CHAPTER 441 —REGISTRATION AND RECORDATION OF AIRCRAFT
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2024—
2004—
§44101. Operation of aircraft
(a)
(b)
(1) when authorized under
(2) when it is an aircraft of the national defense forces of the United States and is identified in a way satisfactory to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration; and
(3) for a reasonable period of time after a transfer of ownership, under regulations prescribed by the Administrator.
(
| Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
|---|---|---|
| 44101(a) | 49 App.:1401(a) (1st sentence words before proviso less words between parentheses). | Aug. 23, 1958, |
| 44101(b) | 49 App.:1401(a) (1st sentence words between parentheses, proviso, last sentence). | |
| 49 App.:1655(c)(1). | Oct. 15, 1966, |
In this section, the word "navigate" is omitted as being included in the definition of "operate aircraft" in section 40102(a) of the revised title.
In subsection (a), the words "Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section" are added for clarity. The words "a person may . . . an aircraft only when the aircraft is registered under
In subsection (b), before clause (1), the words "A person may operate an aircraft in the United States that is not registered" are substituted for "may be operated and navigated without being so registered" and "may . . . permit the operation and navigation of aircraft without registration" for clarity. In clause (2), the words "identified in a way" are substituted for "identified, by the agency having jurisdiction over them, in a manner" to eliminate unnecessary words.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2004 Amendment
Regulations
"(a)
"(b)
"(1) the registration of aircraft previously registered in a country in which the Cape Town Treaty is in effect; and
"(2) the cancellation of registration of a civil aircraft of the United States based on a request made in accordance with the Cape Town Treaty.
"(c)
"(1)
"(2)
"(3)
"(d)
Cape Town Treaty; Findings and Purpose
"(a)
"(1) The Cape Town Treaty (as defined in
"(2) The Cape Town Treaty provides for internationally established and recognized financing and leasing rights that will provide greater security and commercial predictability in connection with the financing and leasing of highly mobile assets, such as aircraft and aircraft engines.
"(3) The legal and financing framework of the Cape Town Treaty will provide substantial economic benefits to the aviation and aerospace sectors, including the promotion of exports, and will facilitate the acquisition of newer, safer aircraft around the world.
"(4) Only technical changes to United States law and regulations are required since the asset-based financing and leasing concepts embodied in the Cape Town Treaty are already reflected in the United States in the Uniform Commercial Code.
"(5) The new electronic registry system established under the Cape Town Treaty will work in tandem with current aircraft document recordation systems of the Federal Aviation Administration, which have served United States industry well.
"(6) The United States Government was a leader in the development of the Cape Town Treaty.
"(b)
§44102. Registration requirements
(a)
(1) not registered under the laws of a foreign country and is owned by—
(A) a citizen of the United States;
(B) an individual citizen of a foreign country lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States; or
(C) a corporation not a citizen of the United States when the corporation is organized and doing business under the laws of the United States or a State, and the aircraft is based and primarily used in the United States; or
(2) an aircraft of—
(A) the United States Government; or
(B) a State, the District of Columbia, a territory or possession of the United States, or a political subdivision of a State, territory, or possession.
(b)
(
| Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
|---|---|---|
| 44102(a)(1) | 49 App.:1401(b) (1st sentence cl. (1)). | Aug. 23, 1958, |
| 44102(a)(2) | 49 App.:1401(b) (1st sentence cl. (2)). | |
| 44102(b) | 49 App.:1401(b) (last sentence). |
In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "may be registered" are substituted for "shall be eligible for registration", and the words "under
In subsection (b), the words "In carrying out subsection (a)(1)(C) of this section" are added because of the restatement. The words "by regulation" are omitted as unnecessary because of 49:322(a).
§44103. Registration of aircraft
(a)
(A) register the aircraft; and
(B) issue a certificate of registration to its owner.
(2) The Administrator may prescribe the extent to which an aircraft owned by the holder of a dealer's certificate of registration issued under
(b)
(A) as provided in
(B) that the Administrator may issue the certificate to the person after the one-year period beginning on the date of the revocation if the Administrator decides that the aircraft otherwise meets the requirements of
(i) would be excessive considering the nature of the offense or the act committed and the burden the denial places on the person; or
(ii) would not be in the public interest.
(2) A decision of the Administrator under paragraph (1)(B)(i) or (ii) of this subsection is within the discretion of the Administrator. That decision or failure to make a decision is not subject to administrative or judicial review.
