TITLE 51-NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS
This title was enacted by
Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3328
Subtitle I-General
Subtitle II-General Program and Policy Provisions
201.
National Aeronautics and Space Program
20101
203.
Responsibilities and Vision
20301
Subtitle III-Administrative Provisions
301.
Appropriations, Budgets, and Accounting
30101
303.
Contracting and Procurement
30301
305.
Management and Review
30501
307.
International Cooperation and Competition
30701
Subtitle IV-Aeronautics and Space Research and Education
403.
National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program
40301
405.
Biomedical Research in Space
40501
407.
Environmentally Friendly Aircraft
40701
Subtitle V-Programs Targeting Commercial Opportunities
501.
Space Commerce
50101
503.
Commercial Reusable In-Space Transportation
50301
505.
Commercial Space Competitiveness
50501
507.
Office of Space Commerce
50701
509.
Commercial Space Launch Activities
50901
511.
Space Transportation Infrastructure Matching Grants
51101
513.
Space resource commercial exploration and utilization
1
51301
515.
Office of Spaceports
51501
Subtitle VI-Earth Observations
601.
Land Remote Sensing Policy
60101
603.
Remote Sensing
60301
Subtitle VII-Access to Space
701.
Use of space launch system or alternatives
2
70101
705.
Exploration Initiatives
70501
707.
Human Space Flight Independent Investigation Commission
70701
709.
International Space Station
70901
711.
Near-Earth Objects
71101
713.
Cooperation for Safety Among Spacefaring Nations
71301
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2020-
Pub. L. 116–181, §2(c)(1), Oct. 21, 2020, 134 Stat. 892
, added item for chapter 606.
2018-
Pub. L. 115–254, div. B, title V, §580(b)(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3396
, added item for chapter 515.
2017-
Pub. L. 115–10, title IV, §416(b), Mar. 21, 2017, 131 Stat. 35
, struck out item for chapter 703 "Shuttle Pricing Policy for Commercial and Foreign Users".
2015-
Pub. L. 114–90, title I, §117(b)(1), title III, §301(a)(2), title IV, §402(b), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 718
, 720, 722, added item for chapter 513 and substituted "Commerce" for "Commercialization" in item for chapter 507 and "Use of space launch system or alternatives" for "Use of Space Shuttle or Alternatives" in item for chapter 701.
2010-
Pub. L. 111–314, §4(d)(7), Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3443
, added items for chapters 509 and 511.
Table I
(Showing disposition of former sections of Title 15)
| Title 15 Former Sections
| Title 51 New Sections
|
| 1511e |
50702 |
| 1535 |
50703 |
| 5601 |
60101 note |
| 5602 |
60101 |
| 5611 |
60111 |
| 5612, 5613 |
Rep. |
| 5614 |
60112 |
| 5615(a), (b) |
60113 |
| 5615(c), (d) |
Rep. |
| 5621 to 5625 |
60121 to 60125 |
| 5631 |
60131 |
| 5632 |
60132 |
| 5633(a) to (e) |
60133 |
| 5633(f), 5641(a) |
Rep. |
| 5641(b), (c) |
60134 |
| 5651 to 5658 |
60141 to 60148 |
| 5671 |
60161 |
| 5672 |
60162 |
| 5801 |
50501 note |
| 5802 |
50501 |
| 5803(a) to (c) |
50502 |
| 5803(d) |
Rep. |
| 5805 |
Rep. |
| 5806 |
50503 |
| 5807 |
50504 |
| 5808 |
50506 |
Table II
(Showing disposition of former sections of Title 42)
| Title 42 Former Sections
| Title 51 New Sections
|
| 2451 |
20102 |
| 2452 |
20103 |
| 2453 |
Rep. |
| 2454 |
20131 |
| 2455(a) |
20132 |
| 2455(b) |
20132 note |
| 2456 |
20133 |
| 2456a |
20134 |
| 2457 |
20135 |
| 2458 to 2458c |
20136 to 20139 |
| 2459 |
20140 |
| 2459a |
Elim. |
| 2459b |
20141 |
| 2459c |
20142 |
| 2459d |
30301 |
| 2459e |
30302 |
| 2459f |
20143 |
| 2459f–1 |
20144 |
| 2459g |
30307 |
| 2459h |
30308(b) |
| 2459i |
30102 |
| 2459j |
20145 |
| 2459j–1 |
20145 note |
| 2459k |
20146 |
| 2459l |
20147 |
| 2460 |
30101 |
| 2461 |
30901 |
| 2463 |
