greater than $4,000,000 and not less than $2,000,000 per recipient.

(ii) Focused research.—A consortium receiving a grant under this paragraph shall focus research on 1 of the transportation issue areas specified in section 6503(c).

(C) Matching requirement.—

(i) In general.—As a condition of receiving a grant under this paragraph, a grant recipient shall match 100 percent of the amounts made available under the grant.

(ii) Sources.—The matching amounts referred to in clause (i) may include amounts made available to the recipient under—

(I) section 504(b) of title 23; or

(II) section 505 of title 23.

(3) Regional university transportation centers.—

(A) Location of regional centers.—One regional university transportation center shall be located in each of the 10 Federal regions that comprise the Standard Federal Regions established by the Office of Management and Budget in the document entitled "Standard Federal Regions" and dated April 1974 (circular A–105).

(B) Selection criteria.—In conducting a competition under subsection (b), the Secretary shall provide grants to 10 consortia on the basis of—

(i) the criteria described in subsection (b)(4);

(ii) the location of the lead center within the Federal region to be served; and

(iii) whether the consortium of institutions demonstrates that the consortium has a well-established, nationally recognized program in transportation research and education, as evidenced by—

(I) recent expenditures by the institution in highway or public transportation research;

(II) a historical track record of awarding graduate degrees in professional fields closely related to highways and public transportation; and

(III) an experienced faculty who specialize in professional fields closely related to highways and public transportation.

(C) Restrictions.—For each fiscal year, a grant made available under this paragraph shall be not greater than $3,000,000 and not less than $1,500,000 per recipient.

(D) Matching requirements.—

(i) In general.—As a condition of receiving a grant under this paragraph, a grant recipient shall match 100 percent of the amounts made available under the grant.

(ii) Sources.—The matching amounts referred to in clause (i) may include amounts made available to the recipient under—

(I) section 504(b) of title 23; or

(II) section 505 of title 23.

(E) Focused research.—

(i) In general.—A regional university transportation center receiving a grant under this paragraph shall carry out research focusing on 1 or more of the matters described in subparagraphs (A) through (G) of section 6503(c)(1).

(ii) Focused objectives.—The Secretary shall make a grant to 1 of the 10 regional university transportation centers established under this paragraph for the purpose of furthering the objectives described in subsection (a)(2) in the field of comprehensive transportation safety, congestion, connected vehicles, connected infrastructure, and autonomous vehicles, including the cybersecurity implications of technologies relating to connected vehicles, connected infrastructure, and autonomous vehicles.

(4) Tier 1 university transportation centers.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary shall provide grants of not greater than $2,000,000 and not less than $1,000,000 to not more than 20 recipients to carry out this paragraph.

(B) Matching requirement.—

(i) In general.—As a condition of receiving a grant under this paragraph, a grant recipient shall match 50 percent of the amounts made available under the grant.

(ii) Sources.—The matching amounts referred to in clause (i) may include amounts made available to the recipient under—

(I) section 504(b) of title 23; or

(II) section 505 of title 23.

(C) Focused research.—In awarding grants under this section, consideration shall be given to minority institutions, as defined by section 365 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067k), or consortia that include such institutions that have demonstrated an ability in transportation-related research.

(d) Program Coordination.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary shall—

(A) coordinate the research, education, and technology transfer activities carried out by grant recipients under this section; and

(B) disseminate the results of that research through the establishment and operation of a publicly accessible online information clearinghouse.

(2) Review and evaluation.—Not less frequently than biennially, and consistent with the plan developed under section 6503, the Secretary shall—

(A) review and evaluate the programs carried out under this section by grant recipients; and

(B) make available to the public on a website of the Department of Transportation a report describing that review and evaluation.

(3) Program evaluation and oversight.—For each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026, the Secretary shall expend not more than 1 and a half percent of the amounts made available to the Secretary to carry out this section for any coordination, evaluation, and oversight activities of the Secretary under this section.

(e) Limitation on Availability of Amounts.—Amounts made available to the Secretary to carry out this section shall remain available for obligation by the Secretary for a period of 3 years after the last day of the fiscal year for which the amounts are authorized.

(f) Information Collection.—Any survey, questionnaire, or interview that the Secretary determines to be necessary to carry out reporting requirements relating to any program assessment or evaluation activity under this section, including customer satisfaction assessments, shall not be subject to chapter 35 of title 44.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5110(a), (d), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 441; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9011(d), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 863; Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5401(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1814; Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52009(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 882; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VI, §6016, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1571; Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title V, §25017, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 873.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), probably means the date of enactment of Pub. L. 114–94, which amended this section generally and was approved Dec. 4, 2015.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 117–58, §25017(1)(A), inserted "of Transportation, acting through the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology (referred to in this section as the 'Secretary')," after "The Secretary".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 117–58, §25017(1)(B)(i), inserted "multimodal" after "critical".

Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 117–58, §25017(1)(B)(ii), inserted "with respect to the matters described in subparagraphs (A) through (G) of section 6503(c)(1)" after "transportation leaders".

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 117–58, §25017(2)(A), substituted "as a lead institution under this section, except as provided in subparagraph (B)" for "for each of the transportation centers described under paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of subsection (c)".

Subsec. (b)(4)(A). Pub. L. 117–58, §25017(2)(B)(i), substituted "described in subparagraphs (A) through (G) of section 6503(c)(1)" for "identified in chapter 65".

Subsec. (b)(4)(B). Pub. L. 117–58, §25017(2)(B)(ii), substituted "the heads of the modal administrations of the Department of Transportation," for "the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology and the Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration and other modal administrations" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(5)(B). Pub. L. 117–58, §25017(2)(C), substituted "make available to the public on a website of the Department of Transportation" for "submit to the Committees on Transportation and Infrastructure and Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(3)(E). Pub. L. 117–58, §25017(3), added cl. (i), designated existing provisions as cl. (ii) and inserted heading, and inserted ", including the cybersecurity implications of technologies relating to connected vehicles, connected infrastructure, and autonomous vehicles" after "autonomous vehicles".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 117–58, §25017(4)(A)(i), (ii), substituted "Review" for "Annual review" in heading and "biennially" for "annually" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 117–58, §25017(4)(A)(iii), substituted "make available to the public on a website of the Department of Transportation" for "submit to the Committees on Transportation and Infrastructure and Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Environment and Public Works and Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate".

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 117–58, §25017(4)(B), substituted "2022 through 2026" for "2016 through 2020".

2015—Pub. L. 114–94 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to the university transportation centers program.

2012—Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to national university transportation centers.

2005—Pub. L. 109–59 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions relating to national university transportation centers for provisions relating to university transportation research.

1998—Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §5110(d)(1), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, substituted "section 508 of title 23, United States Code," for "section 5506,".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 105–178, §5110(d)(2), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, inserted "Subject to section 5338(e):" before par. (1) and substituted "institutions or groups of institutions" for "institutions" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (j)(4)(B). Pub. L. 105–178, §5110(d)(3), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, substituted "on behalf of a consortium which may also include West Virginia University Institute of Technology, the College of West Virginia, and Bluefield State College" for "on behalf of a consortium of West Virginia colleges and universities".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

§5506. Advanced transportation research initiative

(a) Definition of Eligible Entity.—In this section, the term "eligible entity" means—

(1) a State agency;

(2) a local government agency;

(3) an institution of higher education (as defined in section 102 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002)), including a university transportation center established under section 5505;

(4) a nonprofit organization, including a nonprofit research organization; and

(5) a private sector organization working in collaboration with an entity described in any of paragraphs (1) through (4).

(b) Pilot Program.—The Secretary of Transportation (referred to in this section as the "Secretary") shall establish an advanced transportation research pilot program under which the Secretary—

(1) shall establish a process for eligible entities to submit to the Secretary unsolicited research proposals; and

(2) may enter into arrangements with 1 or more eligible entities to fund research proposed under paragraph (1), in accordance with this section.

(c) Eligible Research.—The Secretary may enter into an arrangement with an eligible entity under this section to fund research that—

(1) addresses—

(A) a research need identified by—

(i) the Secretary; or

(ii) the Administrator of a modal administration of the Department of Transportation; or

(B) an issue that the Secretary determines to be important; and

(2) is not duplicative of—

(A) any other Federal research project; or

(B) any project for which funding is provided by another Federal agency.

(d) Project Review.—The Secretary shall—

(1) review each research proposal submitted under the pilot program established under subsection (b); and

(2)(A) if funding is denied for the research proposal—

(i) provide to the eligible entity that submitted the proposal a written notice of the denial that, as applicable—

(I) explains why the research proposal was not selected, including whether the research proposal fails to cover an area of need; and

(II) recommends that the research proposal be submitted to another research program; and

(ii) if the Secretary recommends that the research proposal be submitted to another research program under clause (i)(II), provide guidance and direction to—

(I) the eligible entity; and

(II) the proposed research program office; or

(B) if the research proposal is selected for funding—

(i) provide to the eligible entity that submitted the proposal a written notice of the selection; and

(ii) seek to enter into an arrangement with the eligible entity to provide funding for the proposed research.

(e) Coordination.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary shall ensure that the activities carried out under subsection (c) are coordinated with, and do not duplicate the efforts of, programs of the Department of Transportation and other Federal agencies.

(2) Intraagency coordination.—The Secretary shall coordinate the research carried out under this section with—

(A) the research, education, and technology transfer activities carried out by grant recipients under section 5505; and

(B) the research, development, demonstration, and commercial application activities of other relevant programs of the Department of Transportation, including all modal administrations of the Department.

(3) Interagency collaboration.—The Secretary shall coordinate, as appropriate, regarding fundamental research with the potential for application in the transportation sector with—

(A) the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy;

(B) the Director of the National Science Foundation;

(C) the Secretary of Energy;

(D) the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology;

(E) the Secretary of Homeland Security;

(F) the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;

(G) the Secretary of Defense; and

(H) the heads of other appropriate Federal agencies, as determined by the Secretary.

(f) Review, Evaluation, and Report.—Not less frequently than biennially, in accordance with the plan developed under section 6503, the Secretary shall—

(1) review and evaluate the pilot program established under subsection (b), including the research carried out under that pilot program; and

(2) make public on a website of the Department of Transportation a report describing the review and evaluation under paragraph (1).

(g) Federal Share.—

(1) In general.—The Federal share of the cost of an activity carried out under this section shall not exceed 80 percent.

(2) Non-federal share.—All costs directly incurred by the non-Federal partners (including personnel, travel, facility, and hardware development costs) shall be credited toward the non-Federal share of the cost of an activity carried out under this section.

(h) Limitation on Certain Expenses.—Of any amounts made available to carry out this section for a fiscal year, the Secretary may use not more than 1.5 percent for coordination, evaluation, and oversight activities under this section.

(i) Authorization of Appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.

(Added Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title V, §25013(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 867.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5506, added Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5111(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 444; amended Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5402(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1815; Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §§111(g)(3), 116, June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1605, 1607, related to grants for university transportation research, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52010(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 887, effective Oct. 1, 2012.

§5507. Transportation workforce outreach program

(a) In General.—The Secretary of Transportation (referred to in this section as the "Secretary") shall establish and administer a transportation workforce outreach program, under which the Secretary shall carry out a series of public service announcement campaigns during each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.

(b) Purposes.—The purpose of the campaigns carried out under the program under this section shall be—

(1) to increase awareness of career opportunities in the transportation sector, including aviation pilots, safety inspectors, mechanics and technicians, air traffic controllers, flight attendants, truck and bus drivers, engineers, transit workers, railroad workers, and other transportation professionals; and

(2) to target awareness of professional opportunities in the transportation sector to diverse segments of the population, including with respect to race, sex, ethnicity, ability (including physical and mental ability), veteran status, and socioeconomic status.

(c) Advertising.—The Secretary may use, or authorize the use of, amounts made available to carry out the program under this section for the development, production, and use of broadcast, digital, and print media advertising and outreach in carrying out a campaign under this section.

(d) Funding.—The Secretary may use to carry out this section any amounts otherwise made available to the Secretary, not to exceed $5,000,000, for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.

(Added Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title V, §25020(c)(1), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 877.)

SUBCHAPTER II—TERMINALS

§5561. Definition

In this chapter, "civic and cultural activities" includes libraries, musical and dramatic presentations, art exhibits, adult education programs, public meeting places, and other facilities for carrying on an activity any part of which is supported under a law of the United States.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 851.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5561	49 App.:1653(i)(10).	Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931, §4(i)(10); added Oct. 28, 1974, Pub. L. 93–496, §§6, 15, 88 Stat. 1530, 1533; Feb. 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–210, §707(3), 90 Stat. 125; May 30, 1980, Pub. L. 96–254, §206(a), 94 Stat. 412.

In this chapter, both sections 6 and 15 of the Amtrak Improvement Act (Public Law 93–496, 88 Stat. 1528, 1533) are listed as source credits for the addition of section 4(i) to the Department of Transportation Act (Public Law 89–670, 80 Stat. 931). This is done to conform to the probable intent of Congress as evidenced by the directory language of section 15 of the Act of October 28, 1974.

In this section, the words "for community groups, convention visitors and others" are omitted as unnecessary.

§5562. Assistance projects

(a) Requirements To Provide Assistance.—The Secretary of Transportation shall provide financial, technical, and advisory assistance under this chapter to—

(1) promote, on a feasibility demonstration basis, the conversion of at least 3 rail passenger terminals into intermodal transportation terminals;

(2) preserve rail passenger terminals that reasonably are likely to be converted or maintained pending preparation of plans for their reuse;

(3) acquire and use space in suitable buildings of historic or architectural significance but only if use of the space is feasible and prudent when compared to available alternatives; and

(4) encourage State and local governments, local and regional transportation authorities, common carriers, philanthropic organizations, and other responsible persons to develop plans to convert rail passenger terminals into intermodal transportation terminals and civic and cultural activity centers.

(b) Effect on Eligibility.—This chapter does not affect the eligibility of any rail passenger terminal for preservation or reuse assistance under another program or law.

(c) Acquiring Space.—The Secretary may acquire space under subsection (a)(3) of this section only after consulting with the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation and the Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 851.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5562(a)	49 App.:1653(i)(1).	Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931, §4(i)(1); added Oct. 28, 1974, Pub. L. 93–496, §§6, 15, 88 Stat. 1528, 1533; Feb. 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–210, §707(1), (2), 90 Stat. 125; May 30, 1980, Pub. L. 96–254, §206(a), 94 Stat. 412.
5562(b)	49 App.:1653(i)(11).	Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931, §4(i)(11); added Oct. 28, 1974, Pub. L. 93–496, §§6, 15, 88 Stat. 1530, 1533; Feb. 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–210, §707(3), 90 Stat. 125; May 30, 1980, Pub. L. 96–254, §206(a), 94 Stat. 412.
5562(c)	49 App.:1653(i)(4).	Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931, §4(i)(4); added Feb. 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–210, §707(4), 90 Stat. 125; May 30, 1980, Pub. L. 96–254, §206(a), 94 Stat. 412.

In subsection (a)(3), the words "but only if" are substituted for "unless . . . would not" for consistency.

In subsection (a)(4), the word "encourage" is substituted for "stimulating" for clarity.

In subsection (b), the words "This chapter does not affect" are substituted for "Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to invalidate" for clarity and consistency. The words "rail passenger terminal" are substituted for "station", and the word "law" is substituted for "statute", for consistency.

§5563. Conversion of certain rail passenger terminals

(a) Authority To Provide Assistance.—The Secretary of Transportation may provide financial assistance to convert a rail passenger terminal to an intermodal transportation terminal under section 5562(a)(1) of this title only if—

(1) the terminal can be converted to accommodate other modes of transportation the Secretary of Transportation decides are appropriate, including—

(A) motorbus transportation;

(B) mass transit (rail or rubber tire); and

(C) airline ticket offices and passenger terminals providing direct transportation to area airports;

(2) the terminal is listed on the National Register of Historic Places maintained by the Secretary of the Interior;

(3) the architectural integrity of the terminal will be preserved;

(4) to the extent practicable, the use of the terminal facilities for transportation may be combined with use of those facilities for other civic and cultural activities, especially when another activity is recommended by—

(A) the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation;

(B) the Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts; or

(C) consultants retained under subsection (b) of this section; and

(5) the terminal and the conversion project meet other criteria prescribed by the Secretary of Transportation after consultation with the Council and Chairman.

(b) Architectural Integrity.—The Secretary of Transportation must employ consultants on whether the architectural integrity of the rail passenger terminal will be preserved under subsection (a)(3) of this section. The Secretary may decide that the architectural integrity will be preserved only if the consultants concur. The Council and Chairman shall recommend consultants to be employed by the Secretary. The consultants also may make recommendations referred to in subsection (a)(4) of this section.