(c)
(1) conclusive evidence of the nationality of an aircraft for international purposes, but not conclusive evidence in a proceeding under the laws of the United States; and
(2) not evidence of ownership of an aircraft in a proceeding in which ownership is or may be in issue.
(d)
(e)
(1)
(A) documentation validating that—
(i) an aircraft registration renewal application form (AC Form 8050–1B, or a succeeding form) has been submitted to the Administrator for such aircraft but not yet approved or denied; and
(ii) such aircraft is compliant with maintenance, inspections, and any other requirements for the aircraft's airworthiness certificate issued under section 44704(d); and
(B) the most recent aircraft registration.
(2)
(A) be made electronically available to the applicant immediately upon submitting an aircraft registration renewal application to the Civil Aviation Registry for an aircraft;
(B) notify the applicant of the operational allowance described in paragraph (1);
(C) deem an aircraft's airworthiness certificate issued under section 44704(d) as valid provided that the applicant confirms acknowledgment of the requirements of paragraph (1)(A)(ii);
(D) confirm the applicant acknowledged the limitations described in paragraph (3)(A) and (3)(B); and
(E) include identifying information pertaining to such aircraft and to the registered owner.
(3)
(A) with an expired registration, except as specifically provided for under this subsection; or
(B) if the Administrator has denied an application to renew the registration of such aircraft.
(
| Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
|---|---|---|
| 44103(a)(1) | 49 App.:1401(c), (d). | Aug. 23, 1958, |
| 49 App.:1655(c)(1). | Oct. 15, 1966, |
|
| 44103(a)(2) | 49 App.:1405 (2d sentence). | |
| 49 App.:1655(c)(1). | ||
| 44103(b) | 49 App.:1401(e)(2)(D), (E). | Aug. 23, 1958, |
| 44103(c) | 49 App.:1401(f). | |
| 44103(d) | 49 App.:1401(g). | Aug. 23, 1958, |
In subsection (a)(1), the words "On application" are substituted for "upon request", and the words "meets the requirements of
In subsection (b)(1)(B), before subclause (i), the words "after the one-year period beginning on the date of the revocation" are substituted for "before the end of such five-year period (but not before the end of the one-year period beginning on the date of such revocation)" for clarity and to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "otherwise meets the requirements of
In subsection (c), before clause (1), the words "A certificate of registration" are substituted for "Registration" for clarity. In clause (2), the words "by a particular person" are omitted as surplus.
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2024—Subsec. (e).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Regulations
Implementation of Anti-Terrorist and Narcotic Air Events Programs
"(1)
"(A) implement recommendations 6, 13, 14, and 15 as set forth in the Government Accountability Office report entitled 'Aviation: FAA Needs to Better Prevent, Detect, and Respond to Fraud and Abuse Risks in Aircraft Registration,' (dated March 25, 2020); and
"(B) to the extent that rulemaking is necessary to implement such recommendations, issue a notice of proposed rulemaking pursuant to the rulemaking authority of the FAA [Federal Aviation Administration].
"(2)
"(A) the date that is 90 days after the date on which the FAA implements the Civil Aviation Registry Electronic Services system; or
"(B) January 1, 2026."
Deadline To Eliminate Aircraft Registration Backlog
Aircraft Registration
"(a)
"(b)
Right to Privacy When Using Air Traffic Control System
Aircraft Situational Display Data
"(a)
"(1) the person demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Administrator that the person is capable of selectively blocking the display of any aircraft-situation-display-to-industry derived data related to any identified aircraft registration number; and
"(2) the person agree to block selectively the aircraft registration numbers of any aircraft owner or operator upon the Administration's request.
"(b)
§44104. Registration of aircraft components and dealers' certificates of registration
The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration may prescribe regulations—
(1) in the interest of safety for registering and identifying an aircraft engine, propeller, or appliance; and
(2) in the public interest for issuing, suspending, and revoking a dealer's certificate of registration under this chapter and for its use by a person manufacturing, distributing, or selling aircraft.