30303 |
| 2464 |
70101 |
| 2464a |
Elim. |
| 2465a(a) |
70102(a) |
| 2465a(b) |
Rep. |
| 2465a(c) |
70102(b) |
| 2465a(d) |
70102(c) |
| 2465c |
70103(a) |
| 2465f |
70103(b) |
| 2466 to 2466c |
70301 to 70304 |
| 2467 |
40901 |
| 2467a |
40902 |
| 2467b(a), (b) |
40903(b), (c) |
| 2467b(c) |
40903(a) |
| 2471, 2471a |
20111 notes |
| 2472 |
20111 |
| 2473(a), (b) |
20112 |
| 2473(c) |
20113 |
| 2473b (1st par.) |
30304 |
| 2473b (last par.), 2473c(a) |
Rep. |
| 2473c(b) |
31102 note |
| 2473c(c) to (h) |
31102 |
| 2473d |
30309 |
| 2474(a) |
Rep. |
| 2474(b), (c) |
20114(a), (b) |
| 2474(d) |
Rep. |
| 2475 |
20115 |
| 2475a(a), (b) |
30701(a), (b)(2) |
| 2475b |
30702 |
| 2476 |
20116 |
| 2476a |
20117 |
| 2476b |
Rep. |
| 2477 |
31101 |
| 2481 to 2484 |
20161 to 20164 |
| 2486 |
40301 note |
| 2486a to 2486i |
40301 to 40309 |
| 2486k |
40310 |
| 2486l |
Rep. |
| 2487 |
40501 note |
| 2487a to 2487c |
40501 to 40503 |
| 2487e |
40504 |
| 2487f |
40505 |
| 2487g |
Rep. |
| 14701 |
50101 |
| 14711(a) |
50111(a) |
| 14711(b) |
Rep. |
| 14712(a) |
50112 note |
| 14712(b) |
50112 |
| 14713 |
50113 |
| 14714 |
50114 |
| 14715(a), (b) |
50115(a), (b) |
| 14715(c) |
Rep. |
| 14715(d), (e) |
50115(c), (d) |
| 14731 |
50131 |
| 14732 |
50132 |
| 14733(a) |
50133 |
| 14733(b), (c) |
Rep. |
| 14734 |
50134 |
| 14735 |
Rep. |
| 14751 |
50301 note |
| 14752 |
50302 |
| 14753 |
50301 |
| 16601 |
10101 note |
| 16611(a) |
20301 |
| 16611(b) |
20302 |
| 16611(c) to (g) |
Elim. |
| 16611(h)(1) |
30103(a) |
| 16611(h)(2) |
Elim. |
| 16611(i) |
30103(b) |
| 16611(j) |
Elim. |
| 16611a(a) to (c) |
20303(a) to (c) |
| 16611a(d) |
Elim. |
| 16611a(e) |
20303(d) |
| 16611a(f) |
Elim. |
| 16611b |
30103(c) |
| 16611b note (
Pub. L. 111–8, div. B, title III, 123 Stat. 589
) |
30103(d) |
| 16612 |
note prec. 40901 |
| 16613 |
30104 |
| 16614 |
30703 |
| 16615 |
30501 |
| 16616, 16617 |
Elim. |
| 16618 |
30502 |
| 16631, 16632 |
Rep. |
| 16633 |
70902 |
| 16634 |
50505 |
| 16635, 16636 |
Elim. |
| 16651 |
30503 |
| 16652, 16653 |
Elim. |
| 16654(a) (matter before par. (1)) |
30504(a) |
| 16654(a)(1) |
Elim. |
| 16654(a)(2) |
30504(b) |
| 16654(b), 16655(1) |
Elim. |
| 16655(2), (3) |
40904 |
| 16656 |
60505 |
| 16657 |
Elim. |
| 16658 |
20304 |
| 16671 to 16676 |
60301 to 60306 |
| 16691 |
note prec. 71101 |
| 16701 |
40101 |
| 16711 |
40102 |
| 16712(a) |
Elim. |
| 16712(b) |
40103 |
| 16721(a), (b) |
40111 |
| 16721(c), (d) |
Rep. |
| 16722(a) |
40701 |
| 16722(b) to (g) |
40112(a) to (f) |
| 16723 to 16725 |
40113 to 40115 |
| 16726 |
Rep. |
| 16727 |
40116 |
| 16741 |
40131 |
| 16751 |
40141 |
| 16761(a), (b) |
70501(a), (b) |
| 16761(c) |
Elim. |
| 16762 |
70501 note |
| 16763 |
70502 |
| 16764 |
70503 |
| 16765 |
70904 |
| 16766(1), (2) |
70903 |
| 16766(3) |
Elim. |
| 16767(a), (b) |
70905(b), (c) |
| 16767(c) |
Elim. |
| 16767(d) |
70905(a) |
| 16781 |
31501 |
| 16782 |
70304 note |
| 16791 |
40905 |
| 16792 |
30902 |
| 16793 |
Elim. |
| 16794 |
40906 |
| 16795 |
40907 |
| 16796 |
note prec. 40901 |
| 16797 |
40908 |
| 16798(a) |
Elim. |
| 16798(b) |
40909 |
| 16811 |
50116 |
| 16821 |
30306 |
| 16822 |
31301 |
| 16823 |
30704 |
| 16824 |
Elim. |
| 16831 |
T. 42 §1886a |
| 16832 |
Elim. |
| 16841 to 16850 |
70701 to 70710 |
| 17701 |
20102 note |
| 17702 |
10101 note |
| 17711 |
60501 |
| 17712(a) |
Elim. |
| 17712(b) to (d) |
60502(a) to (c) |
| 17713(a) |
60503 |
| 17713(b) |
Elim. |
| 17714 |
60504 |
| 17721 |
40702 |
| 17722 |
40703 |
| 17723(a) |
40704 note |
| 17723(b), (c) |
40704(a), (b) |
| 17724 |
40104 |
| 17731 |
70504 |
| 17732(a), (b) |
70505(a), (b) |
| 17732(c) |
Elim. |
| 17733(a) |
70506 note |
| 17733(b) |
70506 |
| 17734 |
71301 |
| 17741 |
70507 |
| 17742 |
70508 |
| 17751(a) |
70907 |
| 17751(b) |
Elim. |
| 17752 |
70906 |
| 17753 |
Elim. |