(c) Government's Share of Costs.—The Secretary of Transportation may not make a grant under this section for more than 80 percent of the total cost of converting a rail passenger terminal into an intermodal transportation terminal.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 851.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5563(a), (b)	49 App.:1653(i)(2) (1st sentence).	Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931, §4(i)(2); added Oct. 28, 1974, Pub. L. 93–496, §§6, 15, 88 Stat. 1528, 1533; May 26, 1975, Pub. L. 94–25, §13, 89 Stat. 93; Oct. 5, 1978, Pub. L. 95–421, §14, 92 Stat. 929.
5563(c)	49 App.:1653(i)(2) (last sentence).

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "to convert a rail passenger terminal to an intermodal transportation terminal under section 5562(a)(1) of this title" are substituted for "for the purpose set forth in paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection" for clarity and because of the restatement. In clause (5), the word "prescribed" is substituted for "develop and promulgate" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

Subsection (b) is substituted for "and such judgment is concurred in by consultants recommended by the Chairman of the National Endowment of [sic] the Arts and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation and retained for this purpose by the Secretary" for clarity and consistency in the revised title.

§5564. Interim preservation of certain rail passenger terminals

(a) General Grant Authority.—Subject to subsection (b) of this section, the Secretary of Transportation may make a grant of financial assistance to a responsible person (including a governmental authority) to preserve a rail passenger terminal under section 5562(a)(2) of this title. To receive assistance under this section, the person must be qualified, prepared, committed, and authorized by law to maintain (and prevent the demolition, dismantling, or further deterioration of) the terminal until plans for its reuse are prepared.

(b) Grant Requirements.—The Secretary of Transportation may make a grant of financial assistance under this section only if—

(1) the Secretary decides the rail passenger terminal has a reasonable likelihood of being converted to, or conditioned for reuse as, an intermodal transportation terminal, a civic or cultural activities center, or both; and

(2) planning activity directed toward conversion or reuse has begun and is proceeding in a competent way.

(c) Maximizing Preservation of Terminals.—(1) Amounts appropriated to carry out this section and section 5562(a)(2) of this title shall be expended in the way most likely to maximize the preservation of rail passenger terminals that are—

(A) reasonably capable of conversion to intermodal transportation terminals;

(B) listed in the National Register of Historic Places maintained by the Secretary of the Interior; or

(C) recommended (on the basis of architectural integrity and quality) by the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation or the Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts.

(2) The Secretary of Transportation may not make a grant under this section for more than 80 percent of the total cost of maintaining the terminal for an interim period of not more than 5 years.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 852.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5564(a)	49 App.:1653(i)(3) (1st sentence words before proviso).	Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931, §4(i)(3); added Oct. 28, 1974, Pub. L. 93–496, §§6, 15, 88 Stat. 1529, 1533; Oct. 5, 1978, Pub. L. 95–421, §14, 92 Stat. 929.
5564(b)	49 App.:1653(i)(3) (1st sentence proviso).
5564(c)	49 App.:1653(i)(3) (2d, last sentences).

In subsection (a), the words "Subject to subsection (b) of this section" are added for clarity. The word "authority" is substituted for "entity" for consistency in the revised title. The words "in accordance with regulations" and "applicable" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b), the words before clause (1) are substituted for "Provided, That" for clarity and consistency in the revised title.

In subsection (c)(2), the words "The Secretary of Transportation may not make a grant" are substituted for "The amount of the Federal share of any grant . . . shall not exceed" for clarity and consistency in this chapter.

§5565. Encouraging the development of plans for converting certain rail passenger terminals

(a) General Grant Authority.—The Secretary of Transportation may make a grant of financial assistance to a qualified person (including a governmental authority) to encourage the development of plans for converting a rail passenger terminal under section 5562(a)(4) of this title. To receive assistance under this section, the person must—

(1) be prepared to develop practicable plans that meet zoning, land use, and other requirements of the applicable State and local jurisdictions in which the terminal is located;

(2) incorporate into the designs and plans proposed for converting the terminal, features that reasonably appear likely to attract private investors willing to carry out the planned conversion and its subsequent maintenance and operation; and

(3) complete the designs and plans for the conversion within the period of time prescribed by the Secretary.

(b) Preference.—In making a grant under this section, the Secretary of Transportation shall give preferential consideration to an applicant whose completed designs and plans will be carried out within 3 years after their completion.

(c) Maximizing Conversion and Continued Public Use.—(1) Amounts appropriated to carry out this section and section 5562(a)(4) of this title shall be expended in the way most likely to maximize the conversion and continued public use of rail passenger terminals that are—

(A) listed in the National Register of Historic Places maintained by the Secretary of the Interior; or

(B) recommended (on the basis of architectural integrity and quality) by the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation or the Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts.

(2) The Secretary of Transportation may not make a grant under this section for more than 80 percent of the total cost of the project for which the financial assistance is provided.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 853; Pub. L. 103–429, §6(15), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4379.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5565(a)	49 App.:1653(i)(5) (1st sentence).	Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931, §4(i)(5); added Oct. 28, 1974, Pub. L. 93–496, §§6, 15, 88 Stat. 1529, 1533; Feb. 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–210, §707(3), 90 Stat. 125; Oct. 5, 1978, Pub. L. 95–421, §14, 92 Stat. 929; Sept. 29, 1979, Pub. L. 96–73, §128, 93 Stat. 553; May 30, 1980, Pub. L. 96–254, §206(a), 94 Stat. 412.
5565(b)	49 App.:1653(i)(5) (2d sentence).
5565(c)	49 App.:1653(i)(5) (3d, last sentences).

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the word "authority" is substituted for "entity" for consistency in the revised title. The words "in accordance with regulations" are omitted as unnecessary because of 49:322(a). In clause (1), the words "as well as requirements . . . under this subsection" are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement. In clause (2), the words "into an intermodal transportation terminal, a civic or cultural center, or both" are omitted as unnecessary. In clause (3), the word "prescribed" is substituted for "establishes" as being more appropriate.

In subsection (b), the words "carried out" are substituted for "implemented and effectuated" for consistency in the revised title.

In subsection (c)(2), the words "The Secretary of Transportation may not make a grant" are substituted for "The amount of the Federal share of any grant . . . shall not exceed" for clarity and consistency in this chapter. The word "undertaking" is omitted as being included in "project".

Pub. L. 103–429

This amends 49:5565 to correct an erroneous section catchline.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–429 inserted "certain" after "converting" in section catchline.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–429 effective July 5, 1994, see section 9 of Pub. L. 103–429, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.

§5566. Records and audits

(a) Record Requirements.—Each recipient of financial assistance under this chapter shall keep records required by the Secretary of Transportation. The records shall disclose—

(1) the amount, and disposition by the recipient, of the proceeds of the assistance;

(2) the total cost of the project for which the assistance was given or used;

(3) the amount of that part of the cost of the project supplied by other sources; and

(4) any other records that will make an effective audit easier.

(b) Audits and Inspections.—For 3 years after a project is completed, the Secretary and the Comptroller General may audit and inspect records of a recipient that the Secretary or Comptroller General decides may be related or pertinent to the financial assistance.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 853.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5566(a)	49 App.:1653(i)(8) (1st sentence).	Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931, §4(i)(8); added Oct. 28, 1974, Pub. L. 93–496, §§6, 15, 88 Stat. 1530, 1533; Feb. 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–210, §707(3), 90 Stat. 125; May 30, 1980, Pub. L. 96–254, §206(a), 94 Stat. 412.
5566(b)	49 App.:1653(i)(8) (last sentence).

In this section, the word "undertaking" is omitted as being included in "project".

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the word "fully" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b), the words "the expiration of" and "of the United States" are omitted as surplus. The words "or any of their duly authorized representatives" are omitted as unnecessary because of 49:322(b) and 31:711(2). The words "may audit and inspect" are substituted for "shall have access for the purpose of audit and examination" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code. The word "recipient" is substituted for "such receipts" to correct an error in the underlying source provisions.

§5567. Preference for preserving buildings of historic or architectural significance

Amtrak shall give preference to the use of rail passenger terminal facilities that will preserve buildings of historic or architectural significance.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 854.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5567	49 App.:1653(i)(7).	Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931, §4(i)(7); added Oct. 28, 1974, Pub. L. 93–496, §§6, 15, 88 Stat. 1530, 1533; Feb. 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–210, §707(3), 90 Stat. 125; May 30, 1980, Pub. L. 96–254, §206(a), 94 Stat. 412.

The word "Amtrak" is substituted for "The National Railroad Passenger Corporation" for consistency in the revised title. The words "rail passenger terminal" are substituted for "station" for consistency in this chapter. The word "or" is substituted for "and" for consistency with the source provisions being restated in section 5562(a)(3) of the revised title.

§5568. Authorization of appropriations

(a) General.—The following amounts may be appropriated to the Secretary of Transportation:

(1) not more than $15,000,000 to carry out section 5562(a)(1) and (3) of this title.

(2) not more than $2,500,000 to carry out section 5562(a)(2) of this title.

(3) not more than $2,500,000 to carry out section 5562(a)(4) of this title.

(b) Availability of Amounts.—Amounts appropriated to carry out this chapter remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 854.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5568	49 App.:1653(i)(9).	Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931, §4(i)(9); added Oct. 28, 1974, Pub. L. 93–496, §§6, 15, 88 Stat. 1530, 1533; restated Feb. 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–210, §707(3), (5), 90 Stat. 125; Oct. 19, 1976, Pub. L. 94–555, §219(a), 90 Stat. 2629; May 30, 1980, Pub. L. 96–254, §206(a), 94 Stat. 412.

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "to the Secretary of Transportation" are added for clarity and consistency in this chapter.

In subsection (b), the words "to carry out" are substituted for "for the purpose set forth . . . in" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

CHAPTER 57—SANITARY FOOD TRANSPORTATION

        

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–244, title III, §302(g), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1618, substituted "transportation" for "Transportation" in item 5701.

2005—Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §7203, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1913, reenacted chapter heading without change and amended table of sections generally, substituting item 5701 for former items 5701 "Findings", 5702 "Definitions", 5703 "General regulation", 5704 "Tank trucks, rail tank cars, and cargo tanks", 5705 "Motor and rail transportation of nonfood products", 5706 "Dedicated vehicles", 5707 "Waiver authority", 5708 "Food transportation inspections", 5709 "Consultation", 5710 "Administrative", 5711 "Enforcement and penalties", 5712 "Relationship to other laws", 5713 "Application of sections 5711 and 5712", and 5714 "Coordination procedures".

§5701. Food transportation safety inspections

(a) Inspection Procedures.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Secretary of Agriculture, shall establish procedures for transportation safety inspections for the purpose of identifying suspected incidents of contamination or adulteration of—

(A) food in violation of regulations promulgated under section 416 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act;

(B) a carcass, part of a carcass, meat, meat food product, or animal subject to detention under section 402 of the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 672); and

(C) poultry products or poultry subject to detention under section 19 of the Poultry Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 467a).

(2) Training.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary of Transportation shall develop and carry out a training program to conduct enforcement of this chapter and regulations prescribed under this chapter or compatible State laws and regulations.

(B) Conduct.—In carrying out this paragraph, the Secretary of Transportation shall train inspectors, including Department of Transportation personnel, State employees described under subsection (c), or personnel paid with funds authorized under sections 31102 and 31104, in the recognition of adulteration problems associated with the transportation of cosmetics, devices, drugs, food, and food additives and in the procedures for obtaining assistance of the appropriate departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the Government and State authorities to support the enforcement.

(3) Applicability.—The procedures established under paragraph (1) shall apply, at a minimum, to Department of Transportation personnel that perform commercial motor vehicle or railroad safety inspections.

(b) Notification of Secretary of Health and Human Services or Secretary of Agriculture.—The Secretary of Transportation shall promptly notify the Secretary of Health and Human Services or the Secretary of Agriculture, as applicable, of any instances of potential food contamination or adulteration of a food identified during transportation safety inspections.

(c) Use of State Employees.—The means by which the Secretary of Transportation carries out subsection (b) may include inspections conducted by State employees using funds authorized to be appropriated under sections 31102 through 31104.

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §7203, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1913.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 416 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(A), is classified to section 350e of Title 21, Food and Drugs.

Prior Provisions

Prior sections 5701 to 5714 were omitted in the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–59, §7203.

Section 5701, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 854, related to findings.

Section 5702, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 854, defined terms.

Section 5703, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 855, directed Secretary to prescribe regulations.

Section 5704, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 856, related to prohibited use of tank trucks, rail tank cars, and cargo tanks.

Section 5705, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 857, related to prohibited motor and rail transportation of nonfood products.

Section 5706, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 857, related to dedication of vehicles to transport asbestos, extremely dangerous products, or refuse.

Section 5707, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 857, related to waiver of provisions.

Section 5708, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 858, related to food transportation inspections. See section 5701 of this title.

Section 5709, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 858, related to consultation with Secretaries of Agriculture and Health and Human Services and Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.

Section 5710, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 858, related to duties and powers of Secretary.

Section 5711, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 858, related to enforcement and penalties.

Section 5712, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 859, related to relationship to other laws.

Section 5713, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 859, related to application of sections 5711 and 5712.

Section 5714, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 859, related to coordination between departments, agencies, and instrumentalities.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2005, see section 7204 of Pub. L. 109–59, set out as an Effective Date of 2005 Amendment note under section 331 of Title 21, Food and Drugs.

CHAPTER 59—INTERMODAL SAFE CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION

        

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1996—Pub. L. 104–291, title II, §§208(b), 209(b), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3457, 3458, substituted "Effective date" for "Regulations and effective date" in item 5907 and added item 5908.

§5901. Definitions

In this chapter—

(1) except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the definitions in sections 10102 and 13102 of this title apply.

(2) "beneficial owner" means a person not having title to property but having ownership rights in the property, including a trustee of property in transit from an overseas place of origin that is domiciled or doing business in the United States, except that a carrier, agent of a carrier, broker, customs broker, freight forwarder, warehouser, or terminal operator is not a beneficial owner only because of providing or arranging for any part of the intermodal transportation of property.

(3) "carrier" means—

(A) a motor carrier, water carrier, and rail carrier providing transportation of property in commerce; and

(B) an ocean common carrier (as defined in section 40102 of title 46) providing transportation of property in commerce.

(4) "container" has the meaning given the term "freight container" by the International Standards Organization in Series 1, Freight Containers, 3d Edition (reference number ISO668–1979(E)), including successive revisions, and similar containers that are used in providing transportation in interstate commerce.

(5) "first carrier" means the first carrier transporting a loaded container or trailer in intermodal transportation.

(6) "gross cargo weight" means the weight of the cargo, packaging materials (including ice), pallets, and dunnage.

(7) "intermodal transportation" means the successive transportation of a loaded container or trailer from its place of origin to its place of destination by more than one mode of transportation in interstate or foreign commerce, whether under a single bill of lading or under separate bills of lading.

(8) "trailer" means a nonpower, property-carrying, trailing unit that is designed for use in combination with a truck tractor.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 859; Pub. L. 104–291, title II, §203, Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3453; Pub. L. 109–304, §17(h)(2), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1709.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5901(1)	49:501(a)(1).
5901(2)	49:501(a)(4).
5901(3)	49:501(a)(5).
5901(4)	49:501(a)(6).
5901(5)	49:501(a)(7).
5901(6)	49:501(a)(8).
5901(7)	49:501(a)(9).

This chapter restates 49:508 and the relevant definitions in 49:501 because the subject matter more appropriately belongs in subtitle III of title 49. The text of 49:501(a)(1) is restated to incorporate the definitions in 49:10102. The terms defined in 49:501(a)(2) and (3) are not used in this chapter.

In clause (2), the word "including" is substituted for "For purposes of this paragraph . . . shall be treated as a beneficial owner of such property" for consistency and to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "is not a beneficial owner only because of providing or arranging for any part of the intermodal transportation of property" are substituted for "providing or arranging for any portion of intermodal transportation of property shall in no case be a beneficial owner of such property, for purposes of this paragraph, solely by reason of providing or arranging for such transportation" to eliminate unnecessary words.

In clause (3)(A), the words "(as such terms are defined in section 10102 of this title)" are omitted as unnecessary because of clause (1) of this section.

In clause (7), the words "property-carrying" are substituted for "cargo carrying" for consistency in the revised title.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2006—Par. (3)(B). Pub. L. 109–304 substituted "section 40102 of title 46" for "section 3 of the Shipping Act of 1984 (46 App. U.S.C. 1702)".

1996—Par. (1). Pub. L. 104–291, §203(1), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "the definitions in section 10102 of this title apply."

Pars. (6) to (8). Pub. L. 104–291, §203(2), (3), added par. (6) and redesignated former pars. (6) and (7) as (7) and (8), respectively.