(
| Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
|---|---|---|
| 44104(1) | 49 App.:1402. | Aug. 23, 1958, |
| 49 App.:1655(c)(1). | Oct. 15, 1966, |
|
| 44104(2) | 49 App.:1405 (1st sentence). | |
| 49 App.:1655(c)(1). |
In this section, before clause (1), the words "prescribe regulations" are substituted for "establish reasonable rules and regulations" in 49 App.:1402 and "by such reasonable regulations" in 49 App.:1405 (1st sentence) because of 49:322(a). In clause (1), the words "and no aircraft engine, propeller, or appliance shall be used in violation of any such rule or regulation" are omitted as surplus because of section 46301 of the revised title. In clause (2), the words "in connection with" are omitted as surplus.
§44105. Suspension and revocation of aircraft certificates
The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration may suspend or revoke a certificate of registration issued under
(
| Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
|---|---|---|
| 44105 | 49 App.:1401(e)(1). | Aug. 23, 1958, |
| 49 App.:1655(c)(1). | Oct. 15, 1966, |
The words "when the aircraft no longer meets" are substituted for "for any cause which renders the aircraft ineligible" for consistency.
§44106. Revocation of aircraft certificates for controlled substance violations
(a)
(b)
(A) the aircraft was used to carry out, or facilitate, an activity that is punishable by death or imprisonment for more than one year under a law of the United States or a State related to a controlled substance (except a law related to simple possession of a controlled substance); and
(B) the owner of the aircraft permitted the use of the aircraft knowing that the aircraft was to be used for the activity described in clause (A) of this paragraph.
(2) An aircraft owner that is not an individual is deemed to have permitted the use of the aircraft knowing that the aircraft was to be used for the activity described in paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection only if a majority of the individuals who control the owner of the aircraft or who are involved in forming the major policy of the owner permitted the use of the aircraft knowing that the aircraft was to be used for the activity described in paragraph (1)(A).
(c)
(1) advise the holder of the certificate of the charges or reasons on which the Administrator bases the proposed action; and
(2) provide the holder of the certificate an opportunity to answer the charges and state why the certificate should not be revoked.
(d)
(2) When a person files an appeal with the Board under this subsection, the order of the Administrator revoking the certificate is stayed. However, if the Administrator advises the Board that safety in air transportation or air commerce requires the immediate effectiveness of the order—
(A) the order remains effective; and
(B) the Board shall dispose of the appeal not later than 60 days after notification by the Administrator under this paragraph.
(3) A person substantially affected by an order of the Board under this subsection may seek judicial review of the order under
(e)
(2) If the Administrator has revoked a certificate of registration of a person under this section because of an activity described in subsection (b)(1)(A) of this section, the Administrator shall reissue a certificate to the person if the person—
(A) subsequently is acquitted of all charges related to a controlled substance in an indictment or information arising from the activity; and
(B) otherwise meets the requirements of
(
| Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
|---|---|---|
| 44106(a) | 49 App.:1401(e)(2)(C). | Aug. 23, 1958, |
| 44106(b) | 49 App.:1401(e)(2)(A) (less last sentence). | |
| 44106(c) | 49 App.:1401(e)(2)(B) (1st sentence). | |
| 44106(d) | 49 App.:1401(e)(2)(B) (2d–last sentences). | |
| 44106(e) | 49 App.:1401(e)(2)(A) (last sentence), (F). |
In subsection (b)(2), the words "knowing that the aircraft was to be used for the activity described in paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection" are substituted for "with knowledge of such intended use" for clarity.
§44107. Recordation of conveyances, leases, and security instruments
(a)
(1) conveyances that affect an interest in civil aircraft of the United States;
(2) leases and instruments executed for security purposes, including conditional sales contracts, assignments, and amendments, that affect an interest in—
(A) a specifically identified aircraft engine having at least 550 rated takeoff horsepower or its equivalent;
(B) a specifically identified aircraft propeller capable of absorbing at least 750 rated takeoff shaft horsepower;
(C) an aircraft engine, propeller, or appliance maintained for installation or use in an aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller, by or for an air carrier holding a certificate issued under
(D) spare parts maintained by or for an air carrier holding a certificate issued under
(3) releases, cancellations, discharges, and satisfactions related to a conveyance, lease, or instrument recorded under paragraph (1) or (2).
(b)
(c)
(1) a notary public; or
(2) another officer authorized under the laws of the United States, a State, the District of Columbia, or a territory or possession of the United States to acknowledge deeds.
(d)
(1) keep a record of the time and date that each conveyance, lease, and instrument is filed and recorded with the Administrator; and
(2) record each conveyance, lease, and instrument filed with the Administrator, in the order of their receipt, and index them by—
(A) the identifying description of the aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller, or location specified in a lease or instrument recorded under subsection (a)(2)(C) or (D) of this section; and
(B) the names of the parties to each conveyance, lease, and instrument.