| 17761 |
70501 note |
| 17771 |
50903 note |
| 17781(a) |
Elim. |
| 17781(b) |
40903(d) |
| 17781(c) |
40311 |
| 17791(a) |
71101 |
| 17791(b) |
Elim. |
| 17792 |
71101 note |
| 17793 to 17795 |
71102 to 71104 |
| 17801 |
50111(b) |
| 17811(a) |
31502 |
| 17811(b), (c) |
Elim. |
| 17812(a) |
31503 |
| 17812(b) |
Elim. |
| 17821(a) |
71302 note |
| 17821(b) |
71302 |
| 17822 |
31302 |
| 17823 |
20305 |
| 17824 |
30305 |
| 17825(a), (b) |
Elim. |
| 17825(c) |
60506 |
| 17826 |
Elim. |
| 17827 |
30310 |
| 17828 |
31504 |
| 17829 |
31505 |
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Enactment of Title
Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3328
, provided in part that: "Title 51, United States Code, 'National and Commercial Space Programs', is enacted as follows".
Purpose; Conformity With Original Intent
Pub. L. 111–314, §2, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3328
, provided that:
"(a) Purpose.-The purpose of this Act [see Tables for classification] is to codify certain existing laws related to national and commercial space programs as a positive law title of the United States Code.
"(b) Conformity With Original Intent.-In the codification of laws by this Act, the intent is to conform to the understood policy, intent, and purpose of Congress in the original enactments, with such amendments and corrections as will remove ambiguities, contradictions, and other imperfections, in accordance with section 205(c)(1) of House Resolution No. 988, 93d Congress, as enacted into law by Public Law 93–554 (2 U.S.C. 285b(1))."
Transitional and Savings Provisions
Pub. L. 111–314, §5, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3443
, provided that:
"(a) Definitions.-In this section:
"(1) Source provision.-The term 'source provision' means a provision of law that is replaced by a title 51 provision.
"(2) Title 51 provision.-The term 'title 51 provision' means a provision of title 51, United States Code, that is enacted by section 3.
"(b) Cutoff Date.-The title 51 provisions replace certain provisions of law enacted on or before July 1, 2009. If a law enacted after that date amends or repeals a source provision, that law is deemed to amend or repeal, as the case may be, the corresponding title 51 provision. If a law enacted after that date is otherwise inconsistent with a title 51 provision or a provision of this Act [see Tables for classification], that law supersedes the title 51 provision or provision of this Act to the extent of the inconsistency.
"(c) Original Date of Enactment Unchanged.-For purposes of determining whether one provision of law supersedes another based on enactment later in time, a title 51 provision is deemed to have been enacted on the date of enactment of the corresponding source provision.
"(d) References to Title 51 Provisions.-A reference to a title 51 provision is deemed to refer to the corresponding source provision.
"(e) References to Source Provisions.-A reference to a source provision, including a reference in a regulation, order, or other law, is deemed to refer to the corresponding title 51 provision.
"(f) Regulations, Orders, and Other Administrative Actions.-A regulation, order, or other administrative action in effect under a source provision continues in effect under the corresponding title 51 provision.
"(g) Actions Taken and Offenses Committed.-An action taken or an offense committed under a source provision is deemed to have been taken or committed under the corresponding title 51 provision."
Repeals
Pub. L. 111–314, §6, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3444
, repealed specified laws relating to national and commercial space programs, except with respect to rights and duties that matured, penalties that were incurred, or proceedings that were begun before Dec. 18, 2010.