§5902. Notifications and certifications

(a) Prior Notification.—If the first carrier to which any loaded container or trailer having a projected gross cargo weight of more than 29,000 pounds is tendered for intermodal transportation is a motor carrier, the person tendering the container or trailer shall give the motor carrier a notification of the gross cargo weight and a reasonable description of the contents of the container or trailer before the tendering of the container or trailer. The notification may be transmitted electronically or by telephone. This subsection applies to any person within the United States who tenders a container or trailer subject to this chapter for intermodal transportation if the first carrier is a motor carrier.

(b) Certification.—

(1) In general.—A person who tenders a loaded container or trailer with an actual gross cargo weight of more than 29,000 pounds to a first carrier for intermodal transportation shall provide a certification of the contents of the container or trailer in writing, or electronically, before or when the container or trailer is so tendered.

(2) Contents of certification.—The certification required by paragraph (1) shall include—

(A) the actual gross cargo weight;

(B) a reasonable description of the contents of the container or trailer;

(C) the identity of the certifying party;

(D) the container or trailer number; and

(E) the date of certification or transfer of data to another document, as provided for in paragraph (3).

(3) Transfer of certification data.—A carrier who receives a certification may transfer the information contained in the certification to another document or to electronic format for forwarding to a subsequent carrier. The person transferring the information shall state on the forwarded document the date on which the data was transferred and the identity of the party who performed the transfer.

(4) Shipping documents.—For purposes of this chapter, a shipping document, prepared by the person who tenders a container or trailer to a first carrier, that contains the information required by paragraph (2) meets the requirements of paragraph (1).

(5) Use of "freight all kinds" term.—The term "Freight All Kinds" or "FAK" may not be used for the purpose of certification under section 5902(b) after December 31, 2000, as a commodity description for a trailer or container if the weight of any commodity in the trailer or container equals or exceeds 20 percent of the total weight of the contents of the trailer or container. This subsection does not prohibit the use of the term after that date for rating purposes.

(6) Separate document marking.—If a separate document is used to meet the requirements of paragraph (1), it shall be conspicuously marked "INTERMODAL CERTIFICATION".

(7) Applicability.—This subsection applies to any person, domestic or foreign, who first tenders a container or trailer subject to this chapter for intermodal transportation within the United States.

(c) Forwarding Certifications to Subsequent Carriers.—A carrier, agent of a carrier, broker, customs broker, freight forwarder, warehouser, or terminal operator shall forward the certification provided under subsection (b) of this section to a subsequent carrier transporting the container or trailer in intermodal transportation before or when the loaded intermodal container or trailer is tendered to the subsequent carrier. If no certification is received by the subsequent carrier before or when the container or trailer is tendered to it, the subsequent carrier may presume that no certification is required. The act of forwarding the certification may not be construed as a verification or affirmation of the accuracy or completeness of the information in the certification. If a person inaccurately transfers the information on the certification, or fails to forward the certification to a subsequent carrier, then that person is liable to any person who incurs any bond, fine, penalty, cost (including storage), or interest for any such fine, penalty, cost (including storage), or interest incurred as a result of the inaccurate transfer of information or failure to forward the certification. A subsequent carrier who incurs a bond, fine, penalty, or cost (including storage), or interest as a result of the inaccurate transfer of the information, or the failure to forward the certification, shall have a lien against the contents of the container or trailer under section 5905 in the amount of the bond, fine, penalty, or cost (including storage), or interest and all court costs and legal fees incurred by the carrier as a result of such inaccurate transfer or failure.

(d) Liability to Owner or Beneficial Owner.—If—

(1) a person inaccurately transfers information on a certification required by subsection (b)(1), or fails to forward a certification to the subsequent carrier;

(2) as a result of the inaccurate transfer of such information or a failure to forward a certification, the subsequent carrier incurs a bond, fine, penalty, or cost (including storage), or interest; and

(3) that subsequent carrier exercises its rights to a lien under section 5905,

then that person is liable to the owner or beneficial owner, or to any other person paying the amount of the lien to the subsequent carrier, for the amount of the lien and all costs related to the imposition of the lien, including court costs and legal fees incurred in connection with it.

(e) Nonapplication.—(1) The notification and certification requirements of subsections (a) and (b) of this section do not apply to any intermodal container or trailer containing consolidated shipments loaded by a motor carrier if that motor carrier—

(A) performs the highway portion of the intermodal movement; or

(B) assumes the responsibility for any weight-related fine or penalty incurred by any other motor carrier that performs a part of the highway transportation.

(2) Subsections (a) and (b) of this section and section 5903(c) of this title do not apply to a carrier when the carrier is transferring a loaded container or trailer to another carrier during intermodal transportation, unless the carrier is also the person tendering the loaded container or trailer to the first carrier.

(3) A carrier, agent of a carrier, broker, customs broker, freight forwarder, warehouser, or terminal operator is deemed not to be a person tendering a loaded container or trailer to a first carrier under this section, unless the carrier, agent, broker, customs broker, freight forwarder, warehouser, or terminal operator assumes legal responsibility for loading property into the container or trailer.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 860; Pub. L. 104–291, title II, §204, Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3453.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5902(a)	49:508(a)(1).
5902(b)	49:508(a)(2).
5902(c)	49:508(b).
5902(d)(1)	49:508(e).
5902(d)(2)	49:508(a)(4).

In subsection (c), the words "shall forward" are substituted for "It shall be a violation of this section for . . . to fail to forward" for clarity. The words "may not be construed as" are substituted for "shall not constitute, or in any way be construed as" to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (d)(2), the words "is deemed not to be" are substituted for "shall not be considered to be" for consistency in the revised title.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–291, §204(a)(4), (5), substituted "electronically or by telephone. This subsection applies to any person within the United States who tenders a container or trailer subject to this chapter for intermodal transportation if the first carrier is a motor carrier." for "electronically."

Pub. L. 104–291, §204(a)(3), inserted "before the tendering of the container or trailer" after "contents of the container or trailer".

Pub. L. 104–291, §204(a)(2), substituted "29,000 pounds is tendered for intermodal transportation is a motor carrier, the person tendering the container or trailer shall give the motor carrier a" for "10,000 pounds (including packing material and pallets), the person shall give the carrier a written".

Pub. L. 104–291, §204(a)(1), substituted "If the first carrier to which any" for "Before a person tenders to a first carrier for intermodal transportation a".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–291, §204(b), reenacted heading without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Not later than when a person tenders to a first carrier for intermodal transportation a container or trailer to which subsection (a) of this section applies or a loaded container or trailer having an actual gross cargo weight of more than 10,000 pounds (including packing material and pallets), the person shall certify to the carrier in writing the actual gross cargo weight and a reasonable description of the contents of the container or trailer."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–291, §204(c)(2), inserted at end "If a person inaccurately transfers the information on the certification, or fails to forward the certification to a subsequent carrier, then that person is liable to any person who incurs any bond, fine, penalty, cost (including storage), or interest for any such fine, penalty, cost (including storage), or interest incurred as a result of the inaccurate transfer of information or failure to forward the certification. A subsequent carrier who incurs a bond, fine, penalty, or cost (including storage), or interest as a result of the inaccurate transfer of the information, or the failure to forward the certification, shall have a lien against the contents of the container or trailer under section 5905 in the amount of the bond, fine, penalty, or cost (including storage), or interest and all court costs and legal fees incurred by the carrier as a result of such inaccurate transfer or failure."

Pub. L. 104–291, §204(c)(1), substituted "transportation before or when the loaded intermodal container or trailer is tendered to the subsequent carrier. If no certification is received by the subsequent carrier before or when the container or trailer is tendered to it, the subsequent carrier may presume that no certification is required." for "transportation."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–291, §204(d), added subsec. (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104–291, §204(d), (e), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e), added par. (1), redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as (2) and (3), respectively, and adjusted margin of par. (2).

§5903. Prohibitions

(a) Providing Erroneous Information.—A person, To ¹ whom section 5902(b) applies, tendering a loaded container or trailer may not provide erroneous information in a certification required by section 5902(b) of this title.

(b) Transporting Prior to Receiving Certification.—

(1) Presumption.—If no certification is received by a motor carrier before or when a loaded intermodal container or trailer is tendered to it, the motor carrier may presume that the gross cargo weight of the container or trailer is less than 29,001 pounds.

(2) Copy of certification not required to accompany container or trailer.—Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter to the contrary, a copy of the certification required by section 5902(b) is not required to accompany the intermodal container or trailer.

(c) Unlawful Coercion.—(1) A person may not coerce or attempt to coerce a person participating in intermodal transportation to transport a loaded container or trailer having an actual gross cargo weight of more than 29,000 pounds before the certification required by section 5902(b) of this title is provided.

(2) A person, knowing that the weight of a loaded container or trailer or the weight of a tractor-trailer combination carrying the container or trailer is more than the weight allowed by applicable State law, may not coerce or attempt to coerce a carrier to transport the container or trailer or to operate the tractor-trailer combination in violation of that State law.

(d) Notice to Leased Operators.—

(1) In general.—If a motor carrier knows that the gross cargo weight of an intermodal container or trailer subject to the certification requirements of section 5902(b) would result in a violation of applicable State gross vehicle weight laws, then—

(A) the motor carrier shall give notice to the operator of a vehicle which is leased by the vehicle operator to a motor carrier that transports an intermodal container or trailer of the gross cargo weight of the container or trailer as certified to the motor carrier under section 5902(b);

(B) the notice shall be provided to the operator prior to the operator being tendered the container or trailer;

(C) the notice required by this subsection shall be in writing, but may be transmitted electronically; and

(D) the motor carrier shall bear the burden of proof to establish that it tendered the required notice to the operator.

(2) Reimbursement.—If the operator of a leased vehicle transporting a container or trailer subject to this chapter is fined because of a violation of a State's gross vehicle weight laws or regulations and the lessee motor carrier cannot establish that it tendered to the operator the notice required by paragraph (1) of this subsection, then the operator shall be entitled to reimbursement from the motor carrier in the amount of any fine and court costs resulting from the failure of the motor carrier to tender the notice to the operator.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 860; Pub. L. 104–291, title II, §205, Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3456.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5903(a)	49:508(a)(3) (related to violations).
5903(b)	49:508(d).
5903(c)	49:508(c).

In this section, the words "may not" are substituted for "it shall be a violation" and "It shall be unlawful" for consistency in the revised title.

In subsection (a), the words "After the date on which the Secretary of Transportation issues final regulations to enforce this section" are omitted because of section 5907(b) of the revised title. The words "to fail to comply with paragraph (1) or (2)" are omitted as unnecessary because the failure to comply with an affirmative duty is a violation without the need to say so specifically. The word "false" is omitted as included in "erroneous". The word "written" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b), the words "(as such term is defined in section 10102 of this title)" are omitted as unnecessary because of section 5901(1) of the revised title. The word "transport" is substituted for "provide transportation of" for consistency and to eliminate unnecessary words.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–291, §205(1), inserted ", To whom section 5902(b) applies," after "person".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–291, §205(2), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows:

"(b) Transporting Prior To Receiving Certification.—A motor carrier may not transport a loaded container or trailer to which section 5902(b) of this title applies before receiving the certification required by section 5902(b)."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–291, §205(3), substituted "29,000 pounds" for "10,000 pounds (including packing materials and pallets)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–291, §205(4), added subsec. (d).

¹ So in original. Probably should not be capitalized.

§5904. State enforcement

(a) General.—A State may enact a law to permit the State or a political subdivision of the State—

(1) to impose a fine or penalty, for a violation of a State highway weight law or regulation by a tractor-trailer combination carrying a loaded container or trailer for which a certification is required by section 5902(b) of this title, against the person tendering the loaded container or trailer to the first carrier if the violation results from the person's having provided erroneous information in the certification in violation of section 5903(a) of this title; and

(2) to impound the container or trailer until the fine or penalty has been paid by the owner or beneficial owner of the contents of the container or trailer or the person tendering the loaded container or trailer to the first carrier.

(b) Limitation.—This chapter does not require a person tendering a loaded container or trailer to a first carrier to ensure that the first carrier or any other carrier involved in the intermodal transportation will comply with any State highway weight law or regulation, other than as required by this chapter.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 861.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5904(a)	49:508(f).
5904(b)	49:508(h).

In subsection (a)(1), the words "false" and "written" are omitted as surplus and for consistency with section 5903(a) of the revised title.

In subsection (b), the words "does not require" are substituted for "shall not be construed as creating any obligation or responsibility for" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "State highway weight law or regulation" are substituted for "State statutes or regulations prescribing weight limitations for highway transportation" for consistency with subsection (a) of this section and to eliminate unnecessary words.

§5905. Liens

(a) General.—If a person involved in the intermodal transportation of a loaded container or trailer for which a certification is required by section 5902(b) of this title is required, because of a violation of a State's gross vehicle weight laws or regulations, to post a bond or pay a fine, penalty, cost (including storage), or interest resulting from—

(1) erroneous information provided by the certifying party in the certification to the first carrier in violation of section 5903(a) of this title;

(2) the failure of the party required to provide the certification to the first carrier to provide it;

(3) the failure of a person required under section 5902(c) to forward the certification to forward it; or

(4) an error occurring in the transfer of information on the certification to another document under section 5902(b)(3) or (c),

then the person posting the bond, or paying the fine, penalty, costs (including storage), or interest has a lien against the contents equal to the amount of the bond, fine, penalty, cost (including storage), or interest incurred, until the person receives a payment of that amount from the owner or beneficial owner of the contents, or from the person responsible for making or forwarding the certification, or transferring the information from the certification to another document.

(b) Limitations.—(1) A lien under this section does not authorize a person to dispose of the contents of a loaded container or trailer until the person who tendered the container or trailer to the first carrier, or the owner or beneficial owner of the contents, is given a reasonable opportunity to establish responsibility for the bond, fine, penalty, cost (including storage), or interest. The lien shall remain in effect until the lien holder has received payment for all costs and expenses described in subsection (a) of this section.

(2) In this section, an owner or beneficial owner of the contents of a container or trailer or a person tendering a container or trailer to the first carrier is deemed not to be a person involved in the intermodal transportation of the container or trailer.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 861; Pub. L. 104–291, title II, §206, Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3457.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5905(a)	49:508(g)(1).
5905(b)	49:508(g)(2)(A), (B).

In this section, the word "expenses" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (a), the words "false" and "written" are omitted as surplus and for consistency with section 5903(a) of the revised title.

In subsection (b)(1), the word "establish" is substituted for "determine" for consistency in the revised title.

In subsection (b)(2), the words "is deemed not to be" are substituted for "shall not be treated as" for consistency in the revised title.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–291, §206(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows:

"(a) General.—If a person involved in the intermodal transportation of a loaded container or trailer for which a certification is required by section 5902(b) of this title is required under State law to post a bond or pay any fine, penalty, cost, or interest resulting from providing erroneous information in the certification to the first carrier in violation of section 5903(a) of this title, the person has a lien against the contents equal to the amount of the bond, fine, penalty, cost, or interest incurred, until the person receives a payment of that amount from the owner or beneficial owner of the contents or from the person responsible for making the certification."

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 104–291, §206(3), substituted "cost (including storage), or interest. The lien shall remain in effect until the lien holder has received payment for all costs and expenses described in subsection (a) of this section." for "cost, or interest."

Pub. L. 104–291, §206(2), inserted ", or the owner or beneficial owner of the contents," after "first carrier".

§5906. Perishable agricultural commodities

Section 5905 of this title does not apply to a container or trailer the contents of which are perishable agricultural commodities (as defined in the Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act, 1930 (7 U.S.C. 499a et seq.)).

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 861; Pub. L. 104–291, title II, §207, Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3457.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5906	49:508(g)(2)(C).

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act, 1930, referred to in text, is act June 10, 1930, ch. 436, 46 Stat. 531, which is classified generally to chapter 20A (§499a et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 499a(a) of Title 7 and Tables.

Amendments

1996—Pub. L. 104–291 substituted "Section 5905 of this title does" for "Sections 5904(a)(2) and 5905 of this title do".

§5907. Effective date

This chapter shall take effect 180 days after the date of enactment of the Intermodal Safe Container Transportation Amendments Act of 1996.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 862; Pub. L. 104–291, title II, §208(a), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3457.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised Section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
5907(a)	49:508 (note).	Oct. 28, 1992, Pub. L. 102–548, §2(d), 106 Stat. 3649.
5907(b)	49:508(a)(3) (related to effective date).

In subsection (a), the words "shall initiate a proceeding to issue regulations . . . within 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act" are omitted as executed.

Subsection (b) is substituted for the source provision and made applicable to the entire chapter for clarity.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of the Intermodal Safe Container Transportation Amendments Act of 1996, referred to in text, is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 104–291, which was approved Oct. 11, 1996.