(e)
(1)
(A) civil aircraft of the United States;
(B) an aircraft for which a United States identification number has been assigned but only with regard to a notice filed under paragraph (2); and
(C) aircraft engines.
(2)
(A)
(B)
(3)
(
| Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
|---|---|---|
| 44107(a)(1) | 49 App.:1403(a)(1). | Aug. 23, 1958, |
| 49 App.:1655(c)(1). | Oct. 15, 1966, |
|
| 44107(a) (2)(A), (B) | 49 App.:1403(a)(2). | Aug. 23, 1958, |
| 49 App.:1655(c)(1). | ||
| 44107(a) (2)(C), (D) | 49 App.:1403(a)(3) (less words between 13th comma and semicolon). | |
| 49 App.:1655(c)(1). | ||
| 44107(a)(3) | 49 App.:1403(b). | |
| 49 App.:1655(c)(1). | ||
| 44107(b) | 49 App.:1403(a)(3) (words between 13th comma and semicolon). | |
| 44107(c) | 49 App.:1403(e). | Aug. 23, 1958, |
| 49 App.:1655(c)(1). | ||
| 44107(d) | 49 App.:1403(f). | Aug. 23, 1958, |
| 49 App.:1655(c)(1). |
In subsection (a)(1) and (2), the words "title to" are omitted as being included in "interest in".
In subsection (a)(2), before subclause (A), the word "instruments" is substituted for "any mortgage, equipment trust . . . or other instrument" because it is inclusive. The word "supplement" is omitted as being included in "amendments".
In subsection (a)(3), the words "The Secretary of Transportation shall also record under the system" are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement.
In subsections (a)(3) and (c), the words "lease, or instrument" are substituted for "other instrument" for clarity and consistency in this subchapter.
In subsections (b) and (d), the words "or locations" are omitted because of 1:1.
In subsection (b), the words "recorded under subsection (a)(2)(C) or (D) of this section" are added for clarity. The words "lease or instrument" are substituted for "instrument" for clarity and consistency in this subchapter.
In subsection (c), before clause (1), the words "by regulation" are omitted because of 49:322(a). In clause (2), the words "possession of the United States" are substituted for "possession thereof" for clarity.
In subsection (d), the words "lease, and instrument" are substituted for "other instruments" for clarity and consistency in this subchapter. In clause (1), the words "of the time and date of" before "recordation" are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement. In clause (2), before subclause (A), the words "in files to be kept for that purpose" are omitted as unnecessary. In subclause (A), the words "location specified in a lease or instrument recorded under subsection (a)(2)(C) or (D) of this section" are substituted for "in the case of an instrument referred to in subsection (a)(3) of this section, the location or locations specified therein" for clarity and consistency in this subchapter.
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2004—Subsec. (a)(2)(A).
Subsec. (a)(3).
Subsec. (e).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2004 Amendment
Amendment by
§44108. Validity of conveyances, leases, and security instruments
(a)
(1) the person making the conveyance, lease, or instrument;
(2) that person's heirs and devisees; and
(3) a person having actual notice of the conveyance, lease, or instrument.
(b)
(1) a lease or instrument recorded under section 44107(a)(2)(A) or (B) of this title is valid for a specifically identified engine or propeller without regard to a lease or instrument previously or subsequently recorded under section 44107(a)(2)(C) or (D); and
(2) a lease or instrument recorded under section 44107(a)(2)(C) or (D) of this title is valid only for items at the location designated in the lease or instrument.
(c)
(2) This subsection does not take precedence over the Convention on the International Recognition of Rights in Aircraft (4 U.S.T. 1830) or the Cape Town Treaty, as applicable.
(d)
(1) a conveyance described in
(2) a lease or instrument described in
(
| Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
|---|---|---|
| 44108(a) | 49 App.:1403(c) (less words after semicolon). | Aug. 23, 1958, |
| 44108(b) | 49 App.:1403(d). | Aug. 23, 1958, |
| 44108(c)(1) | 49 App.:1406. | Aug. 23, 1958, |
| 44108(c)(2) | 49 App.:1406 (note). | June 30, 1964, |
| 44108(d) | 49 App.:1403(c) (words after semicolon). |
In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "conveyance, lease, or instrument executed for security purposes" are substituted for "conveyance or instrument" for clarity and consistency in this subchapter. The words "in respect of such aircraft, aircraft engine or engines, propellers, appliances, or spare parts" are omitted as surplus. The text of 49 App.:1403(c) (proviso words before semicolon) is omitted because of section 7(d) of this bill. In clause (1), the words "person making the conveyance, lease, or instrument" are substituted for "the person by whom the conveyance or other instrument is made or given" to eliminate unnecessary words and for consistency in this subchapter.