Amendments

1996—Pub. L. 104–291 substituted "Effective date" for "Regulations and effective date" in section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(a) Regulations.—Not later than July 25, 1993, the Secretary of Transportation shall prescribe final regulations to enforce this chapter. The Secretary may establish by regulation exemptions to the regulations that are in the public interest and consistent with the purposes of this chapter.

"(b) Effective Date.—This chapter is effective on the date final regulations to enforce this chapter are prescribed."

§5908. Relationship to other laws

Nothing in this chapter affects—

(1) chapter 51 (relating to transportation of hazardous material) or the regulations promulgated under that chapter; or

(2) any State highway weight or size law or regulation applicable to tractor-trailer combinations.

(Added Pub. L. 104–291, title II, §209(a), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3458.)

CHAPTER 61—ONE-CALL NOTIFICATION PROGRAMS

        

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2016—Pub. L. 114–183, §2(c)(2), June 22, 2016, 130 Stat. 516, substituted "Funding" for "Authorization of appropriations" in item 6107.

2006—Pub. L. 109–468, §3(b), Dec. 29, 2006, 120 Stat. 3490, added item 6109.

2002—Pub. L. 107–355, §2(c)(2), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2986, substituted "Implementation of best practices guidelines" for "Review of one-call system best practices" in item 6105.

§6101. Purposes

The purposes of this chapter are—

(1) to enhance public safety;

(2) to protect the environment;

(3) to minimize risks to excavators; and

(4) to prevent disruption of vital public services,

by reducing the incidence of damage to underground facilities during excavation through the voluntary adoption and efficient implementation by all States of State one-call notification programs that meet the minimum standards set forth under section 6103.

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title VII, §7302(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 478.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of duties, powers, and authority of Research and Special Programs Administration under this chapter to the Administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 108–426, set out as a note under section 108 of this title.

Congressional Findings

Pub. L. 105–178, title VII, §7301, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 477, provided that: "Congress finds that—

"(1) unintentional damage to underground facilities during excavation is a significant cause of disruptions in telecommunications, water supply, electric power, and other vital public services, such as hospital and air traffic control operations, and is a leading cause of natural gas and hazardous liquid pipeline accidents;

"(2) excavation that is performed without prior notification to an underground facility operator or with inaccurate or untimely marking of such a facility prior to excavation can cause damage that results in fatalities, serious injuries, harm to the environment and disruption of vital services to the public; and

"(3) protection of the public and the environment from the consequences of underground facility damage caused by excavations will be enhanced by a coordinated national effort to improve one-call notification programs in each State and the effectiveness and efficiency of one-call notification systems that operate under such programs."

§6102. Definitions

In this chapter, the following definitions apply:

(1) One-call notification system.—The term "one-call notification system" means a system operated by an organization that has as 1 of its purposes to receive notification from excavators of intended excavation in a specified area in order to disseminate such notification to underground facility operators that are members of the system so that such operators can locate and mark their facilities in order to prevent damage to underground facilities in the course of such excavation.

(2) State one-call notification program.—The term "State one-call notification program" means the State statutes, regulations, orders, judicial decisions, and other elements of law and policy in effect in a State that establish the requirements for the operation of one-call notification systems in such State.

(3) State.—The term "State" means a State, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.

(4) Secretary.—The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Transportation.

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title VII, §7302(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 478.)

§6103. Minimum standards for State one-call notification programs

(a) Minimum Standards.—

(1) In general.—In order to qualify for a grant under section 6106, a State one-call notification program, at a minimum, shall provide for—

(A) appropriate participation by all underground facility operators, including all government operators;

(B) appropriate participation by all excavators, including all government and contract excavators; and

(C) flexible and effective enforcement under State law with respect to participation in, and use of, one-call notification systems.

(2) Exemptions prohibited.—In order to qualify for a grant under section 6106, a State one-call notification program may not exempt municipalities, State agencies, or their contractors from the one-call notification system requirements of the program.

(b) Appropriate Participation.—In determining the appropriate extent of participation required for types of underground facilities or excavators under subsection (a), a State shall assess, rank, and take into consideration the risks to the public safety, the environment, excavators, and vital public services associated with—

(1) damage to types of underground facilities; and

(2) activities of types of excavators.

(c) Implementation.—A State one-call notification program also shall, at a minimum, provide for and document—

(1) consideration of the ranking of risks under subsection (b) in the enforcement of its provisions;

(2) a reasonable relationship between the benefits of one-call notification and the cost of implementing and complying with the requirements of the State one-call notification program; and

(3) voluntary participation where the State determines that a type of underground facility or an activity of a type of excavator poses a de minimis risk to public safety or the environment.

(d) Penalties.—To the extent the State determines appropriate and necessary to achieve the purposes of this chapter, a State one-call notification program shall, at a minimum, provide for—

(1) administrative or civil penalties commensurate with the seriousness of a violation by an excavator or facility owner of a State one-call notification program;

(2) increased penalties for parties that repeatedly damage underground facilities because they fail to use one-call notification systems or for parties that repeatedly fail to provide timely and accurate marking after the required call has been made to a one-call notification system;

(3) reduced or waived penalties for a violation of a requirement of a State one-call notification program that results in, or could result in, damage that is promptly reported by the violator;

(4) equitable relief; and

(5) citation of violations.

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title VII, §7302(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 479; amended Pub. L. 107–355, §2(a), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2985; Pub. L. 112–90, §3(a), Jan. 3, 2012, 125 Stat. 1906.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2012—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–90, §3(a), amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "In order to qualify for a grant under section 6106, a State one-call notification program shall, at a minimum, provide for—

"(1) appropriate participation by all underground facility operators, including all government operators;

"(2) appropriate participation by all excavators, including all government and contract excavators; and

"(3) flexible and effective enforcement under State law with respect to participation in, and use of, one-call notification systems."

2002—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 107–355, §2(a)(1)(A), inserted ", including all government operators" before semicolon at end.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 107–355, §2(a)(1)(B), inserted ", including all government and contract excavators" before semicolon.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107–355, §2(a)(2), substituted "provide for and document" for "provide for" in introductory provisions.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Pub. L. 112–90, §3(c), Jan. 3, 2012, 125 Stat. 1906, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 60134 of this title] shall take effect 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 3, 2012]."

§6104. Compliance with minimum standards

(a) Requirement.—In order to qualify for a grant under section 6106, each State shall submit to the Secretary a grant application under subsection (b). The State shall submit the application not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this chapter.

(b) Application.—

(1) Upon application by a State, the Secretary shall review that State's one-call notification program, including the provisions for the implementation of the program and the record of compliance and enforcement under the program.

(2) Based on the review under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall determine whether the State's one-call notification program meets the minimum standards for such a program set forth in section 6103 in order to qualify for a grant under section 6106.

(3) In order to expedite compliance under this section, the Secretary may consult with the State as to whether an existing State one-call notification program, a specific modification thereof, or a proposed State program would result in a positive determination under paragraph (2).

(4) The Secretary shall prescribe the form and manner of filing an application under this section that shall provide sufficient information about a State's one-call notification program for the Secretary to evaluate its overall effectiveness. Such information may include the nature and reasons for exceptions from required participation, the types of enforcement available, and such other information as the Secretary deems necessary.

(5) The application of a State under paragraph (1) and the record of actions of the Secretary under this section shall be available to the public.

(c) Alternative Program.—A State is eligible to receive a grant under section 6106 if the State maintains an alternative one-call notification program that provides protection for public safety, excavators, and the environment that is equivalent to, or greater than, protection provided under a program that meets the minimum standards set forth in section 6103.

(d) Report.—The Secretary shall include the following information in reports submitted under section 60124 of this title—

(1) a description of the extent to which each State has adopted and implemented the minimum Federal standards under section 6103 or maintains an alternative program under subsection (c);

(2) an analysis by the Secretary of the overall effectiveness of each State's one-call notification program and the one-call notification systems operating under such program in achieving the purposes of this chapter;

(3) the impact of each State's decisions on the extent of required participation in one-call notification systems on prevention of damage to underground facilities; and

(4) areas where improvements are needed in one-call notification systems in operation in each State.

The report shall also include any recommendations the Secretary determines appropriate. If the Secretary determines that the purposes of this chapter have been substantially achieved, no further report under this section shall be required.

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title VII, §7302(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 479; amended Pub. L. 107–355, §2(b), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2985.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of the enactment of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 105–178, which was approved June 9, 1998.

Amendments

2002—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–355 substituted "The Secretary shall" for "Within 3 years after the date of the enactment of this chapter, the Secretary shall begin to" in introductory provisions.

§6105. Implementation of best practices guidelines

(a) Adoption of Best Practices.—The Secretary of Transportation shall encourage States, operators of one-call notification programs, excavators (including all government and contract excavators), and underground facility operators to adopt and implement practices identified in the best practices report entitled "Common Ground", as periodically updated.

(b) Technical Assistance.—The Secretary shall provide technical assistance to and participate in programs sponsored by a non-profit organization specifically established for the purpose of reducing construction-related damage to underground facilities.

(c) Grants.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary may make grants to a non-profit organization described in subsection (b).

(2) Authorization of appropriations.—In addition to amounts authorized under section 6107, there is authorized to be appropriated for making grants under this subsection $500,000 for each of fiscal years 2003 through 2006. Such sums shall remain available until expended.

(3) General revenue funding.—Any sums appropriated under this subsection shall be derived from general revenues and may not be derived from amounts collected under section 60301.

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title VII, §7302(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 480; amended Pub. L. 107–355, §2(c)(1), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2985.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2002—Pub. L. 107–355 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to study of existing one-call systems, purpose and considerations of study, report by Secretary within one year of June 9, 1998, and discretion of Secretary as to whether to carry out study.

§6106. Grants to States

(a) In General.—The Secretary may make a grant of financial assistance to a State that qualifies under section 6104(b) to assist in improving—

(1) the overall quality and effectiveness of one-call notification systems in the State;

(2) communications systems linking one-call notification systems;

(3) location capabilities, including training personnel and developing and using location technology;

(4) record retention and recording capabilities for one-call notification systems;

(5) public information and education;

(6) participation in one-call notification systems; or

(7) compliance and enforcement under the State one-call notification program.

(b) State Action Taken Into Account.—In making grants under this section, the Secretary shall take into consideration the commitment of each State to improving its State one-call notification program, including legislative and regulatory actions taken by the State after the date of enactment of this chapter.

(c) Funding for One-Call Notification Systems.—A State may provide funds received under this section directly to any one-call notification system in such State that substantially adopts the best practices identified under section 6105.

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title VII, §7302(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 482.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (b), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 105–178, which was approved June 9, 1998.

§6107. Funding

Of the amounts made available under section 60125(a)(1), the Secretary shall expend $1,058,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2023 to carry out section 6106.

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title VII, §7302(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 482; amended Pub. L. 107–355, §2(d), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2986; Pub. L. 109–468, §18(d), Dec. 29, 2006, 120 Stat. 3498; Pub. L. 112–90, §32(c), Jan. 3, 2012, 125 Stat. 1922; Pub. L. 114–183, §2(c)(1), June 22, 2016, 130 Stat. 516; Pub. L. 116–260, div. R, title I, §101(c), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2213.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2020—Pub. L. 116–260 substituted "$1,058,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2023" for "$1,058,000 for each of fiscal years 2016 through 2019".

2016—Pub. L. 114–183 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(a) For Grants to States.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to provide grants to States under section 6106 $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2012 through 2015. Such funds shall remain available until expended.

"(b) For Administration.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as may be necessary to carry out sections 6103, 6104, and 6105 for fiscal years 2012 through 2015."

2012—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 112–90, §32(c)(1), (2), substituted "2012 through 2015." for "2007 through 2010."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 112–90, §32(c)(3), struck out subsec. (c). Text read as follows: "Any sums appropriated under this section shall be derived from general revenues and may not be derived from amounts collected under section 60301 of this title."

2006—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 109–468 substituted "fiscal years 2007 through 2010" for "fiscal years 2003 through 2006".

2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–355, §2(d)(1), substituted "$1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2003 through 2006" for "$1,000,000 for fiscal year 2000 and $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2001" in first sentence.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–355, §2(d)(2), substituted "for fiscal years 2003 through 2006" for "for fiscal years 1999, 2000, and 2001".

§6108. Relationship to State laws

Nothing in this chapter preempts State law or shall impose a new requirement on any State or mandate revisions to a one-call system.

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title VII, §7302(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 482.)

§6109. Public education and awareness

(a) Grant Authority.—The Secretary shall make a grant to an appropriate entity for promoting public education and awareness with respect to the 811 national excavation damage prevention phone number.

(b) Authorization of Appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary $1,000,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2006, and ending September 30, 2008, to carry out this section.

(Added Pub. L. 109–468, §3(a), Dec. 29, 2006, 120 Stat. 3489.)

CHAPTER 63—BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS

        

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VI, §6018(c), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1577, added item 6314.

§6301. Definitions

In this chapter, the following definitions apply:

(1) Bureau.—The term "Bureau" means the Bureau of Transportation Statistics established by section 6302(a).

(2) Department.—The term "Department" means the Department of Transportation.

(3) Director.—The term "Director" means the Director of the Bureau.

(4) Library.—The term "Library" means the National Transportation Library established by section 6304(a).

(5) Secretary.—The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Transportation.

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52011(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 887.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Construction

Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52011(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 895, provided that: "If the provisions of section 111 of title 49, United States Code, are transferred to chapter 63 of that title, the following rules of construction apply:

"(1) For purposes of determining whether 1 provision of law supersedes another based on enactment later in time, a chapter 63 provision is deemed to have been enacted on the date of enactment of the corresponding section 111 provision [section 111 of this title was enacted Dec. 18, 1991].

"(2) A reference to a section 111 provision, including a reference in a regulation, order, or other law, is deemed to refer to the corresponding chapter 63 provision.

"(3) A regulation, order, or other administrative action in effect under a section 111 provision continues in effect under the corresponding chapter 63 provision.

"(4) An action taken or an offense committed under a section 111 provision is deemed to have been taken or committed under the corresponding chapter 63 provision."

§6302. Bureau of Transportation Statistics

(a) In General.—There shall be within the Department of Transportation the Bureau of Transportation Statistics.

(b) Director.—

(1) Appointment.—The Bureau shall be headed by a Director, who shall be appointed in the competitive service by the Secretary.

(2) Qualifications.—The Director shall be appointed from among individuals who are qualified to serve as the Director by virtue of their training and experience in the collection, analysis, and use of transportation statistics.

(3) Duties.—

(A) In general.—The Director shall—

(i) serve as the senior advisor to the Secretary on data and statistics; and

(ii) be responsible for carrying out the duties described in subparagraph (B).

(B) Duties.—The Director shall—

(i) ensure that the statistics compiled under clause (vi) are designed to support transportation decisionmaking by—

(I) the Federal Government;

(II) State and local governments;

(III) metropolitan planning organizations;

(IV) transportation-related associations;

(V) the private sector, including the freight community; and

(VI) the public;

(ii) establish on behalf of the Secretary a program—

(I) to effectively integrate safety data across modes; and

(II) to address gaps in existing safety data programs of the Department;

(iii) work with the operating administrations of the Department—

(I) to establish and implement the data programs of the Bureau; and

(II) to improve the coordination of information collection efforts with other Federal agencies;

(iv) continually improve surveys and data collection methods of the Department to improve the accuracy and utility of transportation statistics;

(v) encourage the standardization of data, data collection methods, and data management and storage technologies for data collected by—

(I) the Bureau;

(II) the operating administrations of the Department;

(III) State and local governments;

(IV) metropolitan planning organizations; and

(V) private sector entities;

(vi) collect, compile, analyze, and publish a comprehensive set of transportation statistics on the performance and impacts of the national transportation system, including statistics on—

(I) transportation safety across all modes and intermodally;

(II) the state of good repair of United States transportation infrastructure;

(III) the extent, connectivity, and condition of the transportation system, building on the national transportation atlas database developed under section 6309;

(IV) economic efficiency across the entire transportation sector;

(V) employment in the transportation sector;

(VI) the effects of the transportation system, including advanced technologies and automation, on global and domestic economic competitiveness;

(VII) demographic, economic, and other variables influencing travel behavior, including choice of transportation mode and goods movement;

(VIII) transportation-related variables that influence the domestic economy and global competitiveness;

(IX) economic costs and impacts for passenger travel and freight movement;

(X) intermodal and multimodal passenger movement;

(XI) intermodal and multimodal freight movement; and

(XII) consequences of transportation for the human and natural environment;

(vii) build and disseminate the transportation layer of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure developed under Executive Order 12906 (59 Fed. Reg. 17671) (or a successor Executive Order), including by coordinating the development of transportation geospatial data standards, compiling intermodal geospatial data, and collecting geospatial data that is not being collected by other entities;

(viii) issue guidelines for the collection of information by the Department that the Director determines necessary to develop transportation statistics and carry out modeling, economic assessment, and program assessment activities to ensure that such information is accurate, reliable, relevant, uniform, and in a form that permits systematic analysis by the Department;

(ix) review and report to the Secretary on the sources and reliability of—

(I) the statistics proposed by the heads of the operating administrations of the Department to measure outputs and outcomes as required by the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (Public Law 103–62; 107 Stat. 285); and

(II) at the request of the Secretary, any other data collected or statistical information published by the heads of the operating administrations of the Department; and

(x) ensure that the statistics published under this section are readily accessible to the public, consistent with applicable security constraints and confidentiality interests.

(c) Access to Federal Data.—In carrying out subsection (b)(3)(B)(ii), the Director shall be given access to all safety data that the Director determines necessary to carry out that subsection that is held by the Department or any other Federal agency upon written request and subject to any statutory or regulatory restrictions.

(d) Independence of Bureau.—

(1) In general.—The Director shall not be required—

(A) to obtain the approval of any other officer or employee of the Department with respect to the collection or analysis of any information; or

(B) prior to publication, to obtain the approval of any other officer or employee of the United States Government with respect to the substance of any statistical technical reports or press releases lawfully prepared by the Director.

(2) Budget authority.—The Director shall have a significant role in the disposition and allocation of the authorized budget of the Bureau, including—

(A) all hiring, grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts awarded by the Bureau to carry out this section; and

(B) the disposition and allocation of amounts paid to the Bureau for cost-reimbursable projects.

(3) Exceptions.—The Secretary shall direct external support functions, such as the coordination of activities involving multiple modal administrations.

(4) Information technology.—The Department Chief Information Officer shall consult with the Director to ensure decisions related to information technology guarantee the protection of the confidentiality of information provided solely for statistical purposes, in accordance with section 3572 of title 44.

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52011(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 887; amended Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1446(b), title VI, §§6011(d)(2), 6017, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1438, 1570, 1575; Pub. L. 115–435, title III, §302(c)(3)(A), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5553; Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title V, §25004(b), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 839.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Executive Order 12906, referred to in subsec. (b)(3)(B)(vii), is Ex. Ord. No. 12906, Apr. 11, 1994, 59 F.R. 17671, which is set out as a note under section 1457 of Title 43, Public Lands.

The Government Performance and Results Act of 1993, referred to in subsec. (b)(3)(B)(ix)(I), is Pub. L. 103–62, Aug. 3, 1993, 107 Stat. 285, which enacted section 306 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, sections 1115 to 1119, 9703, and 9704 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and sections 2801 to 2805 of Title 39, Postal Service, amended section 1105 of Title 31, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1101 and 1115 of Title 31. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1993 Amendment note set out under section 1101 of Title 31 and Tables.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (b)(3)(B)(vi)(V) to (XII). Pub. L. 117–58 added subcls. (V) and (VI), redesignated former subcls. (VI) to (XI) as (VII) to (XII), respectively, and struck out former subcl. (V) which read as follows: "the effects of the transportation system on global and domestic economic competitiveness;".

2019—Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 115–435 substituted "section 3572 of title 44." for "the Confidential Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act of 2002 (44 U.S.C. 3501 note; Public Law 107–347)."

2015—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–94, §6011(d)(2), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which related to establishment of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics.

Subsec. (b)(3)(B)(vi)(III). Pub. L. 114–94, §1446(b), substituted "6309" for "6310".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–94, §6017, added subsec. (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2019 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–435 effective 180 days after Jan. 14, 2019, see section 403 of Pub. L. 115–435, set out as a note under section 306 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Transitional and Savings Provisions

For transitional and savings provisions related to the amendment of this section and other provisions of law by title III of Pub. L. 115–435, see section 302(d) of Pub. L. 115–435, set out as a note under section 3561 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Bureau of Transportation Statistics

Pub. L. 118–63, title V, §511, May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1194, provided that:

"(a) Rulemaking.—Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act [May 16, 2024], the Director of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics shall initiate a rulemaking to revise section 234.4 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, to create a new 'cause of delay' category (or categories) that identifies and tracks information on delays and cancellations of air carriers (as defined in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code) that are due to instructions from the FAA [Federal Aviation Administration] Air Traffic Control System and to make any other changes necessary to carry out this section.

"(b) Air Carrier Code.—The following causes shall not be included within the Air Carrier code specified in section 234.4 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, for cancelled and delayed flights:

"(1) Aircraft cleaning necessitated by the death of a passenger.

"(2) Aircraft damage caused by extreme weather, foreign object debris, or sabotage.

"(3) A baggage or cargo loading delay caused by an outage of a bag system not controlled by a carrier or its contractor.

"(4) Cybersecurity attacks (provided that the air carrier is in compliance with applicable cybersecurity regulations).

"(5) A shutdown or system failure of government systems that directly affects the ability of an air carrier to safely conduct flights and is unexpected.

"(6) Overheated brakes due to a safety incident resulting in the use of emergency procedures.

"(7) Unscheduled maintenance, including in response to an airworthiness directive, manifesting outside a scheduled maintenance program that cannot be deferred or must be addressed before flight.

"(8) An emergency that required medical attention through no fault of the carrier.

"(9) The removal of an unruly passenger.

"(10) An airport closure due to the presence of volcanic ash, wind, or wind shear.

"(c) Family Seating Complaints.—

"(1) In general.—The Director of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics shall update the reporting framework of the Bureau to create a new category to identify and track information on complaints related to family seating.

"(2) Sunset.—The requirements in paragraph (1) shall cease to be effective on the date on which the rulemaking required by section 513 [of Pub. L. 118–63, 49 U.S.C. 42301 note prec.] is effective.

"(d) Air Travel Consumer Report.—

"(1) ATCSCC delays.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall include information on delays and cancellations that are due to instructions from the FAA Air Traffic Control System Command Center in the Air Travel Consumer Report issued by the Office of Aviation Consumer Protection of the Department of Transportation.

"(2) Family seating complaints.—The Secretary shall include information on complaints related to family seating—

"(A) in the Air Travel Consumer Report issued by the Office of Aviation Consumer Protection of the Department of Transportation; and

"(B) on the family seating dashboard required by subsection (a)(2).

"(3) Sunset.—The requirements in paragraph (2) shall cease to be effective on the date on which the rulemaking required by section 513 is effective."

Federal Support for Local Decisionmaking

Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title V, §25003, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 838, provided that:

"(a) Local Outreach.—To determine the data analysis tools needed to assist local communities in making infrastructure decisions, the Director of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics shall perform outreach to planning and infrastructure decision-making officials in units of local government and other units of government, including a geographically diverse group of individuals from—

"(1) States;

"(2) political subdivisions of States;

"(3) cities;

"(4) metropolitan planning organizations;

"(5) regional transportation planning organizations; and

"(6) federally recognized Indian Tribes.

"(b) Work Plan.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 15, 2021], based on the outreach performed under subsection (a), the Director of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics shall submit to the Secretary [of Transportation] a work plan for reviewing and updating existing data analysis tools and developing any additional data analysis tools needed to assist local communities with making infrastructure investment decisions.

"(2) Contents.—Based on the needs identified pursuant to the outreach performed under subsection (a), the work plan submitted under paragraph (1) shall include—

"(A) a description of the data analysis tools identified that would benefit infrastructure decision-making by local governments and address the goals described in subsection (c);

"(B) a review of the datasets that local governments need to effectively use the data analysis tools described in subparagraph (A);

"(C) an identification of existing or proposed data analysis tools that use publicly available data;

"(D) the estimated cost of obtaining each dataset described in subparagraph (B);

"(E) the estimated cost to develop the data analysis tools described in subparagraph (A);

"(F) a prioritization for the development of data analysis tools described in subparagraph (A); and

"(G) a determination as to whether it would be appropriate for the Federal Government to develop the data analysis tools described in subparagraph (A).

"(c) Goals.—

"(1) In general.—A data analysis tool created pursuant to the work plan submitted under subsection (b)(1) shall be developed to help inform local communities in making infrastructure investments.

"(2) Specific issues.—A data analysis tool created pursuant to the work plan submitted under subsection (b)(1) shall be intended to help units of local government and other units of government address 1 or more of the following:

"(A) Improving maintenance of existing assets.

"(B) Rebuilding infrastructure to a state of good repair.

"(C) Creating economic development through infrastructure development.

"(D) Establishing freight plans and infrastructure that connects the community to supply chains.

"(E) Increasing options for communities that lack access to affordable transportation to improve access to jobs, affordable housing, schools, medical services, foods and other essential community services.

"(F) Reducing congestion.

"(G) Improving community resilience to extreme weather events.

"(H) Any other subject, as the Director determines to be necessary.

"(d) Implementation.—Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary shall develop data analysis tools and purchase datasets as prioritized in the work plan.

"(e) Coordination.—The Director of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics may utilize existing working groups or advisory committees to perform the local outreach required under subsection (a)."

Office of Airline Information

Pub. L. 106–181, title I, §103(b), Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 67, provided that: "There is authorized to be appropriated from the Airport and Airway Trust Fund to the Secretary [of Transportation] $4,000,000 for fiscal years beginning after September 30, 2000, to fund the activities of the Office of Airline Information in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics of the Department of Transportation."

§6303. Intermodal transportation database

(a) In General.—In consultation with the Under Secretary Transportation for Policy, the Assistant Secretaries of the Department, and the heads of the operating administrations of the Department, the Director shall establish and maintain a transportation database for all modes of transportation.

(b) Use.—The database established under this section shall be suitable for analyses carried out by the Federal Government, the States, and metropolitan planning organizations.

(c) Contents.—The database established under this section shall include—

(1) information on the volumes and patterns of movement of goods, including local, interregional, and international movement, by all modes of transportation, intermodal combinations, and relevant classification;

(2) information on the volumes and patterns of movement of people, including local, interregional, and international movements, by all modes of transportation (including bicycle and pedestrian modes), intermodal combinations, and relevant classification;

(3) information on the location and connectivity of transportation facilities and services; and

(4) a national accounting of expenditures and capital stocks on each mode of transportation and intermodal combination.

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52011(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 890.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

§6304. National Transportation Library

(a) Purpose and Establishment.—To support the information management and decisionmaking needs of transportation officials at the Federal, State, and local levels, there is established in the Bureau a National Transportation Library which shall—

(1) be headed by an individual who is highly qualified in library and information science;

(2) acquire, preserve, and manage transportation information and information products and services for use by the Department, other Federal agencies, and the general public;

(3) provide reference and research assistance;

(4) serve as a central depository for research results and technical publications of the Department;

(5) provide a central clearinghouse for transportation data and information of the Federal Government;

(6) serve as coordinator and policy lead for transportation information access;

(7) provide transportation information and information products and services to—

(A) the Department;

(B) other Federal agencies;

(C) public and private organizations; and

(D) individuals, within the United States and internationally;

(8) coordinate efforts among, and cooperate with, transportation libraries, information providers, and technical assistance centers, in conjunction with private industry and other transportation library and information centers, with the goal of developing a comprehensive transportation information and knowledge network that supports the activities described in section 6302(b)(3)(B)(vi); and

(9) engage in such other activities as the Director determines to be necessary and as the resources of the Library permit.

(b) Access.—The Director shall publicize, facilitate, and promote access to the information products and services described in subsection (a), to improve the ability of the transportation community to share information and the ability of the Director to make statistics and other information readily accessible as required under section 6302(b)(3)(B)(x).

(c) Agreements.—

(1) In general.—To carry out this section, the Director may enter into agreements with, award grants to, and receive amounts from, any—

(A) State or local government;

(B) organization;

(C) business; or

(D) individual.

(2) Contracts, grants, and agreements.—The Library may initiate and support specific information and data management, access, and exchange activities in connection with matters relating to the Department's strategic goals, knowledge networking, and national and international cooperation, by entering into contracts or other agreements or awarding grants for the conduct of such activities.

(3) Amounts.—Any amounts received by the Library as payment for library products and services or other activities shall be made available to the Director to carry out this section, deposited in the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology of the Department of Transportation's general fund account, and remain available until expended.

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52011(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 890; amended Pub. L. 113–76, div. L, title I, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 574.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology of the Department of Transportation's" substituted for "Research and Innovative Technology Administration's" in subsec. (c)(3) on authority of title I of div. L of Pub. L. 113–76, set out in part as a Transfer of Duties and Powers note under former section 112 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

§6305. Advisory council on transportation statistics

(a) In General.—The Director shall establish and consult with an advisory council on transportation statistics.

(b) Function.—The advisory council established under this section shall advise the Director on—

(1) the quality, reliability, consistency, objectivity, and relevance of transportation statistics and analyses collected, supported, or disseminated by the Bureau and the Department; and

(2) methods to encourage cooperation and interoperability of transportation data collected by the Bureau, the operating administrations of the Department, States, local governments, metropolitan planning organizations, and private sector entities.

(c) Membership.—

(1) In general.—The advisory council shall be composed of not fewer than 9 and not more than 11 members appointed by the Director.

(2) Selection.—In selecting members for the advisory council, the Director shall appoint individuals who—

(A) are not officers or employees of the United States;

(B) possess expertise in—

(i) transportation data collection, analysis, or application;

(ii) economics; or

(iii) transportation safety; and

(C) represent a cross section of transportation stakeholders, to the greatest extent possible.

(d) Terms of Appointment.—

(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), members of the advisory council shall be appointed to staggered terms not to exceed 3 years.

(2) Additional terms.—A member may be renominated for 1 additional 3-year term.

(3) Current members.—A member serving on an advisory council on transportation statistics on the day before the date of enactment of the Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Act of 2012 shall serve until the end of the appointed term of the member.

(e) Applicability of Chapter 10 of Title 5.—Chapter 10 of title 5 shall apply to the advisory council established under this section, except that section 1013 of title 5 shall not apply.

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52011(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 891; amended Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(304), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4339.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of the Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Act of 2012, referred to in subsec. (d)(3), is the date of enactment of div. E of Pub. L. 112–141, which was approved July 6, 2012.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "Chapter 10 of Title 5" for "Federal Advisory Committee Act" in heading and "Chapter 10 of title 5 shall apply to the advisory council established under this section, except that section 1013 of title 5" for "The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall apply to the advisory council established under this section, except that section 14 of that Act" in text.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Termination of Advisory Council on Transportation Statistics

Advisory Council on Transportation Statistics terminated Oct. 5, 2018, see section 418(g) of Pub. L. 115–254, set out as a note preceding section 42301 of this title.

Advisory Council on Transportation Statistics

Pub. L. 102–240, title VI, §6007, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2174, required the Director to establish an Advisory Council on Transportation Statistics composed of not more than 6 members to provide advice on the quality of transportation statistics and analysis.

§6306. Transportation statistical collection, analysis, and dissemination

To ensure that all transportation statistical collection, analysis, and dissemination is carried out in a coordinated manner, the Director may—

(1) use the services, equipment, records, personnel, information, and facilities of other Federal agencies, or State, local, and private agencies and instrumentalities, subject to the conditions that the applicable agency or instrumentality consents to that use and with or without reimbursement for such use;

(2) enter into agreements with the agencies and instrumentalities described in paragraph (1) for purposes of data collection and analysis;

(3) confer and cooperate with foreign governments, international organizations, and State, municipal, and other local agencies;

(4) request such information, data, and reports from any Federal agency as the Director determines necessary to carry out this chapter;

(5) encourage replication, coordination, and sharing of information among transportation agencies regarding information systems, information policy, and data; and

(6) confer and cooperate with Federal statistical agencies as the Director determines necessary to carry out this chapter, including by entering into cooperative data sharing agreements in conformity with all laws and regulations applicable to the disclosure and use of data.

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52011(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 892.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

§6307. Furnishing of information, data, or reports by Federal agencies

(a) In General.—Except as provided in subsection (b), a Federal agency requested to furnish information, data, or reports by the Director under section 6302(b)(3)(B) shall provide the information to the Director.

(b) Prohibition on Certain Disclosures.—

(1) In general.—An officer, employee, or contractor of the Bureau may not—

(A) make any disclosure in which the data provided by an individual or organization under section 6302(b)(3)(B) or section 6314(b) can be identified;

(B) use the information provided under section 6302(b)(3)(B) or section 6314(b) for a nonstatistical purpose; or

(C) permit anyone other than an individual authorized by the Director to examine any individual report provided under section 6302(b)(3)(B) or section 6314(b).