In subsection (b), before clause (1), the words "When a conveyance, lease, or instrument is recorded under
In subsection (c)(1), the words "conveyance, lease, or" are added for consistency in this subchapter. The words "the conveyance, lease, or instrument" are substituted for "therein", and the words "it is presumed" are substituted for "it shall constitute presumptive evidence", for clarity.
In subsection (d)(2), the words "lease or instrument" are substituted for "instrument" for clarity and consistency in this subchapter.
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2004—Subsec. (c)(2).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2004 Amendment
Amendment by
§44109. Reporting transfer of ownership
(a)
(b)
(1) shall prescribe regulations that establish guidelines for exempting a person or class from subsection (a) of this section; and
(2) may exempt a person or class under the regulations.
(
| Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
|---|---|---|
| 44109(a) | 49 App.:1509(f). | Aug. 23, 1958, |
| 44109(b) | 49 App.:1509 (note). | Oct. 27, 1986, |
In subsection (a), the text of 49 App.:1509(f) (last sentence) is omitted as unnecessary.
In subsection (b)(1), the words "Within 30 days after the date of enactment of subsection (f) of section 1109 of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 as added by this subsection" are omitted as obsolete.
§44110. Information about aircraft ownership and rights
The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration may provide by regulation for—
(1) endorsing information on each certificate of registration issued under
(2) recording transactions affecting an interest in, and for other records, proceedings, and details necessary to decide the rights of a party related to, a civil aircraft of the United States, aircraft engine, propeller, appliance, or spare part.
(
| Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
|---|---|---|
| 44110 | 49 App.:1403(g). | Aug. 23, 1958, |
| 49 App.:1655(c)(1). | Oct. 15, 1966, |
In clause (1), the words "each certificate of registration issued under
In clause (2), the words "recording transactions" are substituted for "recording of discharges and satisfactions of recorded instruments, and other transactions" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "title to" are omitted as being included in "interest in". The words "to decide" are substituted for "to facilitate the determination" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "related to" are substituted for "dealing with" for clarity. The word "spare" is added for consistency in this section.
§44111. Modifications in registration and recordation system for aircraft not providing air transportation
(a)
(b)
(1) buyers and sellers of aircraft;
(2) officials responsible for enforcing laws related to the regulation of controlled substances (as defined in section 102 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (
(3) other users of the system.
(c)
(1) may include a system of titling aircraft or registering all aircraft, even aircraft not operated;
(2) shall ensure positive, verifiable, and timely identification of the true owner; and
(3) shall address at least each of the following deficiencies in and abuses of the existing system:
(A) the registration of aircraft to fictitious persons.
(B) the use of false or nonexistent addresses by persons registering aircraft.
(C) the use by a person registering an aircraft of a post office box or "mail drop" as a return address to evade identification of the person's address.
(D) the registration of aircraft to entities established to facilitate unlawful activities.
(E) the submission of names of individuals on applications for registration of aircraft that are not identifiable.
(F) the ability to make frequent legal changes in the registration markings assigned to aircraft.
(G) the use of false registration markings on aircraft.
(H) the illegal use of "reserved" registration markings on aircraft.
(I) the large number of aircraft classified as being in "self-reported status".
(J) the lack of a system to ensure timely and adequate notice of the transfer of ownership of aircraft.
(K) the practice of allowing temporary operation and navigation of aircraft without the issuance of a certificate of registration.
(d)
(2) Regulations prescribed under this subsection shall require that—
(A) each individual listed in an application for registration of an aircraft provide with the application the individual's driver's license number; and
(B) each person (not an individual) listed in an application for registration of an aircraft provide with the application the person's taxpayer identifying number.
(
| Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
|---|---|---|
| 44111(a) | 49 App.:1303 (note). | Nov. 11, 1988, |
| 44111(b) | 49 App.:1401(h) (1st sentence). | Aug. 23, 1958, |
| 44111(c) | 49 App.:1401(h) (last sentence). | |
| 44111(d) | 49 App.:1401 (note). | Nov. 18, 1988, |
In subsection (c)(3)(D), the words "corporations and others" are omitted as surplus.