(2) Copies of reports.—

(A) In general.—No department, bureau, agency, officer, or employee of the United States (except the Director in carrying out this chapter) may require, for any reason, a copy of any report that has been filed under section 6302(b)(3)(B) or section 6314(b) with the Bureau or retained by an individual respondent.

(B) Limitation on judicial proceedings.—A copy of a report described in subparagraph (A) that has been retained by an individual respondent or filed with the Bureau or any of the employees, contractors, or agents of the Bureau—

(i) shall be immune from legal process; and

(ii) shall not, without the consent of the individual concerned, be admitted as evidence or used for any purpose in any action, suit, or other judicial or administrative proceedings.

(C) Applicability.—This paragraph shall apply only to reports that permit information concerning an individual or organization to be reasonably determined by direct or indirect means.

(3) Informing respondent of use of data.—If the Bureau is authorized by statute to collect data or information for a nonstatistical purpose, the Director shall clearly distinguish the collection of the data or information, by rule and on the collection instrument, in a manner that informs the respondent who is requested or required to supply the data or information of the nonstatistical purpose.

(c) Transportation and Transportation-related Data Access.—The Director shall be provided access to any transportation and transportation-related information in the possession of any Federal agency, except—

(1) information that is expressly prohibited by law from being disclosed to another Federal agency; or

(2) information that the agency possessing the information determines could not be disclosed without significantly impairing the discharge of authorities and responsibilities which have been delegated to, or vested by law, in such agency.

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52011(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 892; amended Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VI, §6018(b), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1577.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–94 inserted "or section 6314(b)" after "section 6302(b)(3)(B)" wherever appearing.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

§6308. Proceeds of data product sales

Notwithstanding section 3302 of title 31, amounts received by the Bureau from the sale of data products for necessary expenses incurred may be credited to the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) for the purpose of reimbursing the Bureau for those expenses.

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52011(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 893.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

§6309. National transportation atlas database

(a) In General.—The Director shall develop and maintain a national transportation atlas database that is comprised of geospatial databases that depict—

(1) transportation networks;

(2) flows of people, goods, vehicles, and craft over the transportation networks; and

(3) social, economic, and environmental conditions that affect or are affected by the transportation networks.

(b) Intermodal Network Analysis.—The databases referred to in subsection (a) shall be capable of supporting intermodal network analysis.

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52011(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 894.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

§6310. Limitations on statutory construction

Nothing in this chapter—

(1) authorizes the Bureau to require any other Federal agency to collect data; or

(2) alters or diminishes the authority of any other officer of the Department to collect and disseminate data independently.

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52011(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 894.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

§6311. Research and development grants

The Secretary may make grants to, or enter into cooperative agreements or contracts with, public and nonprofit private entities (including State transportation departments, metropolitan planning organizations, and institutions of higher education) for—

(1) investigation of the subjects described in section 6302(b)(3)(B)(vi);

(2) research and development of new methods of data collection, standardization, management, integration, dissemination, interpretation, and analysis;

(3) demonstration programs by States, local governments, and metropolitan planning organizations to coordinate data collection, reporting, management, storage, and archiving to simplify data comparisons across jurisdictions;

(4) development of electronic clearinghouses of transportation data and related information, as part of the Library; and

(5) development and improvement of methods for sharing geographic data, in support of the database under section 6310 ¹ and the National Spatial Data Infrastructure developed under Executive Order 12906 (59 Fed. Reg. 17671) (or a successor Executive Order).

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52011(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 894.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Executive Order 12906, referred to in par. (5), is Ex. Ord. No. 12906, Apr. 11, 1994, 59 F.R. 17671, which is set out as a note under section 1457 of Title 43, Public Lands.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

¹ So in original. Probably should be "section 6309".

§6312. Transportation statistics annual report

The Director shall submit to the President and Congress a transportation statistics annual report, which shall include—

(1) information on the progress of the Director in carrying out the duties described in section 6302(b)(3)(B);

(2) documentation of the methods used to obtain and ensure the quality of the statistics presented in the report; and

(3) any recommendations of the Director for improving transportation statistical information.

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52011(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 894.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

§6313. Mandatory response authority for freight data collection

(a) Freight Data Collection.—

(1) In general.—An owner, official, agent, person in charge, or assistant to the person in charge of a freight corporation, company, business, institution, establishment, or organization described in paragraph (2) shall be fined in accordance with subsection (b) if that individual neglects or refuses, when requested by the Director or other authorized officer, employee, or contractor of the Bureau to submit data under section 6302(b)(3)(B)—

(A) to answer completely and correctly to the best knowledge of that individual all questions relating to the corporation, company, business, institution, establishment, or other organization; or

(B) to make available records or statistics in the official custody of the individual.

(2) Description of entities.—A freight corporation, company, business, institution, establishment, or organization referred to in paragraph (1) is a corporation, company, business, institution, establishment, or organization that—

(A) receives Federal funds relating to the freight program; and

(B) has consented to be subject to a fine under this subsection on—

(i) refusal to supply any data requested; or

(ii) failure to respond to a written request.

(b) Fines.—

(1) In general.—Subject to paragraph (2), an individual described in subsection (a) shall be fined not more than $500.

(2) Willful actions.—If an individual willfully gives a false answer to a question described in subsection (a)(1), the individual shall be fined not more than $10,000.

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52011(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 895.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

§6314. Port performance freight statistics program

(a) In General.—The Director shall establish, on behalf of the Secretary, a port performance statistics program to provide nationally consistent measures of performance of, at a minimum—

(1) the Nation's top 25 ports by tonnage;

(2) the Nation's top 25 ports by 20-foot equivalent unit; and

(3) the Nation's top 25 ports by dry bulk.

(b) Reports.—

(1) Port capacity and throughput.—Not later than January 15 of each year, the Director shall submit an annual report to Congress that includes statistics on capacity and throughput at the ports described in subsection (a).

(2) Port performance measures.—The Director shall collect port performance measures for each of the United States ports referred to in subsection (a) that—

(A) receives Federal assistance; or

(B) is subject to Federal regulation to submit necessary information to the Bureau that includes statistics on capacity and throughput as applicable to the specific configuration of the port.

(c) Recommendations.—

(1) In general.—The Director shall obtain recommendations for—

(A) port performance measures, including specifications and data measurements to be used in the program established under subsection (a); and

(B) a process for the Department to collect timely and consistent data, including identifying safeguards to protect proprietary information described in subsection (b)(2).

(2) Working group.—Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of the Transportation for Tomorrow Act of 2015, the Director shall commission a working group composed of—

(A) operating administrations of the Department;

(B) the Coast Guard;

(C) the Federal Maritime Commission;

(D) U.S. Customs and Border Protection;

(E) the Marine Transportation System National Advisory Council;

(F) the Army Corps of Engineers;

(G) the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation;

(H) the Bureau of Labor Statistics;

(I) the Maritime Advisory Committee for Occupational Safety and Health;

(J) the Advisory Committee on Supply Chain Competitiveness;

(K) 1 representative from the rail industry;

(L) 1 representative from the trucking industry;

(M) 1 representative from the maritime shipping industry;

(N) 1 representative from a labor organization for each industry described in subparagraphs (K) through (M);

(O) 1 representative from the International Longshoremen's Association;

(P) 1 representative from the International Longshore and Warehouse Union;

(Q) 1 representative from a port authority;

(R) 1 representative from a terminal operator;

(S) representatives of the National Freight Advisory Committee of the Department; and

(T) representatives of the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.

(3) Recommendations.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the Transportation for Tomorrow Act of 2015, the working group commissioned under paragraph (2) shall submit its recommendations to the Director.

(d) Access to Data.—The Director shall ensure that—

(1) the statistics compiled under this section—

(A) are readily accessible to the public; and

(B) are consistent with applicable security constraints and confidentiality interests; and

(2) the data acquired, regardless of source, shall be protected in accordance with section 3572 of title 44.

(Added Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VI, §6018(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1576; amended Pub. L. 115–435, title III, §302(c)(3)(B), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5553; Pub. L. 116–260, div. AA, title V, §512(c)(7)(A)(ii), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2757.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of the enactment of the Transportation for Tomorrow Act of 2015, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), (3), is the date of enactment of title VI of div. A of Pub. L. 114–94, which was approved Dec. 4, 2015.

Amendments

2020—Subsec. (c)(2)(G). Pub. L. 116–260 substituted "Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation" for "Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation".

2019—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 115–435 substituted "section 3572 of title 44." for "the Confidential Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act of 2002 (44 U.S.C. 3501 note; Public Law 107–347)."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2019 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–435 effective 180 days after Jan. 14, 2019, see section 403 of Pub. L. 115–435, set out as a note under section 306 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Transitional and Savings Provisions

For transitional and savings provisions related to the amendment of this section and other provisions of law by title III of Pub. L. 115–435, see section 302(d) of Pub. L. 115–435, set out as a note under section 3561 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

CHAPTER 65—RESEARCH PLANNING

        

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title V, §25016(b), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 873, added item 6504.

§6501. Annual modal research plans

(a) Modal Plans Required.—

(1) In general.—Not later than June 1 of each year, the head of each modal administration and joint program office of the Department of Transportation shall prepare and submit to the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology of the Department of Transportation (referred to in this chapter as the "Assistant Secretary")—

(A) a comprehensive annual modal research plan for the following fiscal year; and

(B) a detailed outlook for the fiscal year thereafter.

(2) Requirements.—Each plan under paragraph (1) shall include—

(A) a general description of the strategic goals of the Department that are addressed by the research programs being carried out by the Assistant Secretary or modal administration, as applicable;

(B) a description of each proposed research program, as described in the budget request submitted by the Secretary of Transportation to the President under section 1108 of title 31 for the following fiscal year, including—

(i) the major objectives of the program; and

(ii) the requested amount of funding for each program and area;

(C) a list of activities the Assistant Secretary or modal administration plans to carry out under the research programs described in subparagraph (B);

(D) an assessment of the potential impact of the research programs described in subparagraph (B), including—

(i) potential outputs, outcomes, and impacts on technologies and practices used by entities subject to the jurisdiction of the modal administration;

(ii) potential effects on applicable regulations of the modal administration, including the modification or modernization of those regulations;

(iii) potential economic or societal impacts; and

(iv) progress made toward achieving strategic goals of—

(I) the applicable modal administration; or

(II) the Department of Transportation;

(E) a description of potential partnerships to be established to conduct the research program, including partnerships with—

(i) institutions of higher education; and

(ii) private sector entities; and

(F) such other requirements as the Assistant Secretary considers to be necessary.

(3) Relationship to strategic plan.—Each plan prepared or submitted under paragraph (1), after the plan required in 2016, shall be consistent with the strategic plan developed under section 6503.

(b) Review.—

(1) In general.—Not later than September 1 of each year, the Assistant Secretary, for each plan and outlook submitted by the head of a modal administration or joint program office pursuant to subsection (a), shall—

(A) review the scope of the research; and

(B)(i) approve the plan and outlook; or

(ii) request that the plan and outlook be—

(I) revised in accordance with such suggestions as the Assistant Secretary shall include to ensure conformity with the criteria described in paragraph (2); and

(II) resubmitted to the Assistant Secretary for approval.

(2) Criteria.—In conducting a review under paragraph (1)(A), the Assistant Secretary shall, with respect to the modal research plan that is the subject of the review—

(A) take into consideration whether—

(i) the plan contains research objectives that are consistent with the strategic research and policy objectives of the Department of Transportation included in the strategic plan required under section 6503; and

(ii) the research programs described in the plan have the potential to benefit the safety, mobility, and efficiency of the United States transportation system;

(B) identify and evaluate any potential opportunities for collaboration between or among modal administrations with respect to particular research programs described in the plan;

(C) identify and evaluate whether other modal administrations may be better suited to carry out the research programs described in the plan;

(D) assess whether any projects described in the plan are—

(i) duplicative across modal administrations; or

(ii) unnecessary; and

(E) take into consideration such other criteria as the Assistant Secretary determines to be necessary.

(3) Publications.—Not later than January 30 of each year, the Secretary shall publish on a public website each plan and outlook that has been approved under paragraph (1)(B)(i).

(4) Rejection of duplicative research efforts.—The Assistant Secretary may not approve any plan submitted by the head of a modal administration or joint program office pursuant to subsection (a) if any of the projects described in the plan duplicate significant aspects of research efforts of any other modal administration.

(5) Savings clause.—Nothing in this subsection limits the ability of the head of a modal administration to comply with applicable law.

(c) Funding Limitations.—No funds may be expended by the Department of Transportation on research that has been determined by the Assistant Secretary under subsection (b)(4) to be duplicative unless—

(1) the research is required by an Act of Congress;

(2) the research was part of a contract that was funded before the date of enactment of this chapter;

(3) the research updates previously commissioned research; or

(4) the Assistant Secretary certifies to Congress that such research is necessary, and provides justification for such certification.

(d) Certification.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary shall annually certify to Congress that—

(A) each modal research plan has been reviewed; and

(B) there is no duplication of study for research directed, commissioned, or conducted by the Department of Transportation.

(2) Corrective action plan.—If the Secretary, after submitting a certification under paragraph (1), identifies duplication of research within the Department of Transportation, the Secretary shall—

(A) notify Congress of the duplicative research; and

(B) submit to Congress a corrective action plan to eliminate the duplicative research.

(Added Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VI, §6019(b)(1), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1578; amended Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title V, §25015(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 870.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 114–94, which was approved Dec. 4, 2015.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 117–58, §25015(a)(1)(A), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Not later than May 1 of each year, the head of each modal administration and joint program office of the Department of Transportation shall submit to the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology of the Department of Transportation (referred to in this chapter as the 'Assistant Secretary') a comprehensive annual modal research plan for the upcoming fiscal year and a detailed outlook for the following fiscal year."

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 117–58, §25015(a)(1)(D), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (3).

Pub. L. 117–58, §25015(a)(1)(B), inserted "prepared or" before "submitted".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 117–58, §25015(a)(1)(C), redesignated par. (2) as (3).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 117–58, §25015(a)(2)(A)(i), inserted "by the head of a modal administration or joint program office" after "submitted" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 117–58, §25015(a)(2)(A)(ii), added cl. (ii) and struck out former cl. (ii) which read as follows: "request that the plan and outlook be revised and resubmitted for approval."

Subsec. (b)(2) to (4). Pub. L. 117–58, §25015(a)(2)(B), (C), added par. (2) and redesignated former pars. (2) and (3) as (3) and (4), respectively.

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 117–58, §25015(a)(2)(D), added par. (5).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–58, §25015(a)(3), which directed amendment without providing closing quotation marks designating the provisions to be inserted, was executed by substituting "subsection (b)(4)" for "subsection (b)(3)" in introductory provisions, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Findings

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VI, §6019(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1577, provided that: "Congress finds that—

"(1) Federal transportation research planning—

"(A) should be coordinated by the Office of the Secretary [of Transportation]; and

"(B) should be, to the extent practicable, multimodal and not occur solely within the sub-agencies of the Department [of Transportation];

"(2) managing a multimodal research portfolio within the Office of the Secretary will—

"(A) help identify opportunities in which research could be applied across modes; and

"(B) prevent duplication of efforts and waste of limited Federal resources;

"(3) the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology at the Department of Transportation will—

"(A) give stakeholders a formal opportunity to address concerns;

"(B) ensure unbiased research; and

"(C) improve the overall research products of the Department; and

"(4) increasing transparency of transportation research and development efforts will—

"(A) build stakeholder confidence in the final product; and

"(B) lead to the improved implementation of research findings."

§6502. Consolidated research database

(a) Research Abstract Database.—

(1) Submission.—Not later than September 1 of each year, the head of each modal administration and joint program office of the Department of Transportation shall submit to the Assistant Secretary, for review and public posting, a description of each proposed research project to be carried out during the following fiscal year, including—

(A) proposed funding for any new projects; and

(B) proposed additional funding for any existing projects.

(2) Publication.—Not less frequently than annually, after receiving the descriptions under paragraph (1), the Assistant Secretary shall publish on a public website a comprehensive database including a description of all research projects conducted by the Department of Transportation, including research funded through university transportation centers under section 5505.

(3) Contents.—The database published under paragraph (2) shall—

(A) be delimited by research project; and

(B) include a description of, with respect to each research project—

(i) research objectives;

(ii) the progress made with respect to the project, including whether the project is ongoing or complete;

(iii) any outcomes of the project, including potential implications for policy, regulations, or guidance issued by a modal administration or the Department of Transportation;

(iv) any findings of the project;

(v) the amount of funds allocated for the project; and

(vi) such other information as the Assistant Secretary determines to be necessary to address Departmental priorities and statutory mandates;

(C) identify research projects with multimodal applications;

(D) specify how relevant modal administrations have assisted, will contribute to, or plan to use the findings from the research projects identified under paragraph (1);

(E) identify areas in which more than 1 modal administration is conducting research on a similar subject or a subject that has a bearing on more than 1 mode;

(F) indicate how the findings of research are being disseminated to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and safety of transportation systems; and

(G) describe the public and stakeholder input to the research plans submitted under section 6501(a)(1).