In subsection (d)(1), the words "Not later than September 18, 1989" and "final" are omitted as obsolete. The words "Administrator of Drug Enforcement" are substituted for "Drug Enforcement Administration of the Department of Justice" because of section 5(a) of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1973 (eff. July 1, 1973,
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
"Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection" substituted for "Commissioner of Customs" in subsec. (d)(1) on authority of section 802(d)(2) of
Transfer of Functions
For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see
Drug Enforcement Status and Progress; Reports to Congress; Definitions
"(d)
"(1) The status of the rulemaking process, issuance of regulations, and implementation of regulations in accordance with this section [see subsec. (d) of this section].
"(2) The progress being made in reducing the number of aircraft classified by the Federal Aviation Administration as being in 'sale-reported status'.
"(3) The progress being made in expediting the filing and processing of forms for major repairs and alterations of fuel tanks and fuel systems of aircraft.
"(4) The status of establishing and collecting fees under section 313(f) of the Federal Aviation Act [see
"(e)
"(1)
"(2)
Information Coordination
"(1) The progress made in establishing a process for provision of informational assistance by such Administration to officials of Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies.
"(2) The progress made in establishing a process for effectively pursuing suspensions and revocations of certificates of registration and airman certificates in accordance with the amendments made to the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 by the Aviation Drug-Trafficking Control Act [
"(3) The efforts of such Administration in assessing and defining the appropriate relationship of such Administration's informational assistance resources (including the El Paso Intelligence Center and the Law Enforcement Assistance Unit of the Aeronautical Center of such Administration).
"(4) The progress made in issuing guidelines on (A) the reporting of aviation sensitive drug-related information, and (B) the development, in coordination with the Drug Enforcement Administration of the Department of Justice and the United States Customs Service, of training and educational policies to assist employees of such Administration to better understand (i) the trafficking of controlled substances (as defined in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act [
"(5) The progress made in improving and expanding such Administration's role in the El Paso Intelligence Center."
Applicability of Paperwork Reduction Act
§44112. Limitation of liability
(a)
(1) "lessor" means a person leasing for at least 30 days a civil aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller.
(2) "owner" means a person that owns a civil aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller.
(3) "secured party" means a person having a security interest in, or security title to, a civil aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller under a conditional sales contract, equipment trust contract, chattel or corporate mortgage, or similar instrument.
(b)
(1) the aircraft, engine, or propeller; or
(2) the flight of, or an object falling from, the aircraft, engine, or propeller.
(
| Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
|---|---|---|
| 44112 | 49 App.:1404. | Aug. 23, 1958, |
In subsection (a), clauses (1) and (3) are derived from 49 App.:1404 (2d–57th words). Clause (2) is added for clarity. In clause (1), the words "bona fide" are omitted as surplus. In clause (3), the word "nature" is omitted as surplus.
In subsection (b), before clause (1), the words "personal injury, death" are substituted for "any injury to or death of persons", and the words "on land or water" are substituted for "on the surface of the earth (whether on land or water)", to eliminate unnecessary words. In clause (2), the words "ascent, descent, or" and "dropping or" are omitted as surplus.
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2018—Subsec. (b).
§44113. Definitions
In this chapter, the following definitions apply:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(Added
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date
Section effective Mar. 1, 2006, and not applicable to any registration or recordation that was made before such date under this chapter or any legal rights relating to such registration or recordation, see section 7 of
§44114. Privacy
(a)
(b)
(c)
(1)
(2)
(A) each applicant to attest to a safety or security need in applying for a new ICAO aircraft identification code; and
(B) each approved applicant who obtains a new ICAO aircraft identification code to comply with all applicable aspects of, or related to, part 45 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, including updating an aircraft's registration number and N–Number to reflect such aircraft's new ICAO aircraft identification code.
(d)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(A) the mailing address or registration address of an individual;
(B) an electronic address (including an email address) of an individual; or 1
(C) the telephone number of an individual.1
(D) the names of the aircraft owner or operator, if the owner or operator is an individual.
(Added
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The enactment of this Act, referred to in subsec. (b), probably means the enactment of
Prior Provisions
Provisions similar to those in subsec. (a) of this section were contained in