(b) Funding Report.—In conjunction with each of the annual budget requests submitted by the President under section 1105 of title 31, the Secretary shall annually publish on a public website and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that describes—

(1) the amount spent in the last full fiscal year on transportation research and development with specific descriptions of projects funded at $5,000,000 or more; and

(2) the amount proposed in the current budget for transportation research and development with specific descriptions of projects funded at $5,000,000 or more.

(c) Performance Plans and Reports.—In the plans and reports submitted under sections 1115 and 1116 of title 31, the Secretary shall include—

(1) a summary of the Federal transportation research and development activities for the previous fiscal year in each topic area;

(2) the amount spent in each topic area;

(3) a description of the extent to which the research and development is meeting the expectations described in section 6503(c)(1); and

(4) any amendments to the strategic plan developed under section 6503.

(Added Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VI, §6019(b)(1), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1579; amended Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title V, §25015(b), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 871.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–58 inserted subsec. (a) heading and added pars. (1) and (2) and heading, introductory provisions, and subpars. (A) and (B) of par. (3), and struck out former subsec. (a) heading, former par. (1), which related to publication of research abstract database in general, and former par. (2) heading and subpars. (A) and (B), which related to contents of database. Subpars. (C) to (G) of former par. (2) effectively redesignated subpars. (C) to (G) of par. (3).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

§6503. Transportation research and development 5-year strategic plan

(a) In General.—Not later than 180 days after the date of publication of the Department of Transportation Strategic Plan and not less frequently than once every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary shall develop a 5-year transportation research and development strategic plan to guide future Federal transportation research and development activities.

(b) Consistency.—Each strategic plan developed under subsection (a) shall be consistent with—

(1) section 306 of title 5;

(2) sections 1115 and 1116 of title 31; and

(3) any other research and development plan within the Department of Transportation.

(c) Contents.—Each strategic plandeveloped under subsection (a) shall—

(1) describe how the plan furthers the primary purposes of the transportation research and development program, which shall include—

(A) improving mobility of people and goods;

(B) reducing congestion;

(C) promoting safety;

(D) improving the durability and extending the life of transportation infrastructure;

(E) preserving the environment;

(F) preserving the existing transportation system; and

(G) reducing transportation cybersecurity risks;

(2) for each of the purposes referred to in paragraph (1), list the primary proposed research and development activities that the Department of Transportation intends to pursue to accomplish that purpose, which may include—

(A) fundamental research pertaining to the applied physical and natural sciences;

(B) applied science and research;

(C) technology development research; and

(D) social science research; and

(3) for each research and development activity—

(A) identify the anticipated annual funding levels for the period covered by the strategic plan; and

(B) describe the research findings the Department expects to discover at the end of the period covered by the strategic plan.

(d) Considerations.—The Secretary shall ensure that each strategic plan developed under this section—

(1) reflects input from a wide range of external stakeholders;

(2) includes and integrates the research and development programs of all of the modal administrations of the Department of Transportation, including aviation, transit, rail, and maritime and joint programs;

(3) takes into account research and development by other Federal, State, local, private sector, and nonprofit institutions;

(4) not later than December 31, 2021, and not less frequently than once every 5 years thereafter, is published on a public website; and

(5) takes into account how research and development by other Federal, State, private sector, and nonprofit institutions—

(A) contributes to the achievement of the purposes identified under subsection (c)(1); and

(B) avoids unnecessary duplication of those efforts.

(Added Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VI, §6019(b)(1), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1580; amended Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title V, §25014, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 869.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–58, §25014(1), substituted "Not later than 180 days after the date of publication of the Department of Transportation Strategic Plan and not less frequently than once every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary" for "The Secretary".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 117–58, §25014(2), substituted "Each strategic" for "The strategic" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–58, §25014(3)(A), substituted "Each strategic" for "The strategic" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(1)(G). Pub. L. 117–58, §25014(3)(B), added subpar. (G).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 117–58, §25014(4)(A), substituted "each strategic" for "the strategic" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 117–58, §25014(4)(B), substituted "2021, and not less frequently than once every 5 years thereafter" for "2016".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 117–58, §25014(5), struck out subsec. (e). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Not later than 2 ½ years after the date of enactment of this chapter, the Secretary may publish on a public website an interim report that—

"(1) provides an assessment of the 5-year research and development strategic plan of the Department of Transportation described in this section; and

"(2) includes a description of the extent to which the research and development is or is not successfully meeting the purposes described under subsection (c)(1)."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

§6504. Incorporation of Department of Transportation research

(a) Review.—Not later than December 31, 2021, and not less frequently than once every 5 years thereafter, in concurrence with the applicable strategic plan under section 6503, the Secretary of Transportation shall—

(1) conduct a review of research conducted by the Department of Transportation; and

(2) to the maximum extent practicable and appropriate, identify modifications to laws, regulations, guidance, and other policy documents to incorporate any innovations resulting from the research described in paragraph (1) that have the potential to improve the safety or efficiency of the United States transportation system.

(b) Requirements.—In conducting a review under subsection (a), the Secretary of Transportation shall—

(1) identify any innovative practices, materials, or technologies that have demonstrable benefits to the transportation system;

(2) determine whether the practices, materials, or technologies described in paragraph (1) require any statutory or regulatory modifications for adoption; and

(3)(A) if modifications are determined to be required under paragraph (2), develop—

(i) a proposal for those modifications; and

(ii) a description of the manner in which any such regulatory modifications would be—

(I) incorporated into the Unified Regulatory Agenda; or

(II) adopted into existing regulations as soon as practicable; or

(B) if modifications are determined not to be required under paragraph (2), develop a description of the means by which the practices, materials, or technologies described in paragraph (1) will otherwise be incorporated into Department of Transportation or modal administration policy or guidance, including as part of the Technology Transfer Program of the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology.

(c) Report.—On completion of each review under subsection (a), the Secretary of Transportation shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report describing, with respect to the period covered by the report—

(1) each new practice, material, or technology identified under subsection (b)(1); and

(2) any statutory or regulatory modification for the adoption of such a practice, material, or technology that—

(A) is determined to be required under subsection (b)(2); or

(B) was otherwise made during that period.

(Added Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title V, §25016(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 872.)

CHAPTER 67—MULTIMODAL INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS

        

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title I, §21203(b), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 677, added item 6703.

§6701. National infrastructure project assistance

(a) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) Department.—The term "Department" means the Department of Transportation.

(2) Eligible entity.—The term "eligible entity" means—

(A) a State or a group of States;

(B) a metropolitan planning organization;

(C) a unit of local government;

(D) a political subdivision of a State;

(E) a special purpose district or public authority with a transportation function, including a port authority;

(F) a Tribal government or a consortium of Tribal governments;

(G) a partnership between Amtrak and 1 or more entities described in subparagraphs (A) through (F); and

(H) a group of entities described in any of subparagraphs (A) through (G).

(3) Program.—The term "program" means the program established by subsection (b).

(4) Secretary.—The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Transportation.

(5) State.—The term "State" means—

(A) any of the several States;

(B) the District of Columbia;

(C) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico;

(D) the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands;

(E) the United States Virgin Islands;

(F) Guam;

(G) American Samoa; and

(H) any other territory or possession of the United States.

(b) Establishment.—There is established a program under which the Secretary shall provide to eligible entities grants, on a competitive basis pursuant to single-year or multiyear grant agreements, for projects described in subsection (d).

(c) Applications.—

(1) In general.—To be eligible for a grant under the program, an eligible entity shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

(2) Plan for data collection.—An application under paragraph (1) shall include a plan for data collection and analysis described in subsection (g).

(d) Eligible Projects.—The Secretary may provide a grant under the program only for a project—

(1) that is—

(A) a highway or bridge project carried out on—

(i) the National Multimodal Freight Network established under section 70103;

(ii) the National Highway Freight Network established under section 167 of title 23; or

(iii) the National Highway System (as defined in section 101(a) of title 23);

(B) a freight intermodal (including public ports) or freight rail project that provides a public benefit;

(C) a railway-highway grade separation or elimination project;

(D) an intercity passenger rail project;

(E) a public transportation project that is—

(i) eligible for assistance under chapter 53; and

(ii) part of a project described in any of subparagraphs (A) through (D); or

(F) a grouping, combination, or program of interrelated, connected, or dependent projects of any of the projects described in subparagraphs (A) through (E); and

(2) the eligible project costs of which are—

(A) reasonably anticipated to equal or exceed $500,000,000; or

(B) for any project funded by the set-aside under subsection (m)(2)—

(i) more than $100,000,000; but

(ii) less than $500,000,000.

(e) Geographical Distribution.—In providing grants under this section, the Secretary shall ensure among grant recipients—

(1) geographical diversity; and

(2) a balance between rural and urban communities.

(f) Project Evaluation and Selection.—

(1) Requirements.—The Secretary may select a project described in subsection (d) to receive a grant under the program only if the Secretary determines that—

(A) the project is likely to generate national or regional economic, mobility, or safety benefits;

(B) the project is in need of significant Federal funding;

(C) the project will be cost-effective;

(D) with respect to related non-Federal financial commitments, 1 or more stable and dependable sources of funding and financing are available—

(i) to construct, operate, and maintain the project; and

(ii) to cover cost increases; and

(E) the applicant has, or will have, sufficient legal, financial, and technical capacity to carry out the project.

(2) Evaluation criteria.—In awarding a grant under the program, the Secretary shall evaluate—

(A) the extent to which a project supports achieving a state of good repair for each existing asset to be improved by the project;

(B) the level of benefits a project is expected to generate, including—

(i) the costs avoided by the prevention of closure or reduced use of the asset to be improved by the project;

(ii) reductions in maintenance costs over the life of the applicable asset;

(iii) safety benefits, including the reduction of serious injuries and fatalities and related costs;

(iv) improved person or freight throughput, including improved mobility and reliability; and

(v) environmental benefits and health impacts, such as—

(I) reductions in greenhouse gas emissions;

(II) air quality benefits;

(III) preventing stormwater runoff that would be a detriment to aquatic species; and

(IV) improved infrastructure resilience;

(C) the benefits of the project, as compared to the costs of the project;

(D) the number of persons or volume of freight, as applicable, supported by the project; and

(E) national and regional economic benefits of the project, including with respect to short- and long-term job access, growth, or creation.

(3) Additional considerations.—In selecting projects to receive grants under the program, the Secretary shall take into consideration—

(A) contributions to geographical diversity among grant recipients, including a balance between the needs of rural and urban communities;

(B) whether multiple States would benefit from a project;

(C) whether, and the degree to which, a project uses—

(i) construction materials or approaches that have—

(I) demonstrated reductions in greenhouse gas emissions; or

(II) reduced the need for maintenance of other projects; or

(ii) technologies that will allow for future connectivity and automation;

(D) whether a project would benefit—

(i) a historically disadvantaged community or population; or

(ii) an area of persistent poverty;

(E) whether a project benefits users of multiple modes of transportation, including—

(i) pedestrians;

(ii) bicyclists; and

(iii) users of nonvehicular rail and public transportation, including intercity and commuter rail; and

(F) whether a project improves connectivity between modes of transportation moving persons or goods nationally or regionally.

(4) Ratings.—

(A) In general.—In evaluating applications for a grant under the program, the Secretary shall assign the project proposed in the application a rating described in subparagraph (B), based on the information contained in the applicable notice published under paragraph (5).

(B) Ratings.—

(i) Highly recommended.—The Secretary shall assign a rating of "highly recommended" to projects that, in the determination of the Secretary—

(I) are exemplary projects of national or regional significance; and

(II) would provide significant public benefit, as determined based on the applicable criteria described in this subsection, if funded under the program.

(ii) Recommended.—The Secretary shall assign a rating of "recommended" to projects that, in the determination of the Secretary—

(I) are of national or regional significance; and

(II) would provide public benefit, as determined based on the applicable criteria described in this subsection, if funded under the program.

(iii) Not recommended.—The Secretary shall assign a rating of "not recommended" to projects that, in the determination of the Secretary, should not receive a grant under the program, based on the applicable criteria described in this subsection.

(C) Technical assistance.—

(i) In general.—On request of an eligible entity that submitted an application under subsection (c) for a project that is not selected to receive a grant under the program, the Secretary shall provide to the eligible entity technical assistance and briefings relating to the project.

(ii) Treatment.—Technical assistance provided under this subparagraph shall not be considered a guarantee of future selection of the applicable project under the program.

(5) Publication of project evaluation and selection criteria.—Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this chapter, the Secretary shall publish and make publicly available on the website of the Department a notice that contains a detailed explanation of—

(A) the method by which the Secretary will determine whether a project satisfies the applicable requirements described in paragraph (1);

(B) any additional ratings the Secretary may assign to determine the means by which a project addresses the selection criteria and additional considerations described in paragraphs (2) and (3); and

(C) the means by which the project requirements and ratings referred to in subparagraphs (A) and (B) will be used to assign an overall rating for the project under paragraph (4).

(6) Project selection priority.—In awarding grants under the program, the Secretary shall give priority to projects to which the Secretary has assigned a rating of "highly recommended" under paragraph (4)(B)(i).

(g) Data Collection and Analysis.—

(1) Plan.—

(A) In general.—An eligible entity seeking a grant under the program shall submit to the Secretary, together with the grant application, a plan for the collection and analysis of data to identify in accordance with the framework established under paragraph (2)—

(i) the impacts of the project; and

(ii) the accuracy of any forecast prepared during the development phase of the project and included in the grant application.

(B) Contents.—A plan under subparagraph (A) shall include—

(i) an approach to measuring—

(I) the criteria described in subsection (f)(2); and

(II) if applicable, the additional requirements described in subsection (f)(3);

(ii) an approach for analyzing the consistency of predicted project characteristics with actual outcomes; and

(iii) any other elements that the Secretary determines to be necessary.

(2) Framework.—The Secretary may publish a standardized framework for the contents of the plans under paragraph (1), which may include, as appropriate—

(A) standardized forecasting and measurement approaches;

(B) data storage system requirements; and

(C) any other requirements the Secretary determines to be necessary to carry out this section.

(3) Multiyear grant agreements.—The Secretary shall require an eligible entity, as a condition of receiving funding pursuant to a multiyear grant agreement under the program, to collect additional data to measure the impacts of the project and to accurately track improvements made by the project, in accordance with a plan described in paragraph (1).

(4) Reports.—

(A) Project baseline.—Before the date of completion of a project for which a grant is provided under the program, the eligible entity carrying out the project shall submit to the Secretary a report providing baseline data for the purpose of analyzing the long-term impact of the project in accordance with the framework established under paragraph (2).

(B) Updated report.—Not later than 6 years after the date of completion of a project for which a grant is provided under the program, the eligible entity carrying out the project shall submit to the Secretary a report that compares the baseline data included in the report under subparagraph (A) to project data collected during the period—

(i) beginning on the date that is 5 years after the date of completion of the project; and

(ii) ending on the date on which the updated report is submitted.

(h) Eligible Project Costs.—

(1) In general.—An eligible entity may use a grant provided under the program for—

(A) development-phase activities and costs, including planning, feasibility analysis, revenue forecasting, alternatives analysis, data collection and analysis, environmental review and activities to support environmental review, preliminary engineering and design work, and other preconstruction activities, including the preparation of a data collection and post-construction analysis plan under subsection (g); and

(B) construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation, acquisition of real property (including land relating to the project and improvements to that land), environmental mitigation (including projects to replace or rehabilitate culverts or reduce stormwater runoff for the purpose of improving habitat for aquatic species), construction contingencies, acquisition of equipment, protection, and operational improvements directly relating to the project.

(2) Interest and other financing costs.—The interest and other financing costs of carrying out any part of a project under a multiyear grant agreement within a reasonable period of time shall be considered to be an eligible project cost only if the applicable eligible entity certifies to the Secretary that the eligible entity has demonstrated reasonable diligence in seeking the most favorable financing terms.

(i) Cost Sharing.—

(1) In general.—The total amount awarded for a project under the program may not exceed 60 percent of the total eligible project costs described in subsection (h).

(2) Maximum federal involvement.—

(A) In general.—Subject to subparagraph (B), Federal assistance other than a grant awarded under the program may be provided for a project for which a grant is awarded under the program.

(B) Limitation.—The total amount of Federal assistance provided for a project for which a grant is awarded under the program shall not exceed 80 percent of the total cost of the project.

(C) Non-federal share.—Secured loans or financing provided under section 603 of title 23 or section 22402 of this title and repaid with local funds or revenues shall be considered to be part of the local share of the cost of a project.

(3) Application to multiyear agreements.—Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, in any case in which amounts are provided under the program pursuant to a multiyear agreement, the disbursed Federal share of the cost of the project may exceed the limitations described in paragraphs (1) and (2)(B) for 1 or more years if the total amount of the Federal share of the cost of the project, once completed, does not exceed those limitations.

(j) Grant Agreements.—

(1) In general.—A project for which an eligible entity receives a multiyear grant under the program shall be carried out in accordance with this subsection.

(2) Terms.—A multiyear grant agreement under this subsection shall—

(A) establish the terms of Federal participation in the applicable project;

(B) establish the maximum amount of Federal financial assistance for the project;

(C) establish a schedule of anticipated Federal obligations for the project that provides for obligation of the full grant amount;

(D) describe the period of time for completing the project, regardless of whether that period extends beyond the period of an authorization; and

(E) facilitate timely and efficient management of the applicable project by the eligible entity carrying out the project, in accordance with applicable law.

(3) Special rules.—

(A) In general.—A multiyear grant agreement under this subsection—

(i) shall provide for the obligation of an amount of available budget authority specified in law;

(ii) may include a commitment, contingent on amounts to be specified in law in advance for commitments under this paragraph, to obligate an additional amount from future available budget authority specified in law; and

(iii) shall provide that any funds disbursed under the program for the project before the completion of any review required under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) may only cover costs associated with development-phase activities described in subsection (h)(1)(A).

(B) Contingent commitment.—A contingent commitment under this paragraph is not an obligation of the Federal Government, including for purposes of section 1501 of title 31.

(4) Single-year grants.—The Secretary may only provide to an eligible entity a full grant under the program in a single year if all reviews required under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) with respect to the applicable project have been completed before the receipt of any program funds.

(k) Congressional Notification.—

(1) In general.—Not later than 30 days before the date on which the Secretary publishes the selection of projects to receive grants under the program, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a written notice that includes—

(A) a list of all project applications reviewed by the Secretary as part of the selection process;

(B) the rating assigned to each project under subsection (f)(4);

(C) an evaluation and justification with respect to each project for which the Secretary will—

(i) provide a grant under the program; and

(ii) enter into a multiyear grant agreement under the program;

(D) a description of the means by which the Secretary anticipates allocating among selected projects the amounts made available to the Secretary to carry out the program; and

(E) anticipated funding levels required for the 3 fiscal years beginning after the date of submission of the notice for projects selected for grants under the program, based on information available to the Secretary as of that date.

(2) Congressional disapproval.—The Secretary may not provide a grant or any other obligation or commitment to fund a project under the program if a joint resolution is enacted disapproving funding for the project before the last day of the 30-day period described in paragraph (1).

(l) Reports.—

(1) Transparency.—Not later than 60 days after the date on which the grants are announced under the program, the Secretary shall publish on the website of the Department a report that includes—

(A) a list of all project applications reviewed by the Secretary as part of the selection process under the program;

(B) the rating assigned to each project under subsection (f)(4); and

(C) a description of each project for which a grant has been provided under the program.

(2) Comptroller general.—

(A) Assessment.—The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct an assessment of the administrative establishment, solicitation, selection, and justification process with respect to the funding of grants under the program.

(B) Report.—Not later than 18 months after the date on which the initial grants are awarded for projects under the program, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report that describes, as applicable—

(i) the adequacy and fairness of the process by which the projects were selected; and

(ii) the justification and criteria used for the selection of the projects.

(m) Authorization of Appropriations.—

(1) In general.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the program $2,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.

(2) Other projects.—Of the amounts made available under paragraph (1), 50 percent shall be set aside for projects that have a project cost of—

(A) more than $100,000,000; but

(B) less than $500,000,000.

(3) Administrative expenses.—Of the amounts made available to carry out the program for each fiscal year, the Secretary may reserve not more than 2 percent for the costs of—

(A) administering and overseeing the program; and

(B) hiring personnel for the program, including personnel dedicated to processing permitting and environmental review issues.

(4) Transfer of authority.—The Secretary may transfer any portion of the amounts reserved under paragraph (3) for a fiscal year to the Administrator of any of the Federal Highway Administration, the Federal Transit Administration, the Federal Railroad Administration, or the Maritime Administration to award and oversee grants in accordance with this section.

(n) Additional Requirements.—

(1) In general.—Each project that receives a grant under this chapter shall achieve compliance with the applicable requirements of—

(A) subchapter IV of chapter 31 of title 40;

(B) title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.); and

(C) the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).

(2) Modal requirements.—The Secretary shall, with respect to a project funded by a grant under this section, apply—

(A) the requirements of title 23 to a highway, road, or bridge project;

(B) the requirements of chapter 53 to a transit project; and

(C) the requirements of section 22905 to a rail project.

(3) Multimodal projects.—

(A) In general.—Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, if an eligible project is a multimodal project, the Secretary shall—

(i) determine the predominant modal component of the project; and

(ii) apply the applicable requirements described in paragraph (2) of the predominant modal component to the project.

(B) Exceptions.—

(i) Passenger or freight rail component.—The requirements of section 22905 shall apply to any passenger or freight rail component of a project.

(ii) Public transportation component.—The requirements of section 5333 shall apply to any public transportation component of a project.

(Added Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title I, §21201, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 663.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (f)(5), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 117–58, which was approved Nov. 15, 2021.

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsecs. (j)(3)(A)(iii), (4), and (n)(1)(C), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964, referred to in subsec. (n)(1)(B), is Pub. L. 88–352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241. Title VI of the Act is classified generally to subchapter V (§2000d et seq.) of chapter 21 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000a of Title 42 and Tables.

§6702. Local and regional project assistance

(a) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) Area of persistent poverty.—The term "area of persistent poverty" means—

(A) any county (or equivalent jurisdiction) in which, during the 30-year period ending on the date of enactment of this chapter, 20 percent or more of the population continually lived in poverty, as measured by—

(i) the 1990 decennial census;

(ii) the 2000 decennial census; and

(iii) the most recent annual small area income and poverty estimate of the Bureau of the Census;

(B) any census tract with a poverty rate of not less than 20 percent, as measured by the 5-year data series available from the American Community Survey of the Bureau of the Census for the period of 2014 through 2018; and

(C) any territory or possession of the United States.

(2) Eligible entity.—The term "eligible entity" means—

(A) a State;

(B) the District of Columbia;

(C) any territory or possession of the United States;

(D) a unit of local government;

(E) a public agency or publicly chartered authority established by 1 or more States;

(F) a special purpose district or public authority with a transportation function, including a port authority;

(G) a federally recognized Indian Tribe or a consortium of such Indian Tribes;

(H) a transit agency; and

(I) a multi-State or multijurisdictional group of entities described in any of subparagraphs (A) through (H).

(3) Eligible project.—The term "eligible project" means—

(A) a highway or bridge project eligible for assistance under title 23;

(B) a public transportation project eligible for assistance under chapter 53;

(C) a passenger rail or freight rail transportation project eligible for assistance under this title;

(D) a port infrastructure investment, including—

(i) inland port infrastructure; and

(ii) a land port-of-entry;

(E) the surface transportation components of an airport project eligible for assistance under part B of subtitle VII;

(F) a project for investment in a surface transportation facility located on Tribal land, the title or maintenance responsibility of which is vested in the Federal Government;

(G) a project to replace or rehabilitate a culvert or prevent stormwater runoff for the purpose of improving habitat for aquatic species that will advance the goal of the program described in subsection (b)(2); and

(H) any other surface transportation infrastructure project that the Secretary considers to be necessary to advance the goal of the program.

(4) Program.—The term "program" means the Local and Regional Project Assistance Program established under subsection (b)(1).

(5) Rural area.—The term "rural area" means an area that is located outside of an urbanized area.

(6) Secretary.—The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Transportation.

(7) Urbanized area.—The term "urbanized area" means an area with a population of more than 200,000 residents, based on the most recent decennial census.

(b) Establishment.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary shall establish and carry out a program, to be known as the "Local and Regional Project Assistance Program", to provide for capital investments in surface transportation infrastructure.

(2) Goal.—The goal of the program shall be to fund eligible projects that will have a significant local or regional impact and improve transportation infrastructure.

(c) Grants.—

(1) In general.—In carrying out the program, the Secretary may make grants to eligible entities, on a competitive basis, in accordance with this section.

(2) Amount.—Except as otherwise provided in this section, each grant made under the program shall be in an amount equal to—

(A) not less than $5,000,000 for an urbanized area;

(B) not less than $1,000,000 for a rural area; and

(C) not more than $25,000,000.

(3) Limitation.—Not more than 15 percent of the funds made available to carry out the program for a fiscal year may be awarded to eligible projects in a single State during that fiscal year.

(d) Selection of Eligible Projects.—

(1) Notice of funding opportunity.—Not later than 60 days after the date on which funds are made available to carry out the program, the Secretary shall publish a notice of funding opportunity for the funds.

(2) Applications.—To be eligible to receive a grant under the program, an eligible entity shall submit to the Secretary an application—

(A) in such form and containing such information as the Secretary considers to be appropriate; and

(B) by such date as the Secretary may establish, subject to the condition that the date shall be not later than 90 days after the date on which the Secretary issues the solicitation under paragraph (1).

(3) Primary selection criteria.—In awarding grants under the program, the Secretary shall evaluate the extent to which a project—

(A) improves safety;

(B) improves environmental sustainability;

(C) improves the quality of life of rural areas or urbanized areas;

(D) increases economic competitiveness and opportunity, including increasing tourism opportunities;

(E) contributes to a state of good repair; and

(F) improves mobility and community connectivity.

(4) Additional selection criteria.—In selecting projects to receive grants under the program, the Secretary shall take into consideration the extent to which—

(A) the project sponsors collaborated with other public and private entities;

(B) the project adopts innovative technologies or techniques, including—

(i) innovative technology;

(ii) innovative project delivery techniques; and

(iii) innovative project financing;

(C) the project has demonstrated readiness; and

(D) the project is cost effective.

(5) Transparency.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary, shall evaluate, through a methodology that is discernible and transparent to the public, the means by which each application submitted under paragraph (2) addresses the criteria under paragraphs (3) and (4) or otherwise established by the Secretary.

(B) Publication.—The methodology under subparagraph (A) shall be published by the Secretary as part of the notice of funding opportunity under the program.

(6) Awards.—Not later than 270 days after the date on which amounts are made available to provide grants under the program for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall announce the selection by the Secretary of eligible projects to receive the grants in accordance with this section.

(7) Technical assistance.—

(A) In general.—On request of an eligible entity that submitted an application under paragraph (2) for a project that is not selected to receive a grant under the program, the Secretary shall provide to the eligible entity technical assistance and briefings relating to the project.

(B) Treatment.—Technical assistance provided under this paragraph shall not be considered a guarantee of future selection of the applicable project under the program.

(e) Federal Share.—

(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Federal share of the cost of an eligible project carried out using a grant provided under the program shall not exceed 80 percent.

(2) Exception.—The Federal share of the cost of an eligible project carried out in a rural area, a historically disadvantaged community, or an area of persistent poverty using a grant under this subsection may exceed 80 percent, at the discretion of the Secretary.

(3) Treatment of other federal funds.—Amounts provided under any of the following programs shall be considered to be a part of the non-Federal share for purposes of this subsection:

(A) The tribal transportation program under section 202 of title 23.

(B) The Federal lands transportation program under section 203 of title 23.

(C) The TIFIA program (as defined in section 601(a) of title 23).

(D) The Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing Program under chapter 224.

(f) Other Considerations.—

(1) In general.—Of the total amount made available to carry out the program for each fiscal year—

(A) not more than 50 percent shall be allocated for eligible projects located in rural areas; and

(B) not more than 50 percent shall be allocated for eligible projects located in urbanized areas.

(2) Historically disadvantaged communities and areas of persistent poverty.—Of the total amount made available to carry out the program for each fiscal year, not less than 1 percent shall be awarded for projects in historically disadvantaged communities or areas of persistent poverty.

(3) Multimodal and geographical considerations.—In selecting projects to receive grants under the program, the Secretary shall take into consideration geographical and modal diversity.

(g) Project Planning.—

(1) In general.—Of the amounts made available to carry out the program for each fiscal year, not less than 5 percent shall be made available for the planning, preparation, or design of eligible projects.

(2) Nonapplicability of certain limitations.—Subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (c)(2) shall not apply with respect to amounts made available for planning, preparation, or design under paragraph (1).

(h) Transfer of Authority.—Of the amounts made available to carry out the program for each fiscal year, the Secretary may transfer not more than 2 percent for a fiscal year to the Administrator of any of the Federal Highway Administration, the Federal Transit Administration, the Federal Railroad Administration, or the Maritime Administration to award and oversee grants and credit assistance in accordance with this section.

(i) Credit Program Costs.—

(1) In general.—Subject to paragraph (2), at the request of an eligible entity, the Secretary may use a grant provided to the eligible entity under the program to pay the subsidy or credit risk premium, and the administrative costs, of an eligible project that is eligible for Federal credit assistance under—

(A) chapter 224; or

(B) chapter 6 of title 23.

(2) Limitation.—Not more than 20 percent of the funds made available to carry out the program for a fiscal year may be used to carry out paragraph (1).

(j) Authorization of Appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $1,500,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026, to remain available for a period of 3 fiscal years following the fiscal year for which the amounts are appropriated.

(k) Reports.—

(1) Annual report.—The Secretary shall make available on the website of the Department of Transportation at the end of each fiscal year an annual report that describes each eligible project for which a grant was provided under the program during that fiscal year.

(2) Comptroller general.—Not later than 1 year after the date on which the initial grants are awarded for eligible projects under the program, the Comptroller General of the United States shall—

(A) review the administration of the program, including—

(i) the solicitation process; and

(ii) the selection process, including—

(I) the adequacy and fairness of the process; and

(II) the selection criteria; and

(B) submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report describing the findings of the review under subparagraph (A), including recommendations for improving the administration of the program, if any.

(Added Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title I, §21202(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 671; amended Pub. L. 117–146, §21(a), June 16, 2022, 136 Stat. 1284.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(A), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 117–58, which was approved Nov. 15, 2021.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 117–146 designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, and added par. (2).

§6703. National culvert removal, replacement, and restoration grant program

(a) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) Director.—The term "Director" means the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

(2) Indian tribe.—The term "Indian Tribe" has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).

(3) Program.—The term "program" means the annual competitive grant program established under subsection (b).

(4) Secretary.—The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Transportation.

(5) Undersecretary.—The term "Undersecretary" means the Undersecretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere.

(b) Establishment.—The Secretary, in consultation with the Undersecretary, shall establish an annual competitive grant program to award grants to eligible entities for projects for the replacement, removal, and repair of culverts or weirs that—

(1) would meaningfully improve or restore fish passage for anadromous fish; and

(2) with respect to weirs, may include—

(A) infrastructure to facilitate fish passage around or over the weir; and

(B) weir improvements.

(c) Eligible Entities.—An entity eligible to receive a grant under the program is—

(1) a State;

(2) a unit of local government; or

(3) an Indian Tribe.

(d) Grant Selection Process.—The Secretary, in consultation with the Undersecretary and the Director, shall establish a process for determining criteria for awarding grants under the program, subject to subsection (e).

(e) Prioritization.—The Secretary, in consultation with the Undersecretary and the Director, shall establish procedures to prioritize awarding grants under the program to—

(1) projects that would improve fish passage for—

(A) anadromous fish stocks listed as an endangered species or a threatened species under section 4 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1533);

(B) anadromous fish stocks identified by the Undersecretary or the Director that could reasonably become listed as an endangered species or a threatened species under that section;

(C) anadromous fish stocks identified by the Undersecretary or the Director as prey for endangered species, threatened species, or protected species, including Southern resident orcas (Orcinus orcas); or

(D) anadromous fish stocks identified by the Undersecretary or the Director as climate resilient stocks; and

(2) projects that would open up more than 200 meters of upstream habitat before the end of the natural habitat.

(f) Federal Share.—The Federal share of the cost of a project carried out with a grant to a State or a unit of local government under the program shall be not more than 80 percent.

(g) Technical Assistance.—The Secretary, in consultation with the Undersecretary and the Director, shall develop a process to provide technical assistance to Indian Tribes and underserved communities to assist in the project design and grant process and procedures.

(h) Administrative Expenses.—Of the amounts made available for each fiscal year to carry out the program, the Secretary, the Undersecretary, and the Director may use not more than 2 percent to pay the administrative expenses necessary to carry out this section.

(i) Authorization of Appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out the program $800,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.

(Added Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title I, §21203(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 676.)